983:
56:
31:
177:
795:
405:
Ghost frogs have morphological adaptations suited to surviving on the rocks around these streams. They only come out on full moons. They are medium-sized frogs, reaching a length of 6 cm (2.4 in), with flat bodies, enabling them to climb inside rocky crevices. They have very large toe discs
426:
are amongst the most remarkable and unusual species on the planet and yet an alarming 85% of the top 100 are receiving little or no conservation attention." Due to the very ancient origins and deep genetic divergence of
Heleophrynidae, the
1140:
1166:
410:
contain in their mouths, the mouthparts are modified into sucking discs, to allow them to cling to substrates, and remain still while they are feeding.
1114:
1153:
536:"Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary"
1245:
673:
518:
534:
Feng, Yan-Jie; Blackburn, David C.; Liang, Dan; Hillis, David M.; Wake, David B.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Peng (2017-07-18).
704:
1062:
1158:
55:
1075:
647:
1171:
794:
1240:
1230:
831:
816:
361:
1002:
836:
337:
132:
1080:
1235:
1192:
488:
206:
164:
1067:
455:
271:. In contrast, more recent taxonomic studies place them as being the most basal extant members of the
1101:
1049:
629:
604:
547:
428:
385:
325:
406:
in comparison to their size, which helps to cling onto rocks. With the help of the labial teeth the
234:
1040:
854:
697:
422:(EDGE) identified nature's most "weird, wonderful and endangered species", stating that "the EDGE
349:
50:
1197:
1179:
1088:
669:
583:
565:
514:
1145:
1184:
894:
869:
761:
573:
555:
373:
300:
276:
275:
and having no close relatives, having diverged from the rest of the
Neobatrachia during the
225:
194:
38:
1207:
30:
964:
924:
909:
551:
479:
Dubois, Alain (July 2005). "Amphibia Mundi. 1.1. An ergotaxonomy of recent amphibians".
1054:
949:
944:
939:
904:
889:
874:
864:
779:
774:
690:
578:
535:
264:
233:. The common name of "ghost frogs" may have been coined because of their occurrence in
1224:
959:
803:
682:
291:
149:
176:
1093:
987:
969:
934:
919:
859:
846:
821:
811:
419:
272:
256:
248:
230:
210:
117:
492:
1127:
1034:
929:
769:
316:
219:
159:
884:
423:
252:
569:
954:
879:
784:
751:
745:
560:
97:
67:
1025:
587:
229:, with seven species. Ghost frogs live in swift-moving mountain streams in
1019:
739:
733:
268:
260:
87:
914:
826:
407:
1132:
727:
77:
1119:
996:
247:
The ghost frogs were formerly thought to be closely related to the
214:
198:
714:
509:
Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.).
107:
1000:
686:
1106:
456:"Heleophrynidae Noble, 1931 | Amphibian Species of the World"
599:
597:
666:
Encyclopedia of
Reptiles & Amphibians Second Edition
1009:
845:
802:
760:
630:"Giant newt, tiny frog identified as most at risk"
664:Cogger, H.G.; R.G. Zweifel; D. Kirschner (2004).
267:, which are now thought to be a sister group to
540:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
513:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 104–105.
420:Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered
698:
8:
997:
705:
691:
683:
184:Distribution of Heleophrynidae (in black)
175:
29:
20:
577:
559:
511:Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians
444:
504:
502:
7:
450:
448:
628:Lovell, Jeremy (21 January 2008).
205:. They are thought to be the most
14:
435:) was listed as #11 on the list.
981:
793:
54:
279:, about 140 million years ago.
255:(which are now thought to be a
1:
648:"World's weirdest amphibians"
460:amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org
213:. The family consists of two
605:"Table Mountain Ghost Frog"
1262:
1246:Amphibians of South Africa
978:
791:
722:
429:Table Mountain ghost frog
183:
174:
145:
140:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
305:Hadromophryne natalensis
263:), or to the Australian
43:Hadromophryne natalensis
561:10.1073/pnas.1704632114
414:EDGE endangered species
354:Heleophryne orientalis
1193:Paleobiology Database
418:On January 21, 2008,
717:families by suborder
487:(1/2). Paris: 1–24.
