497:, and together containing the records of some 646 dissections. Some of these are given at great length, and with a precision of statement and exhaustiveness of detail hardly surpassed in the so-called protocols of the German pathological institutes of the present time; others, again, are fragments brought in to elucidate some question that had arisen. The symptoms during the course of the malady and other antecedent circumstances are always prefixed with more or less fullness, and discussed from the point of view of the conditions found after death. Subjects in all ranks of life, including several cardinals, figure in this remarkable gallery of the dead. Many of the cases are taken from Morgagni's early experiences at Bologna, and from the records of his teachers Valsalva and I.F. Albertini (1662–1738) not elsewhere published. They are selected and arranged with method and purpose, and they are often (and somewhat casually) made the occasion of a long excursus on general pathology and medicine.
393:
517:, the besetting sin of the learned; and certainly the form and arrangement of his treatise are such as to make it difficult to use by subsequent practitioners, notwithstanding that it is well indexed in the original edition, in that of Tissot (3 vols., 4to, Yverdon, 1779), and in more recent editions. It differs from modern treatises insofar as the symptoms determine the order and manner of presenting the anatomical facts.
473:: it was largely a compilation of other men's cases, well and ill authenticated; it was prolix, often inaccurate and misleading from ignorance of the normal anatomy, and it was wanting in what would now be called objective impartiality, a quality which was introduced as decisively into morbid anatomy by Morgagni as it had been introduced two centuries earlier into normal human anatomy by Vesalius.
1022:
550:. His precision, his exhaustiveness, and his freedom from bias are his essentially modern or scientific qualities; his scholarship and high consideration for classical and foreign work, his sense of practical ends (or his common sense), and the breadth of his intellectual horizon prove him to have lived before medical science had become largely technical or mechanical.
415:
volumes, which during the succeeding ten years, notwithstanding its bulk, was reprinted several times (thrice in four years) in its original Latin, and was translated into French (1765, republished 1820), English (1769), and German languages (1771). In 1769, he gave possibly the first description of
242:
Morgagni succeeded to his anatomical demonstratorship. At this period he enjoyed a high repute in
Bologna; he was made president of the Academia Enquietorum when in his twenty-second year, and he is said to have signalized his tenure of the presidential chair by discouraging abstract speculations,
340:
Before he had been long in Padua the students of the German nation, of all the faculties there, elected him their patron, and he advised and assisted them in the purchase of a house to be a German library and club, for all time. He was elected into the imperial
Caesareo-Leopoldina Academy in 1708
553:
His treatise was the commencement of the era of steady, or cumulative progress in pathology and in practical medicine. From that time on, symptoms ceased to be made up into more or less conventional groups, each of which was a disease; on the other hand, they began to be viewed as the cry of the
505:
During his career as a physician he was careful to take extensive notes on many of his consultations. These writings allow the modern reader to observe his practice and description of the body through his own words. We are further able to examine the progress of
Morgagni's study of anatomy as it
485:
of Bonet, and it was suggested to
Morgagni by his dilettante friend that he should put on record his own observations. It was agreed that letters on the anatomy of diseased, organs and parts should be written for the perusal of this favoured youth (whose name is not mentioned); and they were
282:(1661–1730) being transferred to the vacant chair, and Morgagni succeeding to the chair of theoretical medicine. He came to Padua in the spring of 1712, being then in his thirty-first year, and he taught medicine there with the most brilliant success until his death on 6 December 1771.
546:, and treatment on an exact and comprehensive knowledge of anatomical conditions, he made no attempt (like that of the Vienna school sixty years later) to exalt pathological anatomy into a science disconnected from clinical medicine and remote from practical experience with the
462:, and of noting those conditions which invariably accompanied a given set of symptoms. The work of Bonet was, however, the first attempt at a system of morbid anatomy, and, although it dwelt mostly upon curiosities and monstrosities, it enjoyed much repute in its day;
44:
439:
in 1709. Although the normal anatomy of the body had been comprehensively, and in some parts exhaustively, written by
Vesalius and Fallopius, it had not occurred to any one to examine and describe systematically the anatomy of diseased organs and parts.
480:
took origin. Having finished his edition of
Valsalva in 1740, he was taking a holiday in the country, spending much of his time in the company, of a young friend who was curious in many branches of knowledge. The conversation turned upon the
172:, embodied a lifetime of experience in anatomical dissection and observation, and established the fundamental principle that most diseases are not vaguely dispersed throughout the body, but originate locally, in specific organs and tissues.
