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81:, as "the pretty daughter of a baker here." The play was staged locally. Drama critics who came from London to preview the play gave Bugler glowing reviews for her angelic beauty and her naturalistic style of acting. The Daily News of 20 November 1913 reported that "the performance will probably be remembered by most people as a setting for the debut of Miss Gertrude Bugler" and suggested she might one day play Tess. In 1914, she played the Waiting Maid in
176:. The Daily Mail described is as "less a play in the accepted sense than four outstanding episodes ... told in the language of the book", and reported that the production's "beauty ... lay chiefly in the acting of Tess by Mrs Gertrude Bugler". The Yorkshire Post likewise reported that the script was "in many cases apparently reproduced from the text" and that Bugler "adds that role to the several of the Wessex heroines in which she has made successes."
284:
performance progressed. The
Illustrated London News attributed this to the play itself coming to life in later scenes where "the best-trained artist could not be more sincere or more poignantly effective". The Civil and Military Gazette added that "in the heart-breakingly moving finale at Stonehenge she recaptures for us, just for a few moments, the fleeting haunting beauty of the book."
250:
59:. Hardy then moved to London to pursue his successful writing career and did not see her again until he returned to Dorchester in 1913. Hardy, then age 72, had returned to his old home to work on dramatizations of his novels. By this time, Augusta had been married and was running a hotel where Hardy set up house and used as a headquarters for his theatrical troupe called
106:– strongly positive, others – including the Daily News – more mixed. The Dorset County Chronicle devoted two columns to its review, reporting that "The 'star' of the company, Miss Gertrude Bugler, naturally and deservedly shone above all others..." and that her voice "conquered the echoes of a very difficult building." In 1921 the Hardy Players performed
53:(the hometown of Thomas Hardy). Gertrude was the daughter of Augusta, a hotelier and confectioner. When previously working as a milkmaid, Augusta had attracted the attention of the young Thomas Hardy, before he became a writer. Hardy was too shy to approach Augusta, but in 1890 he had used her as the model for the heroine in his novel
168:
and cast Bugler in the title role. Interviewed about her role, Bugler said that the character was controversial. "A friend of my father was shocked ... Even to-day there are people who think I am not quite nice to appear in 'Tess'," though the Leeds
Mercury responded that acting is about "imaginative
301:
Are we to assume that every hunchback is a potential
Richard the Third? That acting is merely an accident of birth or a matter of appearance? That the art of being natural is to ignore technique? It must in fairness be recorded that the majority of an enthusiastic audience appeared to answer these
283:
Later reviews continued in similar vein. Vaughan Dryden, in the
Sporting Times, referred to her "nervous tension", and the "resentment and jealousy ... out-of-work professional actresses". The Stage reviewer was critical but more positive, drawing attention to her becoming more expressive as the
287:
Bugler's inclusion in the cast inspired longer articles on wider topics. For example
Herbert Farjeon wrote a full-page essay in The Graphic beginning: "The revival of Tess of the D'Urbervilles at the Duke of York's Theatre brings me face to face with those two fearsome questions – What is a good
279:
Following the first night on 23 July 1924, newspaper reviews continued to note her authentic background as (in the language of the time) a farmer's wife, a farmer's daughter, or a tradesman's daughter. They praised aspects of her performance but lamented her lack of training in performing and in
280:
responding to the audience. They also commented on contrasts in style between her approach and that of the professional cast members giving an inconsistent overall effect. The most positive first-night reviews were enthusiastic about her natural approach and her popularity with the audience.
322:
After enjoying her moment in the sun, Bugler, now married with a daughter and an ailing mother (who later died in 1940), stopped acting and returned to
Dorchester, living to the age of 95. She maintained an interest in the theatre. In 1930 she
189:. They had been introduced to each other at a Dorchester rehearsal and he then wrote to her in January 1925 inviting her to play 'Tess' in a series of matinées provisionally scheduled for April or May. Around the same time, Hardy approved a new
184:
The success of the 1924 performances in
Dorchester raised expectations of a London production. Hardy made plans to take the play to London with Bugler in the lead role. She was then approached by Frederick Harrison who leased and managed the
1009:
Dimery, Martin (9 January 1992). "A curtain call for Hardy's own Tess; At 94, the woman Thomas Hardy chose to play Tess in the stage adaptation of his best-known novel talks to Martin Dimery about her brief, brilliant acting career".
