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392:, drawing 60 British students for his first course alone. He never was officially licensed to do so, and in 1734 the university forbade him to continue. Within a year or two, he could afford buying a stately house. Though they had no close personal relationship, Van Swieten was a great admirer of Boerhaave. After his study, Van Swieten kept attending Boerhaave's classes, making extensive notes on each and purportedly missing only one lecture between 1725 and 1738. Eventually, Van Swieten published these notes in five volumes between 1742 and 1771. When Boerhaave died in 1738, Van Swieten was by many considered his natural heir and he did take over part of Boerhaave's practice. However, he was not and had not expected to be offered his chair, since Catholics were not accepted as faculty at Leiden University.
535:), offered an entirely natural explanation for the belief in vampires. He dismissed the claims of unusual circumstances around graves with possible causes such as the processes of fermentation and lack of oxygen being reasons for preventing decomposition. Characteristic for his opinion is this quotation from the preface to his essay of 1768 "that all the fuss doesn't come from anything other than vain fear, superstitious credulity, dark and eventful imagination and simplicity and ignorance among these people." In response to the report, Maria Theresa issued a decree that banned all traditional defences that locals had been using, such as putting accused vampires to the stakes, beheading or burning them.
551:
338:. His parents, the notary Thomas van Swieten (1662–1712) and Elisabeth Loo (†1708), had their children baptized by Jesuit priests, and Van Swieten remained a Roman Catholic throughout his life. His paternal family had been prominent Leiden citizens since the 15th century, carrying a coat of arms with three violins, which Van Swieten modified and adopted when he was made a Baron in 1753. They potentially descended from the old but already extinct noble house of
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432:, was ailing following the birth of a stillborn child. While Maria Anna did not recover and died in early December, Van Swieten's swift response and confident actions had nevertheless endeared him further to Maria Theresa. By May 1745, the Van Swieten family had sold all their belongings in the Netherlands and traveled to Vienna.
387:
Following his promotion, Van
Swieten started a medical practice in Leiden. He initially ran his pharmacy in parallel, but in 1727 he handed this over to a son of his guardian Arnold Frans Coops. He saw many patients and soon, apparently with Boerhaave's permission, also started giving private lessons
419:
and a former student of
Boerhaave. As a Catholic and a foremost student of Boerhaave, Van Swieten received an offer to fill this position as well as that of director of the court library in early 1743. He respectfully declined, writing to a friend that he much preferred to remain "a small republican
399:
and the sister of a fellow student in Leiden. Though she did not feature prominently in Van
Swieten's public life, contemporaries reported a very happy marriage. Between 1731 and 1746 they had six children, five in Leiden and one in Vienna. The first (1731) was named Elisabeth after his mother, the
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than to carry a pompous title that simply conceals a slavish existence". After one-and-a-half years of enticements, Van
Swieten finally accepted the offer in October 1744. Before his letter of acceptance had arrived, Van Swieten found himself called to the court in
349:
at the age of 12, around the time he became an orphan on 8 July 1712. His father had appointed two friends as guardians, Adriaan
Duyvens and Arnold Coops, and, when in Leiden, Van Swieten would live at Coops' house until 1727. He had already enrolled at
444:, "Generale Normativum in Re Sanitatis", implemented by Maria Theresa in 1770. He founded a botanical garden, a chemical laboratory and introduced clinical instruction. Since 1745 he was also librarian for Maria Theresa for what was then the
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to chemistry. After three years, in 1720, he became a pharmacist; the following 5 year he not only ran a pharmacy, but also studied medicine at Leiden
University. Here he almost exclusively followed classes by Herman Boerhaave and
997:
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that were in charge of the censorship before and carried out a centralisation of the censorship that was only partly successful. He also tried to use scientific and rational aspects for the judgement of literature.
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362:, breaking off this education when he contracted smallpox. Back in Leiden he enrolled at the University again and became a resident pupil with the pharmacist Nicolaas Stam, whose father had introduced
1007:
542:, a woman condemned to death in Zagreb for witchcraft at the request of the Maria Theresa, leading to the verdict being cancelled by the queen, ending a phase of witch trials in Croatia.
358:(September 1714 – January 1715) and from 1715 he set his mind on pharmacy. Between November 1715 and December 1716 he was a resident pupil of the pharmacist Laurens Tatum in
440:
In his new position he implemented a transformation of the
Austrian health service and medical university education. He was the proposer of the main sanitary reform in the
408:, who was also her godmother. Their son Godfried (later in Austria spelled Gottfried) became famous in his own right as Austrian ambassador and patron of the great
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to investigate the situation relating to vampires. He viewed the vampire myth as a "barbarism of ignorance" and his aim was to eradicate it.
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In
September 1729, Van Swieten married Maria L. E. T. ter Beeck van Coesfelt (c.1711–1784), the daughter of a notary in
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306:(7 May 1700 – 18 June 1772) was a Dutch physician who from 1745 was the personal physician of the Holy Roman Empress
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Sechel, Teodora
Daniela. "The Health Care Reforms, the Sanitary Network, and the Physicians (Physici)".
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status in the new border regions, vampire stories spread to German-speaking areas for the first time.