1413:
Tedeschi, C G (September 1961). "Giovanni
Battista Morgagni, the founder of pathologic anatomy. A biographic sketh, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the publication of his "De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis"".
324:
Morgagni enjoyed an unequaled popularity among all classes. He was of tall and dignified figure, with blonde hair and lilac eyes, and with a frank and happy expression; his manners were polished, and he was noted for the elegance of his
506:
related to his treatment of patients. We are further able to view a particular perspective of a single physician in the context of the 18th century when he lived in order better understand medical practice during this time period.
273:. After a time he gave up his post at Bologna, and occupied himself for the next two or three years at Padua, where he had a friend in Domenico Guglielmini (1655–1710), professor of medicine, but better-known as a writer on
277:
and mathematics, whose works he afterwards edited (1719) with a biography. Guglielmini desired to see him settled as a teacher at Padua, and the unexpected death of
Guglielmini himself made the project feasible,
237:
Many years after, in 1740, Morgagni edited a collected edition of
Valsalva's writings, with important additions to the treatise on the ear, and with a memoir of the author. When Valsalva was transferred to
384:, cases of stone, and several memoranda on medico-legal points, drawn up at the request of the curia). Classical scholarship in those years occupied his pen more than anatomical observation.
1936:
1603:
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style. He lived in harmony with his colleagues, who are said not even to have envied him his unprecedentedly large stipend; his house and lecture-theatre were frequented
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1860:
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1819:
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490:, which was given to the world as a systematic treatise in 2 vols., folio (Venice, 1761), twenty years after the task of epistolary instruction was begun.
313:, Gasserius, and Adrianus Spigelius, and enjoyed a stipend that was increased from time to time by vote of the senate until it reached twelve hundred gold
531:
and surmised this was the cause of death. Although
Morgagni's cases resulted from gas embolism due to damage to the bowel, the same pathology is seen in
1901:
220:), who held the office of demonstrator anatomicus in the Bologna school, and whom he assisted more particularly in preparing his celebrated work on the
1911:
1906:
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that Morgagni had ambitions to improve his rank. It may be inferred that he succeeded from the fact that he is described on a memorial tablet at
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1961:
1946:
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by students of all ages, attracted from all parts of Europe; he enjoyed the friendship and favor of distinguished Venetian senators and of
1589:
435:, 2 vols. folio) in 1679, three years before Morgagni was born; it was republished at Geneva (3 vols., folio) in 1700, and again at
1634:
444:, a century after Vesalius, poignantly remarks that there is more to be learned from the dissection of one person who had died of
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301:) to the chair of anatomy. In this prestigious position he became the successor of an illustrious line of scholars, including
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250:, the first of a series by which he became favorably known throughout Europe as an accurate anatomist; the book included
891:
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It was not until 1761, when he was in his eightieth year, that he brought out the great work which, once for all, made
1956:
1916:
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369:(1725–1813), the author of the magnificent atlas of anatomical plates published in 2 volumes at Venice in 1801–1814.
1710:
1612:
1179:
1055:
Zani, Augusto; Cozzi Denis A (April 2008). "Giovanni Battista Morgagni and his contribution to pediatric surgery".
559:
458:, that he was familiar with the idea, at least, of systematically comparing the state of the organs in a series of
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334:
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The only special treatise on pathological anatomy previous to that of Morgagni was the work of Théophile Bonet of
161:, who taught thousands of medical students from many countries during his 56 years as Professor of Anatomy at the
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anatomy a science, and diverted the course of medicine into new channels of exactness or precision—the
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573:, and a convenient abridgment of Fabroni's memoir will be found prefixed to Tissot's edition of the
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Although Morgagni was the first to understand and to demonstrate the absolute necessity of basing
1799:
1620:
1084:
Androutsos, G (2006). "Giovanni-Battista Morgagni (1682–1773): creator of pathological anatomy".
854:
528:
411:"Of the seats and causes of diseases investigated through anatomy", in five books printed as two
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279:
1616:
1439:
417:
823:
Mulder, Daniel J.; Noble, Angela J.; Justinich, Christopher J.; Duffin, Jacalyn M. (May 2014).
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A biography of Morgagni by Mosca was published at Naples in 1768. His life may also be read in
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continued from time to time until they numbered seventy. Those seventy letters constitute the
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He published the substance of his communications to the academy in 1706 under the title of
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speaks of it as an immortal work, which may in itself serve for a pathological library.
1665:
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1129:
1003:
986:
661:
644:
586:
577:, etc. A collected edition of his works was published at Venice in 5 volumes, in 1765.