366:Heleophryne purcelli
362:Purcell's ghost frog
330:Heleophryne depressa
326:Cederberg ghost frog
201:, commonly known as
16:Family of amphibians
855:Amphignathodontidae
552:2017PNAS..114E5864F
546:(29): E5864–E5870.
342:Heleophryne hewitti
338:Hewitt's ghost frog
668:. Fog City Press.
654:. 21 January 2008.
350:Eastern ghost frog
1218:
1217:
1180:Open Tree of Life
1003:Taxon identifiers
994:
993:
609:EDGE of Existence
433:Heleophryne rosei
394:
390:Heleophryne rosei
386:Rose's ghost frog
382:
378:Heleophryne regis
370:
358:
346:
334:
322:
309:
297:
188:
187:
168:
155:
136:
1253:
1211:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1188:
1187:
1175:
1174:
1162:
1161:
1149:
1148:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1122:
1110:
1109:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1083:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1057:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1028:
998:
988:Frogs portal
986:
985:
984:
870:Brachycephalidae
797:
762:Archaeobatrachia
707:
700:
693:
684:
679:
656:
655:
644:
638:
637:
625:
619:
618:
616:
615:
601:
592:
591:
581:
563:
531:
525:
524:
506:
497:
496:
476:
470:
469:
467:
466:
452:
392:
380:
374:Royal ghost frog
368:
357:FitzSimons, 1946
356:
344:
333:FitzSimons, 1946
332:
320:
307:
301:Natal ghost frog
295:
277:Early Cretaceous
179:
163:
153:
131:
59:
58:
39:Natal ghost frog
33:
21:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1241:Frogs of Africa
1231:Heleophrynoidea
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1005:
995:
990:
982:
980:
974:
965:Rhinodermatidae
925:Leptodactylidae
841:
798:
789:
756:
718:
711:
676:
663:
660:
659:
646:
645:
641:
627:
626:
622:
613:
611:
603:
602:
595:
533:
532:
528:
521:
508:
507:
500:
478:
477:
473:
464:
462:
454:
453:
446:
441:
416:
403:
245:
130:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1189:
1176:
1163:
1150:
1137:
1124:
1111:
1098:
1085:
1072:
1068:Heleophrynidae
1059:
1055:Heleophrynidae
1046:
1041:Heleophrynidae
1031:
1015:
1013:
1011:Heleophrynidae
1007:
1006:
1001:
992:
991:
979:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Pyxicephalidae
947:
945:Petropedetidae
942:
940:Myobatrachidae
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
905:Hemiphractidae
902:
900:Heleophrynidae
897:
892:
890:Craugastoridae
887:
882:
877:
875:Brevicipitidae
872:
867:
865:Arthroleptidae
862:
857:
851:
849:
843:
842:
840:
839:
837:Rhinophrynidae
834:
832:Scaphiopodidae
829:
824:
819:
814:
808:
806:
800:
799:
792:
790:
788:
787:
785:Leiopelmatidae
782:
780:Discoglossidae
777:
775:Bombinatoridae
772:
766:
764:
758:
757:
755:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
723:
720:
719:
712:
710:
709:
702:
695:
687:
681:
680:
674:
658:
657:
639:
620:
593:
526:
519:
498:
471:
443:
442:
440:
437:
415:
412:
402:
399:
398:
397:
396:
395:
383:
371:
359:
347:
335:
312:
311:
310:
296:Van Dijk, 2008
284:Heleophrynidae
265:Myobatrachidae
244:
241:
235:Skeleton Gorge
191:Heleophrynidae
186:
185:
181:
180:
172:
171:
170:
169:
156:
154:Van Dijk, 2008
143:
142:
138:
137:
128:Heleophrynidae
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1258:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
989:
977:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
960:Rhacophoridae
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:Dendrobatidae
893:
891:
888:
886:
885:Centrolenidae
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:
804:Mesobatrachia
801:
796:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
763:
759:
753:
749:
747:
743:
741:
737:
735:
731:
729:
725:
724:
721:
716:
708:
703:
701:
696:
694:
689:
688:
685:
677:
675:1-877019-69-0
671:
667:
662:
661:
653:
649:
643:
640:
635:
631:
624:
621:
610:
606:
600:
598:
594:
589:
585:
580:
575:
571:
567:
562:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
530:
527:
522:
520:0-12-178560-2
516:
512:
505:
503:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:
472:
461:
457:
451:
449:
445:
438:
436:
434:
430:
425:
421:
413:
411:
409:
400:
391:
387:
384:
379:
375:
372:
369:Sclater, 1898
367:
363:
360:
355:
351:
348:
345:Boycott, 1988
343:
339:
336:
331:
327:
324:
323:
321:Sclater, 1898
319:
318:
313:
306:
302:
299:
298:
294:
293:
292:Hadromophryne
288:
287:
286:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
242:
240:
239:
236:
232:
228:
227:
226:Hadromophryne
222:
221:
216:
212:
209:group in the
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
182:
178:
173:
166:
162:
161:
157:
152:
151:
150:Hadromophryne
147:
146:
144:
139:
134:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1236:Neobatrachia
1010:
970:Sooglossidae
935:Microhylidae
920:Hyperoliidae
899:
860:Aromobatidae
847:Neobatrachia
812:Megophryidae
665:
652:the Guardian
651:
642:
633:
623:
612:. Retrieved
608:
543:
539:
529:
510:
484:
480:
474:
463:. Retrieved
459:
432:
417:
404:
393:Hewitt, 1925
389:
381:Hewitt, 1910
377:
365:
353:
341:
329:
315:
308:Hewitt, 1913
304:
290:
283:
281:
273:Neobatrachia
257:sister group
249:Sooglossidae
246:
237:
231:South Africa
224:
218:
211:Neobatrachia
202:
190:
189:
158:
148:
127:
118:Neobatrachia
42:
18:
1128:iNaturalist
1035:Wikispecies
930:Mantellidae
910:Hemisotidae
822:Pelodytidae
817:Pelobatidae
744:Superclass
317:Heleophryne
220:Heleophryne
203:ghost frogs
160:Heleophryne
24:Ghost frog
1225:Categories
770:Ascaphidae
738:Subphylum
614:2021-05-04
493:1319774213
465:2022-09-13
439:References
424:amphibians
253:Seychelles
114:Suborder:
880:Bufonidae
746:Tetrapoda
570:0027-8424
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
1020:Wikidata
752:Amphibia
740:Craniata
734:Chordata
728:Animalia
726:Kingdom
588:28673970
489:ProQuest
408:tadpoles
269:Hyloidea
261:Ranoidea
243:Taxonomy
124:Family:
98:Amphibia
88:Chordata
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
955:Ranidae
915:Hylidae
827:Pipidae
732:Phylum
713:Extant
634:Reuters
579:5530686
548:Bibcode
401:Biology
282:Family
251:of the
165:Sclater
141:Genera
104:Order:
94:Class:
1205:uBio:
1198:133800
1185:127159
1159:208063
1146:108824
1081:365276
1026:Q55470
750:Class
715:anuran
672:
586:
576:
568:
517:
491:
481:Alytes
314:Genus
289:Genus
215:genera
195:family
167:, 1898
135:, 1931
1208:31797
1172:30340
1141:IRMNG
1133:24463
1094:624QV
207:basal
199:frogs
193:is a
133:Noble
108:Anura
1167:NCBI
1154:ITIS
1120:3083
1115:GBIF
1107:1564
1076:BOLD
670:ISBN
584:PMID
566:ISSN
515:ISBN
223:and
1102:EoL
1089:CoL
1063:ASW
1050:ADW
574:PMC
556:doi
544:114
259:to
197:of
1227::
1195::
1182::
1169::
1156::
1143::
1130::
1117::
1104::
1091::
1078::
1065::
1052::
1037::
1022::
650:.
632:.
607:.
596:^
582:.
572:.
564:.
554:.
542:.
538:.
501:^
485:23
483:.
458:.
447:^
388:,
376:,
364:,
352:,
340:,
328:,
303:,
217:,
45:)
706:e
699:t
692:v
678:.
636:.
617:.
590:.
558::
550::
523:.
495:.
468:.
431:(
238:.
41:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
