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made sensitive restorations, which in some examples amount to pastiches assembled from antique fragments, and presented a catalogue. The intimate study of the rare originals suggested to
Castellani new techniques of workmanship and the more extensive restorations undertaken during the period which in some cases transformed the originals. Further copies and interpretations were made by Castellani in a refined archaeological taste. The Campana collection of ancient gold, remounted and restored by Castellani was bought by the French State in 1861 and is conserved in the Louvre.
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245:(London, 1856), "the Campana Museum is in many respects superior to the Museo Gregoriano at the Vatican", though the collection was open only one day a week and only to those bearing a letter of introduction. The "Campana" reliefs were more easily viewed, as they were at the Monte di PietĂ . Blewett's description of the collection at Palazzo Campana is worth quoting:
322:
In around 1858 Campana published a catalogue of his collection which he divided into twelve sections: Vases (I), Bronzes (II), Jewellery and coins (III), Terracottas (IV), Glass (V), Etruscan, Greek and Roman paintings (VI), Greek and Roman sculpture (VII), Italian paintings from the
Byzantine period
400:
and collector, whose atelier producing jewellery and goldsmith's work was among the first to take inspiration from the gold of
Antiquity that was being recovered by Campana and others from excavations in the Roman Campagna and in Etruria. Augusto Castellani (1829-1914) studied the Campana gold and
415:, thanks to the interest of Augusto Castellani, who was a founding member of the Commissione Archeologica Comunale, and was named director of the Capitoline Museums the same year. The bequest of his own collection of over nine thousand more coins provided the nucleus of today's public collection.
296:
destroying the Dragon. The collection of
Etruscan vases is also very fine, several presenting historical scenes, with Greek and Etruscan inscriptions. The Cabinet of Bronzes comprises a fine series of Etruscan and Roman objects: 2 beautiful tripods, a mirror of extraordinary beauty and size, and a
114:
that are still called "Campana" reliefs, ceramics, numismatics and medals, acquired on the market and through excavations on his own properties and other sites and handsomely arranged and displayed at the Villa del
Laterano. He also collected Italian paintings, forming a notable collection of the
449:
After the reunification of Italy, Campana returned to Rome, where he died on 10 October 1880, in the unfruitful process of reclaiming from the
Pontificate the profits made on the sales of the Campana Collection, over and above the value it had been pawned for. The city council's project for
42:
warranted an exhibition devoted to it in 2005–06. He was an early collector of early
Italian paintings, the so-called "primitives" of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, which were overlooked by his contemporaries. And like many collectors of his generation, he coveted Italian
134:, of which he directed the publication, as well as publishing his own collection of the terracotta relief plaques of the Republican era that bear his name still. His obtained prominent positions with the pontifical administration and was placed in charge of the excavations at
200:
excavated on the site in the time of
Campana's father was memorialised in engravings. Annexed to the villa was the tiny ancient Church of Santa Maria Imperatrice. The two sections of the extensive grounds were connected by a private tunnel beneath via Santi Quattro Coronati.
347:
for the Villa Stati-Mattei, as late as 1856. He was accused, arrested in
November 1857 and convicted of embezzlement from the public funds in his care. After a dramatic trial he was condemned to twenty years prison which was commuted to exile and disgrace.
142:, in which he offered antiquarian essays on the mythological and iconographic representations on the moulded relief panels and tiles; this was the first work to draw attention to these neglected architectural elements, which had a long pre-Roman history in
118:
Thanks to his mature experience in the archaeological field— which in the mid-19th century was still a treasure hunt for works of art and curiosities, even in the hands of a sophisticated amateur— Campana was responsible for the discovery of the
305:
and sword of the warrior whose body reposed upon it. There are several fine specimens of
Etruscan helmets, with delicate wreaths of gold foliage placed upon them. The collection of glass and enamels is most interesting, consisting of elegant
176:, was entered through wrought iron gates in via di San Stefano di Rotondo just off piazza di S. Giovanni in Laterano; it had been beautified and its long range extended in a classicising manner that seemed to one lady visitor "a temple of old
38:(1849), was an Italian art collector who assembled one of the nineteenth century's greatest collection of Greek and Roman sculpture and antiquities. The part of his collection of Hellenistic and Roman gold jewellery conserved in the
677:, the "Queen of Vases," and 200 small bronzes are also at the State Hermitage Museum; the transformation of the Tsar's antiquities wrought by the acquisition of the Campana collection is noted by the State Hermitage Museum:
540:
ornée de quelques sculptures d'un médiocre intérêt", "the little villa Campani, decorated with sculptures of mediocre interest"; to Edmond Lafond's French eye it was a "chef-d'oeuvre de mauvais goût", a "masterpiece of bad
483:(Paris, Musée du Louvre, 21 October 2005—16 January 2006), curated by Françoise Gaultier and Catherine Metzger; the exhibition continued to Milan and the Capitoline Museums, Rome, where an Italian catalogue was published,
356:
His collection was sequestered by the Pontifical State. A catalogue of his collection was published in 1858 and it was put up for sale. Works from the Campana collection wound up in the great national museums, from the