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November 1742 saw the death of
Joannes Baptista Bassand, personal physician of the Holy Roman Empress
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Oude Rijn] was known as Zwiet (English: sweet) since at least the 10th century, being a place with
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and transformed the Austrian health service and medical university education. He was the father of
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Gerard van Swieten was the one surviving child of a prominent Catholic family in
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Een dokter van formaat: Gerard van Swieten, lijfarts van keizerin Maria Theresia
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Commentaria in Hermanni Boerhaave aphorismos de cognoscendis et curandis morbis
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after her father, and the youngest child (1746) was named Maria Theresia after
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in July 1725 with a dissertation on the structure and function of arteries (
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to study philosophy, though at the age of 14, he studied a few months in
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came under Habsburg control. Through the settlement of refugees granted
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Dietrich von Nieheim: zijne opvatting van het concilie en zijne Kroniek
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Beside his medical activities, Gerard van Swieten was also active as a
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The Emergence of the Medical Profession in Transylvania (1770–1848)
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Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
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Especially important is his part in the fight against
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246:De arteriae fabrica et efficacia in corpore humano
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
562:. In 1751, he was elected a foreign member of the
377:De arteriae fabrica et efficacia in corpore humano
1008:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
345:Van Swieten was a precocious student, finishing
371:. With Albinus as his advisor, he obtained his
8:
770:, De Nederlandse Leeuw, July 1919 (in Dutch)
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122:Learn how and when to remove this message
424:, where Maria Theresa's younger sister,
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516:In 1755 Gerard van Swieten was sent by
503:in 1718, Northern Serbia and a part of
827:Mulder, Willem Johannes Maria (1907).
558:In May 1749 van Swieten was elected a
538:In 1758, he also examined and treated
529:Abhandlung des Daseyns der Gespenster
7:
915:Works by or about Gerard van Swieten
906:Works by Freiherr Gerard van Swieten
573:was named after Gerard van Swieten,
533:Discourse on the Existence of Ghosts
496:in the years between 1718 and 1732.
60:adding citations to reliable sources
988:Immigrants to the Holy Roman Empire
554:Medal of 1772 featuring van Swieten
488:, particularly in the case of the
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983:Emigrants from the Dutch Republic
887:, Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2003,
844:Balog, Zdenko (1 February 2017).
768:Descendants of Gerard van Swieten
564:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
953:18th-century Austrian physicians
499:Following the conclusion of the
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833:. E. van der Vecht. p. iv.
47:needs additional citations for
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978:18th-century Dutch anatomists
958:18th-century Dutch physicians
928:Mathematics Genealogy Project
864:"Library and Archive Catalog"
993:Fellows of the Royal Society
588:Frank – van Swieten Lectures
492:, reported from villages in
400:oldest son (1733) was named
268:Other academic advisors
581:Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
560:Fellow of the Royal Society
288:Other notable students
27:Dutch physician (1700–1772)
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472:Gerard van Swieten on the
369:Bernhard Siegfried Albinus
262:Bernhard Siegfried Albinus
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1003:Leiden University alumni
846:"Magda Logomer Herucina"
600:University of Heidelberg
797:Van der Korst, p. 63–68
757:Van der Korst, p. 54–55
726:Van der Korst, p. 46–47
717:Van der Korst, p. 51–52
699:Van der Korst, p. 31–36
690:Van der Korst, p. 19–29
681:Van der Korst, p. 17–18
596:University of Amsterdam
474:Maria Theresia Memorial
895:(354 pages) (in Dutch)
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973:Dutch Roman Catholics
883:J. K. van der Korst,
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383:A physician in Leiden
312:Gottfried van Swieten
788:Van der Korst, p. 62
779:Van der Korst, p. 61
744:Gerard van Swieten,
735:Van der Korst, p. 49
708:Van der Korst, p. 45
672:Van der Korst, p. 15
663:Van der Korst, p. 10
639:Van der Korst, p. 11
430:Austrian Netherlands
292:Nikolaus von Jacquin
213:University of Leuven
71:"Gerard van Swieten"
56:improve this article
630:Van der Korst, p. 9
604:Hall near Innsbruck
18:Gerhard van Swieten
1013:People from Leiden
924:Gerard van Swieten
766:D.L. van Swieten,
651:. A branch of the
612:Leipzig University
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501:Austro-Turkish War
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428:, Governor of the
304:Gerard van Swieten
138:Gerard van Swieten
910:Project Gutenberg
442:Habsburg monarchy
436:Career in Austria
373:medical doctorate
352:Leiden University
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220:Scientific career
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179:(1772-06-18)
177:18 June 1772
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54:Please help
49:verification
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948:1772 deaths
943:1700 births
569:A genus of
484:during the
412:composers.
406:the Empress
340:Van Swieten
192:Nationality
937:Categories
870:24 October
850:Cris XVIII
618:References
602:, UMIT at
426:Maria Anna
163:7 May 1700
159:1700-05-07
82:newspapers
576:Swietenia
510:Wehrbauer
410:classical
397:The Hague
360:Amsterdam
324:Beethoven
571:mahogany
490:vampires
476:, Vienna
464:Vampires
453:reformer
422:Brussels
402:Godfried
234:pharmacy
230:Medicine
112:May 2014
926:at the
917:at the
522:Moravia
457:Jesuits
210:, 1725)
96:scholar
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546:Honors
505:Bosnia
494:Serbia
356:Leuven
336:Leiden
320:Mozart
250:(1725)
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241:Thesis
226:Fields
185:Vienna
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814:(PDF)
579:, by
316:Haydn
195:Dutch
103:JSTOR
89:books
889:ISBN
872:2010
586:The
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208:M.D.
174:Died
153:Born
75:news
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58:by
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