2209:
301:. Meals are restricted to baked potatoes, oatmeal, salad, cooked and raw vegetables and fruits. Meat and dairy is excluded and only introduced in small amounts back into the diet after 4 or 6 weeks. Berries, nuts, salt, vegetable oils and drinking water are forbidden indefinitely. All canned, frozen and refined foods are excluded and a special grinder and press is required for
2220:
447:
Gerson therapy can lead to several significant health problems. Serious illness and death have occurred as a direct result of some portions of the treatment, including severe electrolyte imbalances. Proponents of the therapy advise ceasing conventional cancer treatment, and this further risks causing
289:
the liver. Coffee enemas are said to cause excretion of toxic breakdown products by the liver and through the colon wall. None of these ideas are supported by scientific research. Gerson commented that his therapy aimed to create a "near normal condition of the oxidizing system in the body, to which
469:
Coffee enemas have contributed to the deaths of at least three people in the United States. Coffee enemas "can cause colitis (inflammation of the bowel), fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and in some cases septicemia". The recommended diet may not be nutritionally adequate. The diet has been blamed
434:
concluded: "If proponents of such therapies wish them to be evaluated scientifically and considered valid adjuvant treatments, they must provide extensive records (more than simple survival rates) and conduct controlled, prospective studies as evidence". In 1959, the
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
280:
Gerson therapy is based on the belief that cancer is the result of a deteriorating metabolism from an impaired liver function. Gerson therapy aims to restore the body to health by repairing the liver and return metabolism to its normal state. The therapy promotes the idea that cancer is caused by
244:
Gerson emigrated to the United States in 1936, passed his medical board examination, and became a U.S. citizen in 1942. In the U.S., Gerson applied his dietary therapy to several cancer patients, claiming good results, but other workers found his methodology and claims unconvincing. Proponents of
416:
found that the institute's claims of cure were based not on actual documentation of survival, but on "a combination of the doctor's estimate that the departing patient has a 'reasonable chance of surviving', plus feelings that the
Institute staff have about the status of people who call in".
476:, better known as "The Wellness Warrior", was a major proponent of the Gerson diet after her diagnosis with cancer. She rejected medical treatment and followed the diet strictly, documenting her progress in a popular blog. She died from her untreated cancer in February 2015, aged 29.
1239:
Kefford is particularly concerned about cancer patients persuaded to undergo the much-hyped U.S. Gerson diet program, which involves the use of ground coffee enemas, which can cause colitis (inflammation of the bowel), fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and in some cases
359:, Mexico; the tenth followed Gerson therapy at home. One of these patients who had metastatic melanoma died within a week of his septic episode. Many of the patients had low sodium levels, thought to be associated with the very low sodium Gerson diet. The photographer
734:"Gerson therapy consists of a strict low-sodium diet, consumption of large amounts of juice from fruits, vegetables, and calf liver, and frequent coffee enemas. No credible cancer cures have resulted from this therapy, and deaths from the therapy have been reported."
236:, where he worked in the West End Sanatorium. Gerson spent two years in Vienna, before moving to France in 1935, associating with a clinic near Paris before moving to London in 1936. Shortly thereafter, he moved to the United States, settling in New York City.
2008:
429:
reviewed 10 claimed cures submitted by Gerson; however, all of the patients were receiving standard anticancer treatment simultaneously, making it impossible to determine what effect, if any, was due to Gerson's therapy. A review of the Gerson therapy by
424:
reported that "here is no reliable scientific evidence that Gerson therapy is effective in treating cancer, and the principles behind it are not widely accepted by the medical community. It is not approved for use in the United States." In 1947, the
812:
2294:
327:
After Gerson's death, his daughter
Charlotte Gerson (March 25, 1922 - February 10, 2019) continued to promote the therapy, founding the "Gerson Institute" in 1977. The original protocol also included raw
177:
evaluated Gerson's claims and concluded that his data showed no benefit from his treatment. The therapy is both ineffective and dangerous. Serious illness and deaths have resulted from Gerson therapy.
528:
249:
headed by the medical establishment prevented Gerson from publishing proof that his therapy worked. In 1958, Gerson published a book in which he claimed to have cured 50 terminal cancer patients:
1166:
351:
This infection was seen only in those following Gerson-type therapy with raw liver (no other cases of patients having sepsis with this microbe, a pathogen in cattle, had been reported to
217:, developing the Gerson-Sauerbruch-Hermannsdorfer diet, claiming it was a major advance in the treatment of tuberculosis. Initially, he used his therapy as a supposed treatment for
408:
Attempts to independently check the results of the therapy have been negative. A group of 13 patients sickened by elements of the Gerson therapy were evaluated in hospitals in
495:
2264:
2254:
809:
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states that "Available scientific evidence does not support any claims that Gerson therapy can treat cancer Gerson therapy can be very harmful to your health."