301:, containing the ashes of the dead, with a golden necklace, now amongst the jewellery; a bier of bronze, with the bottom in latticework, like that in the Museo Gregoriano, with the helmet, breastplate,
168:
made a stately visit to inspect the collection at the Villa Campana, to which Campana had removed his Roman sculptures. The villa of his grandfather at the brow and gently rolling upper slopes of the
921:
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in Rome, and in the garden, along with exotic plants, fountains and grottoes, Giampietro Campana recreated an Etruscan tomb. The site had some genuinely antique precedents, remains of the
454:
having fallen through in 1873, the villa came into the possession of a socially prominent English sculptor long established in Rome, Warrington Wood (1839-1886), a professor at the
343:'s grand villa at Frascati, which was being readied to receive the Campana collections, but he couldn't resist purchasing twenty-two classicising fresco elements painted by
288:
inscription, equal, if they do not surpass, the finest productions of Trichinopoly or Genoa. One of the most remarkable objects in this collection is a superb Scarabæus in
585:
221:, the annual celebration on the traditional day of Rome's founding, celebrated by the Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia was held at the Villa Campana on the
433:, were completed in 1523–1524 in the Villa Palatina, Rome. They went with the part of the Campana collection that the Russians acquired in 1861 and installed in the
331:
and his contemporaries (XI), and Etruscan and Roman curiosities (XII). In 2001 Susanna Sarti published an attempt to trace the current location of the listed items.
20:
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In a stunning reversal of his private fortunes, he pawned his antique jewels, and successively other parts of the collection. Works were interrupted at
665:
from Domitian's villa near Lake Albano, and the bust said to be of Caius Marius, a gift to Campana from Pius VI; some 500 Greek vases, including the
310:
of blue, white and yellow glass mounted on filigree stands precisely as they were taken from the tombs. The series of Etruscan vases, not only from
418:
Campana's "primitive" Italian paintings were purchased by the French State. In 1976 283 Campana paintings received an official home in the new
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to Rome; Giampietro entered as an assistant in 1831 and was so efficient he was appointed director general in 1833. In 1835 he was made a
1324:
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The structure was largely rebuilt by Campana. It was demolished in the 1880s to make way for housing, according to Mariano Armellini,
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A report on the finances of the Monte di PietĂ made by Vincenzo Pericoli in 1847 had already uncovered some troubling irregularities.
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collection of some four hundred Roman and Byzantine gold coins remained in Rome, purchased in 1873 by the administration of the
1314:
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Frascati al tempo di Pio IX e del Marchese Campana : ritratto di una cittĂ tra cultura antiquaria e moderne strade ferrate
120:
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458:. With the help of an English gardener he soon possessed "the best turf in Rome". The site was subsequently built over.
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In 1851 Campana married the Englishwoman Emily Rowles, whose family had connections to Prince Louis Napoleon, soon
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Di due sepolcri romani del secolo di Augusto scoverti tra la via Latina e l'Appia presso la tomba degli Scipioni
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588:); its icon of the Virgin was transferred in 1926 to the chapel of the hospital of San Giovanni in Laterano. (
55:
Campana was born in Rome into a sophisticated milieu: the family was also entrusted with the operation of the
1216:"La collection Campana au musée Napoléon III et sa première dispersion dans les musées français (1862-1863)"
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In hopes of finding a buyer, the antique gold was entrusted to the Castellani atelier, founded in 1814 by
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The villa was located at the junction between the via di San Giovani and via dei Santi Quattro Coronati (
138:. From 1842 he published several editions of his collection of moulded terracotta tiles, under the title
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The specimens consist for the most part of gold ornaments, earrings in the form of genii, necklaces of
1304:
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in gratitude for the loans that the reorganized Monte di PietĂ had been able to make to the Vatican.
180:, with well-proportioned columns and pediment". Its curving drive was shaded with some of the first
237:, Campana had his principal Roman residence, the Palazzo Campana, at the corner of via Babuino and
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Curated by Giovanna Cappelli and Isabella Salvagni. Catalogue published Rome: Campisano, 2006.
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Campana's collection ranged over bronzes and marble sculpture, the Roman architectural
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Much of the information in this article was derived from the catalogue's introduction.
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1283:"Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 17 (1974): CAMPANA, Giovanni Pietro"
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213:. Because of his cultural merits, he was given the title of marchese di Cavelli by
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Nine galleries in the Louvre contain the Greek pottery of the Campana collection.