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441:
431:, "The Cemetery, or, anatomy practiced from corpses dead of disease", first published (
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138:
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The letters are arranged in five books, treating of the morbid conditions of the body
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17:
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767:, Paris: Chez Caille et Ravier, libraires, rue Pavée Saint-André-des-Arcs, no. 17,
445:
265:
189:
1569:"How to pronounce Giovanni Battista Morgagni (Italian/Italy) – PronounceNames.com"
469:
Morgagni, in the preface to his own work, discusses the defects and merits of the
424:
1492:
841:
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The range of Morgagni's scholarship, as evidenced by his references to early and
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or other chronic malady than from the bodies of ten persons who had been hanged.
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381:
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and by setting the fashion towards exact anatomical observation and reasoning.
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459:
341:(originally located at Schweinfurth), and to a higher grade in 1732, into the
1050:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 831–833.
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376:(1717–1719); these his strictly medical publications were few and casual (on
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indeed (1597–1677) shows in a passage quoted by Bonet in the preface to the
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In his earlier years at Padua, Morgagni brought out five more series of the
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361:(who died in 1832, connecting the school of Morgagni with the modern era),
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1224:
1201:
513:, was very broad. It has been contended that he was himself not free from
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When he had been three years in Padua, which at the time was part of the
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181:
64:
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274:
168:
His most significant literary contribution, the monumental five-volume
154:
118:
987:"Founders of Modern Medicine: Giovanni Battista Morgagni. (1682–1771)"
645:"Founders of Modern Medicine: Giovanni Battista Morgagni. (1682–1771)"
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to study philosophy and medicine, and graduated with much praise as a
436:
432:
298:
295:
253:
200:", apparently by right of his wife. At the age of sixteen he went to
825:"A tale of two diseases: The history of inflammatory bowel disease"
735:
De sedibus, et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis libri quinque
589:("Aortic Sinuses of Morgagni"), better known as Sinuses of Valsalva
1690:
1346:
Temkin, O (March 1967). "Giovanni Baptista Morgagni (1682–1771)".
1130:"Giovanni Battista Morgagni and the foundation of modern medicine"
1027:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
879:(1 ed.). Boston: The Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine.
412:
391:
326:
314:
239:
82:
1175:"Kidney diseases in the major work of Giovanni Battista Morgagni"
429:
Sepulchretum: sive anatomia practica ex cadaveribus morbo denatis
1585:
765:
Recherches anatomiques sur le siege et les causes des maladies
180:
His parents were in comfortable circumstances, but not of the
1369:"Faces of the Great. Giovanni Battista Morgagni, 1682–1771".
963:
961:
716:
714:
712:
317:. Shortly after coming to Padua he married a noble lady of
1234:"Giovanni Battista Morgagni: his contributions to urology"
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706:
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696:
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208:
in both faculties three years later, in 1701. He acted as
1544:
Il Contributo italiano alla storia del Pensiero: Scienze
795:
The seats and causes of diseases investigated by anatomy
476:
Morgagni has narrated the circumstances under which the
1562:
Some places and memories of Giovanni Battista Morgagni
892:"A brief history of diving and decompression illness"
797:, London: A. Millar; and T. Cadell, his successor ,
554:
suffering organs, and it became possible to develop
409:
De Sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis
294:, an opportunity occurred for his promotion (by the
153:(25 February 1682 – 6 December 1771) was an Italian
1848:
1812:
1787:
1751:
1744:
1658:
1627:
877:
The Clinical Consultations of Giambattista Morgagni
337:; and successive popes conferred honours upon him.
134:
124:
114:
97:
89:
71:
50:
34:
1232:Valvo, J R; Cos L R; Cockett A T (October 1983).
897:South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal
1861:List of people diagnosed with ulcerative colitis
1830:National Society for Colitis and Crohn's Disease
321:, who bore him three sons and twelve daughters.
357:in 1754. Among his more celebrated pupils were
1856:List of people diagnosed with Crohn's disease
1597:
157:, generally regarded as the father of modern
8:
920:. Archived from the original on 27 June 2008
1937:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
1269:Messini, M; Messini R (November 1972). "".
1748:
1604:
1590:
1582:
1209:Thiene, G; Pennelli N (October 1983). "".
31:
1952:Academic staff of the University of Padua
1932:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
1820:Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America
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1191:
1155:
1002:
967:
952:
840:
720:
683:
660:
1394:Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
1108:Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
1086:Journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology
635:
1372:Clinical Notes on Respiratory Diseases
931:
7:
1840:World Inflammatory Bowel Disease Day
1515:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
1503:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1460:Schadewaldt, H (February 1955). "".