2259:
2039:
1407:
277:
Initially, Gerson used his therapy as a treatment for migraine headaches and tuberculosis. In 1928, he began to use it as a supposed treatment for cancer.
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2274:
520:
352:
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and toxic environmental substances which alter its sodium and potassium content. It also emphasizes limiting sodium and increasing potassium intake to
2299:
2284:
166:, dietary supplements and raw calf liver extract, the latter was discontinued in the 1980s after patients were hospitalized for bacterial infections.
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110:
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again reviewed cases of patients treated by Gerson. The NCI found that the available information did not prove the regimen had benefit.
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154:(October 18, 1881 – March 8, 1959) was a German-born American physician who developed the Gerson therapy, a dietary-based
44:
158:
that he claimed could cure cancer and most chronic, degenerative diseases. Gerson therapy involves a plant-based diet with
861:
547:
Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) (June 1981). "Campylobacter sepsis associated with "nutritional therapy"--California".
1245:
324:. Since 1983, Gerson therapy has involved the use of ozone enemas, where up to 150mg of ozone is administered rectally.
155:
143:
2223:
887:
372:
838:
2212:
1393:
1224:"Fake healers. Why Australia's $ 1 billion-a-year alternative medicine industry is ineffective and out of control"
375:, and thus is illegal to market in the United States. The Gerson Institute promotes the therapy by citing patient
2044:
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1144:
635:
426:
384:
383:. Gerson published a book discussing the alleged success of the therapy in 50 patients, but a review by the U.S.
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taken orally, but this practice was discontinued in the 1980s after ten patients were hospitalized (five of them
174:
600:
1994:
1321:"Jessica Ainscough: Family, friends gather to remember 'The Wellness Warrior' who lost battle with rare cancer"
2122:
2080:
2065:
1445:
1297:
805:
668:
421:
1668:
1588:
1278:
915:
Gorski DH (2019). "Cancer
Quackery and Fake News: Targeting the Most Vulnerable". In Bernicker EH (ed.).
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The therapy is not recommended for pregnant or breast-feeding women and certain cancers and illnesses.
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has subsequently spread that Gerson was murdered following a lifetime of supposed persecution.
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The politics of healing: histories of alternative medicine in twentieth-century North
America
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was discontinued and, in 1958, his medical license in New York was suspended for two years.
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463:. Other complications have included dehydration, serious infections and severe bleeding.
402:
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was unable to find any evidence that Gerson's claims were accurate. The NCI found that no
360:
1279:
Clinical
Practice Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Lung Cancer
2070:
2009:
How Not to Die: Discover the Foods
Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease
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in the early 1980s; all 13 were found to still have active cancer. An investigation by
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has warned against this regime, which is known to have caused at least three deaths.
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including hourly glasses of vegetable juice, raw calf's liver extracts and various
221:
headaches and tuberculosis. In 1928, he began to use it as a claimed treatment for
214:
159:
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in the previous two years). Nine of ten hospitalized patients had been treated in
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985:
Nutrition
Management of the Cancer Patient: A Practical Guide for Professionals
401:
suffered from methodological flaws, and no independent entity has been able to
2188:
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1899:
1839:
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772:
756:"Unproven methods of cancer management. Gerson method of treatment for cancer"
755:
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226:
202:
64:
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1623:
917:
Cancer and
Society: A Multidisciplinary Assessment and Strategies for Action
833:
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17:
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for the deaths of patients who substituted it for standard medical care.
218:
1035:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(1998)78:11+<69::AID-IJC20>3.0.CO;2-7
566:
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Gerson therapy claims to treat the disease by having patients consume a
1708:
1057:
460:
389:
356:
302:
43:
1072:"Street-Wise: The Photography of Garry Winogrand and Alexey Titarenko"
2183:
2147:
2132:
1343:"Living proof and the pseudoscience of alternative cancer treatments"
233:
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194:
1385:
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Gerson's therapy has not been independently tested or subjected to
452:
333:
321:
2152:
2117:
337:
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may weaken the colon's normal function, causing or worsening
290:
malignant cells with the fermentation system cannot adapt".