216:
Hardy's relationship with Bugler is often revisited by later biographers and critics. For example
Michael Millgate accepts that Dugdale was distressed by Hardy's (unquestioned) infatuation. Christopher Nicholson turned the story into
169:
interpretation", not "autobiographical expression" so Bugler would "live down the prejudice". Another interviewee was concerned about how London critics, drawn to
Dorchester by Hardy's name, would respond to an amateur production.
292:
lamented that "so much has been lost in the adaptation for the stage that nothing producer or player can do makes sufficient compensation" and "the unwisdom of rooting up an amateur actress from her surroundings." "Trinculo" in
1289:
Reviews published 24 June 1929 include: Sheffield Daily
Telegraph p5; Devon and Exeter Gazette p8; Daily Mirror p2; Aberdeen Press and Journal p7; The Daily Herald p7; Daily News and Westminster Gazette p8; Daily Chronicle
200:
had been jealous of Hardy's affection for Bugler even though he was at that point 83 years old and Bugler was 26 and married. Dugdale forbade the bringing of the Buglers to the London production. Hardy had envisaged
237:
in the Hardy Society Journal, Keith Wilson concludes that Hardy may have been unwisely admiring and protective of Bugler but blames the gossip about their relationship on "the allure of
432:
968:
Dimery, Martin (12 March 1998). "Hardy's Tess: Martin Dimery remembers the amateur actress Gertrude Bugler who was hand-picked by Thomas Hardy to star in his West End play".
134:. They were married on 11 September 1921. They continued farming in Beaminster. Bugler spent the next three years away from the stage. In 1923, she appeared in a local play
261:. Woodhall attributes Dugdale's change of heart to guilt over her 1924 intervention. The role garnered praise for her sensitive performance and natural charm. However,
86:
1422:
Clifford, Simon (11 August 1992). "Tess of the D'Urbervilles is dead. Loyal Gertrude, 95 carries into eternity the sweet secrets of Hardy's unrequited love".
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always maintained that the relationship was platonic. She wrote that Florence's "insane jealousy of my sister was all in her mind". In his scathing review of
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Advance publicity emphasised Bugler's authentic background, her connection with Hardy, and the status of other cast members including
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but withdrew when she became pregnant. Her first baby was stillborn, but the couple went on to have a daughter Diana in March 1924.
1575:
173:
1505:"The London Stage 1920-1929: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel", (J. P. Wearing, Rowman & Littlefield).
1152:"Norrie Woodhall: Obituaries. Dorset poultry farmer and amateur actress who was the last surviving link with Thomas Hardy".
307:
868:"Dorchester folk to play Tess – Thomas hardy to be in the audience – Day kept secret – Local girl as the tragic heroine".
114:
in London. The Times and Directory newspaper noted that Bugler’s "acting was extremely good for an amateur performance".
1487:"Personal recollections of Thomas Hardy", (Gertrude Bugler, The Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1962)
269:
164:
55:
1545:"Mrs Gertrude Bugler: Framed photograph of Gertrude Bugler as Tess in Tess of the D'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy, 1929"
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276:. There was however scepticism that an amateur actress could hold her own in a professional production.
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371:"Why Hardy helped the Hardy Players or how Gertrude made a dream come true: A suggested explanation"
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After Hardy's death in 1928, Dugdale invited Bugler to play Tess in a 1929 London production at the
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Players. In 1939, she gave a talk on the radio titled "Thomas Hardy at Max Gate", part of a series
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The play had a successful run of sixty performances. After finishing its run, the play toured to
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Augusta's daughter, Gertrude Bugler, then 16, joined the troupe in 1913, playing Marty South in
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496:
Dimery, Martin (10 August 1992). "The toast of Casterbridge: Obituary: Gertrude Bugler".
1493:"Thomas Hardy: A Biography Revisited", (Michael Millgate, Oxford University Press, 2004)
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918:"Tess on the stage – Hardy's play produced for the first time – In her native Wessex".
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In July 1921, Bugler announced her betrothal to a cousin, Ernest Bugler, a farmer in
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1073:
Millgate, Michael. "Thomas Hardy: the biographical sources". In Kramer, Dale (ed.).
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950:"Stage version of Tess – Successful production – the Hardy Players at Dorchester".
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F.J.H. (20 November 1920). "The Return of the Native: The players and the place".
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The London Stage 1920-1929: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel
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741:"From land girl to tragedienne: Amateur "star" in Hardy play tells her story".
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states that the reviews were decidedly mixed, a view shared by Bugler herself.
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339:, published by The Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society in 1962.
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Farjeon, Herbert (3 August 1929). "The London Stage: The Tess from Wessex".