562:in a catholic or scientific spirit.
216:(one of the distinguished pupils of
1548:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
1521:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
1105:Molenaar, J C (December 2001). "".
991:Medical Library and History Journal
1494:"Giovanni Battista Morgagni"
1292:Hewitt, W H (September 1972). "".
170:On the Seats and Causes of Disease
25:
1902:18th-century Italian male writers
1491:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
737:, Venice: Typographia Remondini,
184:; it appears from his letters to
1212:Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia
1020:
42:
1912:18th-century Italian scientists
1907:18th-century Italian physicians
1517:, Volume 76: Montauti–Morlaiter
1463:Deutsches Medizinisches Journal
619:Morgagni Stewart Morel syndrome
222:Anatomy and Diseases of the Ear
1825:Digestive Disorders Foundation
1635:Crohn's Disease Activity Index
1437:Spina, G (November 1956). "".
1069:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.065
829:Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
763:Giambattista Morgagni (1820),
733:Giambattista Morgagni (1761),
367:Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani
1:
1897:18th-century writers in Latin
1540:"Morgagni, Giovanni Battista"
1510:"MORGAGNI, Giovanni Battista"
1392:Schulte, J E (May 1963). "".
1323:Belitskaia, E Ia (1971). "".
1173:Fogazzi, G B (January 1998).
1128:Ventura, H O (October 2000).
488:De sedibus et causis morborum
27:Italian anatomist (1682–1771)
1962:People from the Papal States
1947:Fellows of the Royal Society
1308:10.1016/0300-9432(72)90032-5
1253:10.1016/0090-4295(83)90440-5
985:Morgagni GB (October 1903).
842:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.09.009
643:Morgagni GB (October 1903).
520:His 1769 work described the
1866:Deaths from Crohn's disease
1038:Morgagni, Giovanni Battista
624:Sinus of Morgagni (pharynx)
331:tanquam officina sapientiae
1978:
1835:Crohn's and Colitis Canada
1759:Giovanni Battista Morgagni
1711:Protein losing enteropathy
1613:Inflammatory bowel disease
1326:Sovetskoe Zdravookhranenie
1180:Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.
560:natural history of disease
355:Berlin Academy of Sciences
151:Giovanni Battista Morgagni
36:Giovanni Battista Morgagni
1538:Trabucco, Oreste (2013).
1508:Ongaro, Giuseppe (2012).
938:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
558:'s grand conception of a
347:Paris Academy of Sciences
144:
107:
41:
1417:Boston Medical Quarterly
1927:Italian Roman Catholics
1731:Small bowel obstruction
1047:Encyclopædia Britannica
605:("Morgagnian cataract")
511:contemporary literature
1769:Thomas Kennedy Dalziel
1272:La Clinica Terapeutica
1148:10.1002/clc.4960231021
571:Vitae illustr. Italor.
400:
351:St. Petersburg Academy
214:Antonio Maria Valsalva
186:Giovanni Maria Lancisi
129:Antonio Maria Valsalva
1774:Burrill Bernard Crohn
1564:, himetop.wikidot.com
1500:Catholic Encyclopedia
1349:Investigative Urology
890:Acott, Chris (1999).
533:decompression illness
416:what was later named
395:
224:, published in 1704.
18:Giambattista Morgagni
1922:Italian pathologists
1726:Short bowel syndrome
1716:Pyoderma gangrenosum
1519:(in Italian). Rome:
1193:10.1093/ndt/13.1.211
793:GB Morgagni (1769),
603:Hypermature cataract
598:Foramina of Morgagni
581:Eponymous structures
374:Adversaria anatomica
252:Observations of the
248:Adversaria anatomica
159:anatomical pathology
102:anatomical pathology
1135:Clinical Cardiology
955:, pp. 832–833.
686:, pp. 831–832.
609:Hydatid of Morgagni
593:Columns of Morgagni
524:findings of air in
260:Lachrymal Apparatus
163:University of Padua
1917:Italian anatomists
1800:William Hale-White
1643:Biological therapy
1621:ulcerative colitis
1577:. 3 February 2014.
1034:Creighton, Charles
649:Med Library Hist J
495:a capite ad calcem
401:
345:in 1724, into the
307:Gabriele Falloppio
292:Republic of Venice
280:Antonio Vallisneri
194:nobilis forolensis
1942:People from Forlì
1874:
1873:
1808:
1807:
1764:Antoni Leśniowski
614:Morgagni's hernia
380:, varices of the
365:(1736–1822), and
353:in 1735, and the
311:Geronimo Fabrizio
148:
147:
125:Academic advisors
109:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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1676:Erythema nodosum
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1530:978-8-81200032-6
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1295:Forensic Science
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363:Domenico Cotugno
135:Notable students
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61:25 February 1682
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32:
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1957:Crohn's disease
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1470:(3–4): 126–31.