1097:"The Gerson Institute — Alternative Cancer Treatment"
363:
died of gallbladder cancer in a Gerson Clinic in Tijuana.
344:, area hospitals due to infection with the rare bacterium
2295:
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
601:"Unproven Methods of Cancer Management: Gerson Therapy"
197:), on October 18, 1881. In 1909, he graduated from the
1293:"Cancer Therapy Pained Her Family... And Didn't Work"
201:. He began practicing medicine at age 28 in Breslau (
1382:(includes section on Gerson therapy with references)
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2110:
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2027:
1985:
1942:
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213:. By 1927, he was specializing in the treatment of
138:
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116:
106:
98:
79:
50:
34:
496:List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments
1347:Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology
988:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 362.
954:
952:
393:animal studies had been conducted. Similarly,
265:Gerson died on March 8, 1959, of pneumonia. A
2040:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
1401:
8:
801:
799:
549:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
397:by Gerson Institute staff published in the
232:in 1933 Gerson left Germany, emigrating to
1518:
1408:
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1018:"Alternative Nutritional Cancer Therapies"
750:
748:
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744:
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595:
353:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
169:Gerson described his approach in the book
42:
31:
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1112:"Background History of the Gerson Clinic"
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205:, now in Poland), later specializing in
1291:Snowbeck, Christopher (April 9, 1999).
888:"Dr. Max Gerson, 77, Cancer specialist"
692:
690:
511:
2265:Deaths from pneumonia in New York City
2255:Alternative cancer treatment advocates
702:Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
542:
540:
538:
432:Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
185:Gerson was born to a Jewish family in
1522:Academics, dietitians, and physicians
659:
657:
655:
653:
340:) from January 1979 to March 1981 in
251:A Cancer Therapy: Results of 50 Cases
171:A Cancer Therapy: Results of 50 Cases
27:German-American physician (1881–1959)
7:
2260:Alternative detoxification promoters
2219:
971:from the original on April 12, 2021.
724:Oxford American Handbook of Oncology
199:Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg
111:Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg
2035:Plant-Based Health Professionals UK
1319:Williams, Patrick (March 6, 2015).
1060:; "About Us". Accessed 12 May 2012.
760:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
726:. Oxford University Press. p. 201.
605:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
531:from the original on June 10, 2023.
25:
2275:People from the Province of Posen
1341:Vickers AJ, Cassileth BR (2008).
1070:Bailey, John (December 6, 2009).
281:alteration of cell metabolism by
2300:Physicians from New York (state)
2218:
2208:
2207:
698:"Overview of the Gerson Regimen"
142:Gerson therapy, a dietary-based
2310:Pseudoscientific diet advocates
1110:Lowell, James (February 1986).
1022:International Journal of Cancer
565:On-line link to this report at
1723:Advocates and cookbook authors
399:alternative medical literature
308:In addition, patients receive
1:
2290:University of Freiburg alumni
2285:University of Würzburg alumni
1376:Questionable Cancer Therapies
959:Cassileth, Barrie R. (2010).
919:. Springer. pp. 95–112.
128:
2280:University of Breslau alumni
1246:Food and Drug Administration
373:randomized controlled trials
156:alternative cancer treatment
144:alternative cancer treatment
925:10.1007/978-3-030-05855-5_7
896:. March 9, 1959. p. 29
819:". Accessed March 22, 2011.
569:. Accessed 17 October 2012.
2326:
2305:Plant-based diet advocates
1260:Clinic Practice Guidelines
1116:Nutrition Forum Newsletter
866:. Routledge. p. 222.
2202:
2045:Pritikin Longevity Center
1145:National Cancer Institute
1141:"Gerson Therapy Overview"
773:10.3322/canjclin.23.5.314
636:National Cancer Institute
632:"Gerson Therapy: History"
521:"What is Gerson therapy?"
427:National Cancer Institute
385:National Cancer Institute
245:Gerson therapy believe a
175:National Cancer Institute
41:
1995:Adventist Health Studies
1167:"What Gerson therapy is"
1076:American Cinematographer
839:The Skeptic's Dictionary
2081:Plant-based action plan
1298:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
860:Hess, David J. (2004).
815:April 25, 2013, at the
806:American Cancer Society
722:Lyman, Gary H. (2015).
669:American Cancer Society
422:American Cancer Society
1589:Christopher D. Gardner
1266:July 21, 2008, at the
982:Abby S. Bloch (1990).