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was offered the right to select items from the collection before auction, to the
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Greek vases found in Etruscan burials were at first considered to be Etruscan.
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A description of the villa as it was shortly after his death was published by
262:
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60:
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388:, gold, pearl and glass beads, Greek, 3rd-2nd century BCE, also at the Louvre
999:
Handbook for travellers in central Italy, Part II: Rome and its Environments
1051:
Beautiful Houses: Being A Description of Certain Well-known Artistic Houses
1231:
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289:
277:
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79:
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to Raphael (VIII), Italian paintings from 1500 to ca 1700 (IX), Italian
430:
311:
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Campagna's first archaeological excavations were undertaken in 1829 at
1180:
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256:, Magna Graecia, ca 630 BCE, from the Campana collection at the Louvre
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1105:"La villa-musée du marquis Campana à Rome au milieu du XIXe siècle"
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217:. He was an advisor to the Grand-Duke of Saxe-Weimar In 1851, the
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subsidized housing to be built over the Villa Campana site by the
379:
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18:
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Pawnshop and palaces: the fall and rise of the Campana art museum
1155:
The book contains an annotated version of the 12 sections of the
297:
cinerary urn of most rare occurrence in metal; it was found near
564:
1141:
Giovanni Pietro Campana (1808-1880): The Man and His Collection
1021:
Cataloghi del Museo Campana : catalogo della classe 1 - 12
922:"Dossier thématique : Les Bijoux de la collection Campana"
679:"1861: Purchase of the Marquis Gian Pietro Campana collection "
276:, chapelets in form of foliage &c.; the head of the horned
927:(in French). Musée du Louvre. 26 December 2011. Archived from
425:
Among Campana's paintings were also a series of five frescoes
82:, where the family had the use of properties belonging to the
1247:
The article was also published in five separate sections in
1266:
Eveline Schlumberger, "L'inépuisable Collection Campana"
1059:
Kostof, Spiro (1976). "The Drafting of a Master Plan for
527:). The building now occupying the site was built in 1890.
741:
739:
703:
Approved 31 October, the agreement collapsed 4 November.
690:
A selection of Castellani jewellery is displayed at the
1031:
Trésors antiques : Bijoux de la collection Campana
115:
so-called "primitives" of the 14th and 15th centuries.
1029:
Gaultier, Françoise; Metzger, Catherine, eds. (2005).
865:
863:
861:
160:, is also part of the Campana collection at the Louvre
601:
Her seated portrait sculpture, in Carrara marble, by
97:, a Roman copy of a Hellenistic original, now in the
485:
Tesori antichi: i gioielli della collezione Campana.
1195:Borowitz, Helen Osterman; Borowitz, Albert (1991).
910:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, acc. no. 48.17.1–22
1065:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
608:Frascati al tempo di Pio IX e del Marchese Campana
190:of Plautius Lateranus traversed by remains of the
481:Trésors antiques: bijoux de la collection Campana
1242:Esquisse d'une histoire de la collection Campana
1167:Vertova, Luisa (1977). "A new museum is born".
1159:published in 1858. It is available online from
730:
536:A guidebook of 1854 still found it "la petite
1199:. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
770:Kenneth Painter, "Via Gabina Campana reliefs"
8:
779:: a brief introduction to "Campana" reliefs.
327:of the 15th-16th centuries (X), Maiolica by
59:, a papal charitable trust that operated as
1033:(in French). Paris: 5 Continents Éditions.
1024:(in Italian). Rome: Johann Daniel PreiĂźler.
152:Campana's second-century AD version of the
1131:Les curiosités de Rome et de ses environs
1095:Rome : lettres d'un pèlerin Volume 2
788:
407:Among the Campana collections, only the
243:Handbook for travellers in central Italy
1013:(in Italian). Rome: Alessandro Monaldi.
952:
885:
869:
848:
800:
757:
745:
723:
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976:
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832:
816:
582:Le chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX
897:
465:set Campana in his cultural context.
7:
1002:(4th ed.). London: John Murray.
34:(1808 – 10 October 1880), created
14:
1263:pp. 57–92, 208–240, 343–364.
1054:. New York: Scribner and Welford.
584:(Rome:Tipografia Vaticana) 1891 (
429:. The subjects, by the school of
586:on-line text at LacusCurtius.com
241:; there, according to Blewett's
47:of the 15th and 16th centuries.
605:was included in the exhibition
567:, it became the nucleus of the
1245:(in French). Paris: E. Leroux.
1134:(in French). Paris: L. Maison.
420:Musée du Petit Palais, Avignon
1:
1259:, 364–384; (1905) 4th series
671:from Magna Graecia hailed as
452:SocietĂ edifacatrice italiana
361:in St. Petersburg, where the
1330:People from the Papal States
1214:Nadalini, Gianpaolo (1998).