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a play for Beaminster Show. In 1938 she was "coaching and casting" for the
98:. The Daily Mirror described her as a "country maid with talents worthy of
565:
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328:
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Returning in 1920, Hardy cast her in the leading role of Eustacia Vye in
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Wilson, Keith (2014). "Reviewed work: Winter by Christopher Nicholson".
370:
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311:
102:". The Bournemouth Guardian review quoted others, some – including the
77:. Hardy met her at a rehearsal and later described her, in a letter to
1496:"Thomas Hardy: The Guarded Life", (Ralph Pite, York University Press)
1490:"The Life of Thomas Hardy: A Critical Biography", (Paul Turner, 2001)
1377:
294:
641:. Dorchester: The Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society.
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Rowe, Tina (4 June 1993). "Passions rise over Hardy and his Tess".
248:
153:
121:
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Dryden, Vaughan (27 July 1927). "The ordeal of Gertrude Bugler".
1177:
Norrie's Tale: An Autobiography of the Last of the Hardy Players
142:. Also in 1923 she was due to appear in a play based on Hardy's
455:
401:
1052:"Letter from Gertrude Bugler to Thomas Hardy, 4 February 1925"
1439:"Beaminster vegetable & flower show: Show attractions".
433:"The Complete Poetical Works of Thomas Hardy, vols. 4 and 5"
1375:"Trinculo" (21 August 1929). "Tess of the d'Urbervilles".
1517:"Obituaries : Gertrude Bugler; Stage Star of 'Tess'"
1499:"Thomas Hardy: The Time-torn Man", (Claire Tomalin, 2002)
193:
edition of the book illustrated with pictures of Bugler.
172:
The play opened in Dorchester on 26 November 1924 at the
1026:"Woman Chosen by Thomas Hardy to Play 'Tess' Dies at 95"
654:
The Collected Letters of Thomas Hardy, Vol. 4: 1909-1913
790:"Hardy Players in London: "The Return of the Native"".
652:
Purdy, Richard Little; Millgate, Michael, eds. (1984).
85:. In 1918, she appeared with her parents and sister in
844:
Bugler, Gertrude (13 July 1929). "The modern rustic".
209:
had enquired about it, but it was eventually taken by
824:"Miss Gertrude Bugler, the country girl actress...".
1345:"Farmer's wife as stage heroine: Hardy's own Tess".
314:, after which Bugler and two other actors withdrew.
863:
861:
859:
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521:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 357–375,
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777:Dorset County Chronicle and Somersetshire Gazette
33:(1897 – 1992) was a British stage actress of the
1502:"The Pessimism of Thomas Hardy", (G. W. Sherman)
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775:"The new Hardy play: The Return of the Native".
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456:"Thomas Hardy on Stage by Keith Wilson (review)"
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89:, taking the part of schoolmistress Fancy Day.
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883:"Stoke Abbot play: Work of Miss Myra Lovett".
335:. Bugler later wrote about her experiences in
205:playing Tess if Bugler declined the role, and
1315:"Duke of Yourk's Tess of the d'Urbervilles".
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513:Pinion, F. B. (1992), Pinion, F. B. (ed.),
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406:English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920
1454:"These players have their own authoress".
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37:best known for acting in plays adapted by
1077:. Cambridge University Press. p. 15.
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288:play? What is good acting?" "G.F.H." in
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1075:The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy
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225:included the story in her retelling of
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639:Personal recollections of Thomas Hardy
337:Personal Recollections of Thomas Hardy
7:
1050:Bugler, Gertrude (4 February 1925).
985:Millgate, Michael (12 August 1992).
49:Gertrude Bugler was born in 1897 in
1330:"A farmer's wife as Hardy's Tess".
63:, made up of local amateur actors.
519:Thomas Hardy: His Life and Friends
25:
811:The (Swanage) Times and Directory
1032:. 11 August 1992. Archived from
830:. 12 September 1921. p. 10.
679:My Father Produced Hardy's Plays
180:First London performance of Tess
1088:Nicholson, Christopher (2014).
924:. 27 November 1924. p. 10.
715:Thomas Hardy: The Time-torn Man
515:"Late Drama and T. E. Lawrence"
431:Williams, Merryn (1996-03-01).
221:, a romantic historical novel.
1334:. 10 August 1929. p. 272.
1158:. 29 October 2011. p. 31.
954:. 27 November 1924. p. 6.
939:. 27 November 1924. p. 8.
935:"Hardy Players produce Tess".
904:. 25 November 1924. p. 5.
872:. 21 November 1924. p. 9.
