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is pollinated primarily by bees, and less often by flies and beetles. As the flower matures, elongation of the stamens ensures it self-fertilises if not already cross-pollinated. The flowers' stigmas mature before the stamens. It begins flowering a little earlier than
386:
habitat in the UK. It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe. It is found throughout the
British Isles with the exception of south-east England, the Western Isles of Scotland and parts of the midlands and the west country.
374:
The plant is a native perennial of slow-draining or wet soils and can tolerate mildly acidic to calcareous conditions in full sun or under partial shade. Habitats include stream sides, pond edges, damp deciduous woodland and hay meadows.
403:, so early pollinations are within the gene-pool of the single species. The seeds of Water Avens are burr-like, and are distributed after being caught in the coats of rabbits and other small mammals, and by rhizomal growth.
237:. Other names of the plant are nodding avens, drooping avens, cure-all, water flower and Indian chocolate. It is native to the temperate regions of Europe, Central Asia and parts of North America, where it is known as the
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1406:
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1149:
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and north-western Iran. It is also native to northern
Ukraine and the central and northern parts of European Russia, Western Siberia up to the
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Atlas florae
Europaeae, distribution of vascular plants in Europe. 13: Rosaceae (Spiraea to Fragaria, excl. Rubus)
1185:
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and western France; on the
Italian Peninsula, it is found in scattered locations in the northern and central
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is widespread in Europe, particularly in the northern and central parts. It is found throughout the
707:. Helsinki: Committee for mapping the flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica. p. 143.
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41:
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Ellis, M. B. & J. P. (1997). Microfungi on Land Plants: An
Identification Handbook.
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772:(in Bulgarian). Vol. V. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. p. 197.
768:
Asenov, I. (1973). "Omajniče – Geum L.". In Vǎlev, Stoju; Asenov, Ivan (eds.).
938:
1063:
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786:(in Russian). Vol. 10. Moscow/Leningrad: AN SSSR. 1941. pp. 242–3.
357:
349:
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296:, while on the Iberian Peninsula it is restricted between 1000 m and 2200
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is also native to a broad region in Canada and the United States.
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region in the east, as well as parts of
Central Asia (the
249:, and produces nodding red flowers from May to September.
733:
Vergleichende
Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora.
276:, and much of Central Europe (up to elevations of 2400
939:
Video and commentary on Geum urbanum and Geum rivale
703:
Kurtto, Arto; Lampinen, Raino; Junikka, Leo (2004).
956:
422:. Yellow spots on the living leaf may be caused by
324:in the south. It is found in the mountains of the
586:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64314072A67729601.en
731:Meusel, Hermann; Jäger, E.; Weinert, E. (1965).
449:as they are closely related and occur together.
452:In North America it is known to hybridise with
328:(in Bulgaria its altitudinal range is 1200–2100
8:
824:
822:
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31:
20:
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677:. Book Club Associates. p. 256 pp.
795:
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627:United States Department of Agriculture
553:
493:
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698:
696:
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7:
770:Flora na Narodna Republika BÇŽlgarija
227:, is a flowering plant in the genus
1407:IUCN Red List least concern species
674:The Concise British Flora in Colour
572:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
380:purple moor grass and rush pastures
14:
445:hybridises fairly regularly with
1325:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:725355-1
924:
536:
520:
508:
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75:
316:Systems, and the mountains of
1:
655:Connecticut Botanical Society
735:. Jena: Fischer. T532, K220.
647:"Water Avens (Purple Avens)
1422:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1438:
880:"First Nature wildflowers"
757:. Vol. 6. p. 80.
16:Species of flowering plant
288:). It is absent from the
199:
192:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1417:Plants described in 1753
579:: e.T64314072A67729601.
458:(the hybrid being named
384:Biodiversity Action Plan
805:Flora of North America
561:Maiz-Tome, L. (2016).
378:It is a component of
935:at Wikimedia Commons
619:"Plants Profile for
855:"Biodiversity site"
830:"Wildseeds Website"
412:Podosphaera aphanis
272:, Scandinavia, the
42:Conservation status
746:LaĂnz, M. (1998).