519:Schwarcz, Joe (2017).
209:and nerve diseases in
2270:People from Wągrowiec
1890:Arnold Schwarzenegger
1471:Planetary health diet
1177:on September 30, 2012
342:San Diego, California
255:malpractice insurance
181:Early life and career
2102:Vegetarian nutrition
1745:Dawn Jackson Blatner
1649:Palaniappan Manickam
1446:Lacto-ovo vegetarian
253:. In 1953, Gerson's
240:In the United States
102:American (from 1942)
1850:Joanne Lee Molinaro
1147:. September 6, 2007
1016:Weitzman S (1998).
832:(January 6, 2014).
638:. February 26, 2010
611:(4): 252–255. 1990.
347:Campylobacter fetus
299:dietary supplements
193:(Wągrowiec, now in
2017:The Longevity Diet
1845:Hetty Lui McKinnon
1569:Caldwell Esselstyn
1456:Mediterranean diet
1203:. January 10, 2023
1201:Cancer Research UK
1171:Cancer Research UK
1056:Gerson Institute,
893:The New York Times
766:(5): 314–7. 1973.
437:Cancer Research UK
381:anecdotal evidence
2232:
2231:
1975:The Game Changers
1951:Forks Over Knives
1938:
1937:
1795:Robert Downey Jr.
1775:Suzy Amis Cameron
1714:Ellsworth Wareham
1654:John A. McDougall
1539:T. Colin Campbell
1417:Plant-based diets
995:978-0-8342-0132-3
934:978-3-030-05855-5
810:Metabolic Therapy
675:on April 20, 2009
525:McGill University
486:Chelation therapy
474:Jessica Ainscough
451:Continued use of
318:hydrogen peroxide
267:conspiracy theory
207:internal medicine
149:
148:
125:Years active
69:Province of Posen
16:(Redirected from
2317:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2210:
2128:Herbs and spices
1959:PlantPure Nation
1905:Hannah Sunderani
1895:Jessica Seinfeld
1860:David H. Murdock
1659:Tracye McQuirter
1619:David J. Jenkins
1519:
1496:Sustainable diet
1441:Lacto vegetarian
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1197:"Gerson therapy"
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1173:. Archived from
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834:"Gerson Therapy"
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704:. March 18, 2009
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671:. Archived from
665:"Gerson Therapy"
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61:October 18, 1881
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2066:Fermented foods
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2001:The China Study
1987:
1981:
1967:What the Health
1934:
1930:Robert O. Young
1910:Deborah Szekely
1790:Rosanna Davison
1760:Brendan Brazier
1750:Carleigh Bodrug
1718:
1684:Nathan Pritikin
1604:Julieanna Hever
1534:Will Bulsiewicz
1529:Neal D. Barnard
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1451:Low-carbon diet
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1694:Terry Shintani
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1639:Susan M. Levin
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1481:Portfolio diet
1478:
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1461:Ovo vegetarian
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1335:External links
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1228:Medical Mayhem
1214:
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1028:(S11): 69–72.
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965:Cancer Network
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491:List of diets
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191:German Empire
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160:coffee enemas
157:
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105:
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97:
92:
91:New York City
83:March 8, 1959
82:
78:
74:
73:German Empire
70:
66:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2206:
2163:Whole grains
2054:Key concepts
2015:
2007:
1999:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1865:Toni Okamoto
1830:Max La Manna
1820:Richa Hingle
1765:Dan Buettner
1740:Mark Bittman
1699:Sheil Shukla
1664:Gemma Newman
1644:Valter Longo
1593:
1579:Joel Fuhrman
1554:Alan Desmond
1544:Brenda Davis
1491:Sattvic diet
1353:(1): 37–40.
1350:
1346:
1324:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1296:
1286:
1274:
1262:, page 182.
1255:
1238:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1222:Hills, Ben.
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1200:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1115:
1105:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:
1065:
1052:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1001:November 23,
999:. Retrieved
984:
977:
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916:
910:
898:. Retrieved
891:
882:
862:
855:
843:. Retrieved
837:
824:
763:
759:
723:
718:
706:. Retrieved
677:. Retrieved
673:the original
640:. Retrieved
608:
604:
552:
548:
524:
514:
501:Belle Gibson
472:
468:
465:
457:constipation
450:
446:
419:
407:
405:the claims.