779:. 25 November 1920. p. 2.
764:. 18 November 1920. p. 6.
747:. 19 November 1920. p. 2.
595:. 17 November 1913. p. 3.
460:ESC: English Studies in Canada
1:
1381:. No. 1469. p. 347.
692:"Gertrude Bugler; Obituary".
302:questions in the affirmative"
1531:"Norrie Woodhall (obituary)"
1469:"Broadcasting: Programmes".
1411:. 29 August 1929. p. 5.
1396:. 15 August 1929. p. 8.
1349:. 11 August 1929. p. 3.
527:10.1007/978-1-349-13594-3_27
272:as "the sinister" Alec, and
1443:. 8 August 1930. p. 7.
1319:. 25 July 1929. p. 16.
1279:. 20 July 1929. p. 11.
987:"Obituary: Gertrude Bugler"
809:"Hardy Players betrothal".
681:. Toucan Press. p. 17.
656:. Oxford University Press.
369:Travell, John C. T (2015).
308:King's Theatre, Hammersmith
229:. However, Bugler's sister
1602:
1458:. 26 May 1938. p. 20.
1347:Civil and Military Gazette
1227:. 18 July 1929. p. 4.
887:. 23 June 1923. p. 7.
758:"Finding herself famous".
1473:. 7 June 1939. p. 8.
1409:The Derby Daily Telegraph
1092:. London: Fourth Estate.
813:. 2 July 1921. p. 3.
637:Bugler, Gertrude (1962).
592:The Daily News and Leader
556:Harvey, Geoffrey (2003).
375:The Hardy Society Journal
165:Tess of the d'Urbervilles
138:in the rectory garden in
112:Guildhall School of Music
56:Tess of the d'Urbervilles
1247:Rowman & Littlefield
898:"A girl and the stage".
885:The Hampshire Advertiser
454:Dalziel, Pamela (1988).
158:Dorchester Corn Exchange
1576:British stage actresses
1394:Dorset County Chronicle
1332:Illustrated London News
1273:"Amateur competition".
1225:Dorset County Chronicle
245:1929 London performance
162:In 1924, Hardy adapted
150:1924 Tess in Dorchester
126:Stinsford parish church
1056:Hardy's Correspondents
761:Yorkshire Evening Post
677:Evans, Evelyn (1964).
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259:Duke of York's Theatre
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253:Duke of York's Theatre
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1407:"Tess goes on tour".
1202:Hardy Society Journal
796:) Times and Directory
566:10.4324/9780203422939
472:10.1353/esc.1988.0011
400:Bies, Werner (1978).
333:The House and the Man
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211:Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies
207:Lady Forbes-Robertson
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27:British stage actress
1471:Western Morning News
1223:"Notes and topics".
1179:. Mrs Devina Symes.
1060:University of Exeter
611:Bournemouth Guardian
402:"A Glimpse of Hardy"
108:Return of the Native
95:Return of the Native
1536:The Daily Telegraph
1425:Western Daily Press
1118:Western Daily Press
937:The Birmingham Post
870:The Daily Chronicle
589:"The Woodlanders".
310:and the Hippodrome
136:The Beaminster Road
87:The Mellstock Quire
1539:. 28 October 2011.
1276:The Sporting Times
1131:. Harper Collins.
798:. 5 February 1921.
255:
160:
144:Desperate Remedies
128:
67:Early performances
51:Dorchester, Dorset
1525:. 12 August 1992.
1522:Los Angeles Times
1099:978-0-00-751607-0
1036:on 21 April 2023.
696:. 12 August 1992.
536:978-1-349-13594-3
437:Notes and Queries
187:Haymarket Theatre
61:The Hardy Players
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613:. p. 1.
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39:Thomas Hardy
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1586:1897 births
1581:1992 deaths
1552:Collections
1362:The Graphic
717:. Penguin.
83:The Dynasts
1570:Categories
921:Daily Mail
343:References
318:Later life
290:The Sketch
132:Beaminster
104:Daily Mail
1317:The Stage
971:The Stage
694:The Times
480:1913-4835
418:1559-2715
387:1746-4617
191:MacMillan
100:Bernhardt
45:Biography
1241:(2014).
1210:page 107
1175:(2006).
1127:(1993).
713:(2002).
329:Melplash
325:produced
1030:AP News
794:Swanage
312:Margate
297:asked:
110:at the
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219:Winter
792:The (
542:3 Feb
1559:2023
1251:ISBN
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1129:Tess
1094:ISBN
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544:2023
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227:Tess
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241:".
41:.
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