623:L. (purple avens)"
460:Geum Ă— aurantiacum
409:is parasitised by
233:within the family
1394:
1393:
1251:Open Tree of Life
950:Taxon identifiers
929:Media related to
714:978-951-9108-14-8
481:Geum macrophyllum
468:Geum macrophyllum
322:Sierra de Cazorla
284:and 2,100 in the
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503:Group of plants
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477:Geum Ă— pervale
455:Geum aleppicum
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241:. It grows in
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886:on 2008-05-16
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807:. eFloras.org
806:
802:
801:"Geum rivale"
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657:. 2005-11-13.
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57:Least Concern
47:
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899:
888:. Retrieved
884:the original
874:
863:. Retrieved
859:the original
849:
838:. Retrieved
834:the original
809:. Retrieved
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630:. Retrieved
620:
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590:. Retrieved
576:
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488:
485:macrophyllum
484:
480:
479:), and with
476:
472:
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459:
453:
451:
446:
442:Geum urbanum
440:
439:
430:downy mildew
423:
410:
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257:
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253:Distribution
239:purple avens
238:
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95:
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1266:Geum_rivale
1199:NatureServe
1124:iNaturalist
988:Geum rivale
982:Wikispecies
958:Geum rivale
932:Geum rivale
649:Geum rivale
621:Geum rivale
592:27 November
565:Geum rivale
447:Geum rivale
407:Geum rivale
396:Geum rivale
364:Geum rivale
336:, northern
302:Cantabrians
286:Carpathians
258:Geum rivale
225:water avens
220:Geum rivale
203:Geum rivale
115:Angiosperms
25:Geum rivale
1401:Categories
1368:WisFlora:
1294:Plant List
890:2009-05-11
865:2009-05-11
840:2009-05-11
811:22 January
784:Flora SSSR
632:2007-04-20
549:References
473:perincisum
401:G. urbanum
356:areas and
354:Tarbagatai
1090:200010867
1077:200010867
748:"Geum L."
358:Tian Shan
350:Dzungaria
300:m in the
294:Apennines
280:m in the
245:and damp
179:Species:
85:Kingdom:
1358:VASCAN:
1351:27800073
1346:Tropicos
1263:PalDat:
1204:2.128845
1168:64314072
1142:725355-1
996:BioLib:
967:Wikidata
671:(1972).
465:), with
417:conidial
352:and the
338:Anatolia
334:Caucasus
332:m), the
306:Pyrenees
235:Rosaceae
161:Rosaceae
157:Family:
128:Eudicots
62:IUCN 3.1
1299:rjp-357
1186:MoBotPF
1103:5369701
973:Q161625
529:peloric
527:Pseudo-
515:Flowers
436:Hybrids
391:Ecology
370:Habitat
314:Central
310:Iberian
270:Iceland
247:meadows
167:Genus:
151:Rosales
147:Order:
89:Plantae
60: (
1307:PLANTS
1276:640901
1256:829919
1230:148897
1191:286350
1116:431619
1064:179366
1038:231260
1012:288842
711:
681:
543:Fruits
531:flower
346:Angara
330:
308:, the
298:
278:
266:Faroes
264:, the
223:, the
141:Rosids
1312:GERI2
1283:PFI:
1155:24659
1129:55750
1059:EUNIS
1051:GEURI
1025:3FYD8
999:39861
751:(PDF)
483:var.
471:var.
342:Sayan
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
1412:Geum
1371:3706
1361:8772
1338:7979
1320:POWO
1286:2013
1243:2543
1225:NCBI
1178:2488
1163:IUCN
1150:ITIS
1137:IPNI
1111:GRIN
1098:GBIF
1046:EPPO
1007:BOLD
813:2022
709:ISBN
679:ISBN
594:2023
577:2016
487:(as
475:(as
428:– a
415:– a
320:and
312:and
282:Alps
243:bogs
230:Geum
172:Geum
1379:WFO
1333:RHS
1212:NBN
1085:FoC
1072:FNA
1033:EoL
1020:CoL
581:doi
491:).
360:).
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868:.
843:.
815:.
717:.
687:.
651:"
635:.
596:.
583::
567:"
563:"
344:–
64:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