388:
377:testimonials
370:
345:
326:
307:
292:
279:
276:
264:
250:
243:
215:tuberculosis
184:
173:(1958). The
170:
168:
164:ozone enemas
151:
150:
85:(1959-03-08)
29:
2250:1959 deaths
2245:1881 births
1885:Derek Sarno
1875:Steve Pilot
1870:Darin Olien
1825:Daniel Humm
1800:Marta Dymek
1704:Tim Spector
1689:Megan Rossi
1674:Dean Ornish
1669:Jack Norris
1584:Kristi Funk
1564:Gidon Eshel
1549:Garth Davis
1476:Pollotarian
1466:Pescetarian
1431:Flexitarian
1244:. The U.S.
1242:septicaemia
1181:October 22,
900:November 8,
395:case series
225:. When the
132: 1909
99:Citizenship
18:Gerson diet
2239:Categories
2189:Plant milk
2158:Vegetables
1920:Nisha Vora
1900:Gene Stone
1840:Ella Mills
1780:Hannah Che
1730:Eric Adams
1679:Jane Plant
1609:Simon Hill
1594:Max Gerson
1559:Hans Diehl
1506:Vegetarian
1436:Fruitarian
1380:Quackwatch
1281:, page 196
1207:August 28,
1120:Quackwatch
1058:gerson.org
830:Carroll RT
567:CDC Stacks
507:References
414:Quackwatch
379:and other
314:castor oil
247:conspiracy
187:Wongrowitz
152:Max Gerson
117:Occupation
65:Wongrowitz
57:1881-10-18
36:Max Gerson
2090:Nutrition
1925:Joe Yonan
1785:Joe Cross
1624:Joel Kahn
1486:Raw vegan
1304:April 22,
1151:April 22,
1125:April 22,
943:133344385
708:April 22,
679:April 22,
642:March 31,
410:San Diego
403:reproduce
211:Bielefeld
120:Physician
2213:Category
1915:Jeeca Uy
1369:18302909
1325:ABC News
1264:Archived
1233:March 6,
969:Archived
845:April 1,
813:Archived
790:35027868
529:Archived
480:See also
367:Evidence
338:comatose
287:detoxify
219:migraine
2224:Commons
1988:studies
1709:Mia Syn
1378:, from
1360:2630257
1081:July 2,
1044:9876483
782:4202045
561:6789105
461:colitis
390:in vivo
357:Tijuana
303:juicing
203:Wrocław
2184:Coffee
2148:Tempeh
2020:(2018)
2012:(2015)
2004:(2005)
1986:Books,
1978:(2018)
1970:(2017)
1962:(2015)
1954:(2011)
1515:People
1367:
1357:
1042:
992:
941:
931:
870:
788:
780:
730:
559:
453:enemas
448:harm.
234:Vienna
223:cancer
195:Poland
93:, U.S.
2179:Cacao
2172:Drink
2143:Seeds
2123:Fruit
2118:Beans
1943:Films
1501:Vegan
1424:Diets
939:S2CID
786:S2CID
334:liver
322:ozone
261:Death
227:Nazis
134:–1958
2153:Tofu
2138:Nuts
2111:Food
1365:PMID
1306:2009
1235:2008
1209:2024
1183:2012
1153:2009
1127:2009
1083:2018
1040:PMID
1003:2012
990:ISBN
929:ISBN
902:2020
868:ISBN
847:2014
778:PMID
728:ISBN
710:2009
681:2009
644:2010
557:PMID
459:and
420:The
330:calf
316:and
80:Died
51:Born
2194:Tea
1355:PMC
1030:doi
921:doi
808:. "
768:doi
332:'s
320:or
2241::
1363:.
1349:.
1345:.
1323:.
1295:.
1237:.
1226:.
1199:.
1169:.
1143:.
1118:.
1114:.
1074:.
1038:.
1026:78
1024:.
1020:.
967:.
963:.
951:^
937:.
927:.
890:.
836:.
798:^
784:.
776:.
764:23
762:.
758:.
739:^
700:.
689:^
667:.
652:^
634:.
617:^
609:40
607:.
603:.
574:^
553:30
551:.
537:^
527:.
523:.
312:,
305:.
189:,
162:,
129:c.
71:,
67:,
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1395:v
1371:.
1351:6
1327:.
1308:.
1211:.
1185:.
1155:.
1129:.
1099:.
1085:.
1046:.
1032::
1005:.
945:.
923::
904:.
876:.
849:.
792:.
770::
712:.
683:.
646:.
563:.
349:.
59:)
55:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