1103:Nadalini, Gianpaolo (1996).
1098:(in French). Paris: A. Bray.
1018:Campana, Giampietro (1858).
1007:Campana, Giampietro (1840).
227:Basilica of St. John Lateran
1157:Cataloghi del Museo Campana
1048:Haweis, Mary Eliza (1882).
731:Gaultier & Metzger 2005
1346:
1325:Former private collections
1128:Robello, Giuseppe (1854).
996:Blewett, Octavian (1856).
396:(1794-1865), a goldsmith,
375:Metropolitan Museum of Art
371:Victoria and Albert Museum
1239:Reinach, Salomon (1905).
272:, bracelets, neckchains,
140:Antiche opere in plastica
1143:. Oxford: Archaeopress.
394:Fortunato Pio Castellani
318:, is rich and extensive.
172:, formerly a retreat of
69:Order of the Golden Spur
1285:(in Italian). Treccani.
1169:The Burlington Magazine
1139:Sarti, Susanna (2001).
1092:Lafond, Edmond (1856).
461:An exhibition in 2006,
229:; among the guests was
27:' of Giampietro Campana
1315:Italian art collectors
590:Roma per noi: il Celio
435:State Hermitage Museum
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233:. In addition to this
215:Ferdinand II of Naples
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1268:Connaissance des Arts
1232:10.3406/jds.1998.1618
1121:10.3406/jds.1996.1602
456:Accademia di San Luca
427:transferred to canvas
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144:Etruscan civilization
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16:Italian art collector
1320:Italian antiquarians
1270:(February 1964:38ff)
1249:Revue Archéologique
1220:Journal des savants
1161:The Beazley Archive
1109:Journal des savants
955:, pp. 158–167.
515:41.8874°N 12.5026°E
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132:tomb of the Scipios
36:marchese di Cavelli
1251:(1904) 4th series
775:2010-06-11 at the
692:Gilbert Collection
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112:terracotta reliefs
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32:Giampietro Campana
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1310:Writers from Rome
1206:978-1-56098-010-0
552:Mary Eliza Haweis
329:Luca della Robbia
314:proper, but from
239:Piazza del Popolo
231:Ludwig of Bavaria
192:Claudian aqueduct
174:Paolo della Croce
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1063:: An Exordium".
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1061:Roma Capital
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953:Vertova 1977
948:
936:. Retrieved
929:the original
916:
905:
893:
886:Campana 1858
881:
870:Blewett 1856
849:Blewett 1856
844:
828:
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801:Robello 1854
796:
784:
765:
758:Campana 1840
753:
746:Vertova 1977
726:
708:
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655:Notably the
651:
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622:engraved gem
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260:
242:
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223:Caelian Hill
218:
211:Napoleon III
208:
195:
185:
177:
170:Caelian Hill
166:Pope Pius IX
163:
139:
121:
117:
109:
95:Hera Campana
94:
77:
64:
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35:
31:
30:
1305:1880 deaths
1300:1808 births
1071:(1): 5–20.
977:Haweis 1882
965:Kostof 1976
833:Haweis 1882
817:Lafond 1856
518: /
398:antiquarian
225:, near the
205:Culmination
122:columbarium
1294:Categories
979:, p.
898:Sarti 2001
872:, p.
851:, p.
835:, p.
819:, p.
803:, p.
719:References
694:in London.
506:12°30′09″E
503:41°53′15″N
409:numismatic
197:triclinium
182:Eucalyptus
128:columbarii
106:Collection
61:pawnbroker
365:curator,
352:Dispersal
130:near the
65:cavaliere
938:24 April
773:Archived
335:Disgrace
325:Maiolica
290:sardonyx
286:Etruscan
284:with an
270:brooches
267:filigree
263:scarabæi
164:In 1846
80:Frascati
45:maiolica
1257:179-201
990:Sources
628:beetle.
541:taste".
431:Raphael
341:Vignola
312:Etruria
303:greaves
299:Perugia
278:Bacchus
274:torques
67:of the
1203:
1181:878733
1179:
1147:
1085:988967
1083:
1037:
668:hydria
661:, the
626:scarab
610:, 2006
386:diadem
363:Tsar's
294:Cadmus
282:fibula
254:fibula
51:Career
1177:JSTOR
1081:JSTOR
932:(PDF)
925:(PDF)
469:Notes
308:tazze
252:Gold
187:domus
158:Anzio
136:Ostia
1255:pp.
1201:ISBN
1145:ISBN
1035:ISBN
940:2014
592:p.26
565:Nero
178:Rome
93:The
1228:doi
1173:119
1117:doi
1073:doi
874:212
853:213
805:264
620:An
437:in
86:.
71:by
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571:.
554:.
101:.
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