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556:Thomas Sydenham
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452:Francis Glisson
418:Crohn's disease
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75:6 December 1771
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1666:Abdominal pain
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1485:External links
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1379:: 12–3. 1965.
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968:Creighton 1911
957:
953:Creighton 1911
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835:(5): 341–348.
815:
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723:, p. 832.
721:Creighton 1911
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30:
19:
1795:Samuel Wilks
1758:
1721:Sacroiliitis
1671:Anal abscess
1572:
1551:. Retrieved
1543:
1513:
1498:
1467:
1461:
1444:
1438:
1421:
1415:
1397:
1393:
1376:
1370:
1356:(5): 504–6.
1353:
1347:
1333:(10): 73–5.
1330:
1324:
1299:
1293:
1276:
1270:
1246:(4): 452–7.
1243:
1237:
1216:
1210:
1186:(1): 211–2.
1183:
1178:
1139:
1133:
1112:
1106:
1089:
1085:
1060:
1056:
1045:
997:(4): 270–7.
994:
990:
948:
934:cite journal
922:. Retrieved
901:
895:
885:
876:
873:Jarcho, Saul
867:
832:
828:
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764:
758:
734:
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679:
655:(4): 270–7.
652:
648:
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574:
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519:
508:
504:
494:
492:
487:
483:Sepulchretum
482:
477:
475:
471:Sepulchretum
470:
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456:Sepulchretum
455:
450:
446:tuberculosis
428:
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405:pathological
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236:
233:Early career
221:
196:, "noble of
193:
179:
169:
167:
150:
149:
108:
77:(1771-12-06)
29:
1892:1771 deaths
1887:1682 births
529:circulation
522:post mortem
388:Late career
382:Venae cavae
90:Nationality
1881:Categories
1639:Treatment
1440:Le Scalpel
1424:: 112–25.
630:References
575:De sedibus
478:De Sedibus
397:De sedibus
378:gallstones
263:, and the
57:1682-02-25
1706:Proctitis
1686:Granuloma
1553:19 August
1400:: 961–3.
1036:(1911). "
910:0813-1988
811:24732931M
781:24976694M
751:24732940M
544:prognosis
540:diagnosis
515:prolixity
425:Neuchâtel
335:cardinals
210:prosector
176:Education
155:anatomist
119:anatomist
1736:Stenosis
1476:14365489
1453:13390805
1430:14037836
1406:13987182
1385:14281110
1166:11061062
1121:11789156
1098:17318961
1077:18405723
1013:18340813
924:17 April
918:16986801
875:(1984).
859:13714394
851:24094598
803:14315112
773:11288084
743:14313521
671:18340813
526:cerebral
303:Vesalius
296:Venetian
218:Malpighi
182:nobility
1745:History
1696:Ileitis
1681:Fistula
1574:YouTube
1362:5335750
1339:4946783
1316:4566611
1285:4566208
1262:6356560
1239:Urology
1225:6365669
1202:9481746
1157:6654806
1044:(ed.).
1031::
1004:1698114
978:Sources
662:1698114
548:scalpel
275:physics
202:Bologna
93:Italian
1849:People
1752:Crohns
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501:Legacy
464:Haller
460:bodies
442:Harvey
437:Leiden
433:Geneva
399:, 1765
315:ducats
299:senate
269:Organs
266:Pelvic
257:, the
254:Larynx
228:Career
206:doctor
115:Fields
1691:Ileum
904:(2).
855:S2CID
413:folio
327:Latin
319:Forlì
240:Parma
198:Forlì
190:Padua
83:Padua
65:Forlì
1628:Main
1619:and
1555:2023
1525:ISBN
1472:PMID
1449:PMID
1426:PMID
1402:PMID
1381:PMID
1358:PMID
1335:PMID
1312:PMID
1281:PMID
1258:PMID
1221:PMID
1198:PMID
1162:PMID
1117:PMID
1094:PMID
1073:PMID
1009:PMID
940:link
926:2009
914:OCLC
906:ISSN
847:PMID
799:OCLC
769:OCLC
739:OCLC
667:PMID
72:Died
51:Born
1445:109
1398:107
1304:doi
1248:doi
1188:doi
1152:PMC
1144:doi
1113:145
1065:doi
999:PMC
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657:PMC
569:'s
212:to
192:as
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
