433:
569:, the number is 0, and the Hubble type is E0. While the limit in the literature is about E7, it has been known since 1966 that the E4 to E7 galaxies are misclassified lenticular galaxies with disks inclined at different angles to our line of sight. This has been confirmed through spectral observations revealing the rotation of their stellar disks. Hubble recognized that his shape classification depends both on the intrinsic shape of the galaxy, as well as the angle with which the galaxy is observed. Hence, some galaxies with Hubble type E0 are actually elongated.
36:
95:
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577:, which contain disks. This is, however, an abuse of the nomenclature, as there are two types of early-type galaxy, those with disks and those without. Given the existence of ES galaxies with intermediate-scale disks, it is reasonable to expect that there is a continuity from E to ES, and onto the S0 galaxies with their large-scale stellar disks that dominate the light at large radii.
1275:
181:
that dominate their galaxy clusters. Originally, Edwin Hubble hypothesized that elliptical galaxies evolved into spiral galaxies, which was later discovered to be false, although the accretion of gas and smaller galaxies may build a disk around a pre-existing ellipsoidal structure. Stars found inside
572:
It is sometimes said that there are two physical types of ellipticals: the giant ellipticals with slightly "boxy"-shaped isophotes, whose shapes result from random motion which is greater in some directions than in others (anisotropic random motion); and the "disky" normal and
397:
at its center. Observations of 46 elliptical galaxies, 20 classical bulges, and 22 pseudobulges show that each contain a black hole at the center. The mass of the black hole is tightly correlated with the mass of the galaxy, evidenced through correlations such as the
775:
Pearson, W. J.; Wang, L.; Alpaslan, M.; Baldry, I.; Bilicki, M.; Brown, M. J. I.; Grootes, M. W.; Holwerda, B. W.; Kitching, T. D.; Kruk, S.; van der Tak, F. F. S. (November 2019). "Effect of galaxy mergers on star-formation rates".
161:
activity in elliptical galaxies is typically minimal; they may, however, undergo brief periods of star formation when merging with other galaxies. Elliptical galaxies are believed to make up approximately 10–15% of galaxies in the
338:
Elliptical galaxies are characterized by several properties that make them distinct from other classes of galaxy. They are spherical or ovoid masses of stars, starved of star-making gases. Furthermore, there is very little
141:
galaxies. Elliptical (E) galaxies are, together with lenticular galaxies (S0) with their large-scale disks, and ES galaxies with their intermediate scale disks, a subset of the "early-type" galaxy population.
556:
598:. These are similar to their smaller brethren, but more diffuse, with large haloes that may as much belong to the galaxy cluster within which they reside than the centrally-located giant galaxy.
1337:
Stellar
Kinematics and Structural Properties of Virgo Cluster Dwarf Early-type Galaxies from the SMAKCED Project. III. Angular Momentum and Constraints on Formation Scenarios
1313:
The ATLAS project – III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of fast and slow rotators
617:
In recent years, evidence has shown that a reasonable proportion (~25%) of early-type (E, ES and S0) galaxies have residual gas reservoirs and low level star-formation.
424:
with organization and structure, elliptical galaxies are more three-dimensional, without much structure, and their stars are in somewhat random orbits around the center.
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to more than 700,000 light years, and masses from 10 to nearly 10 solar masses. This range is much broader for this galaxy type than for any other. The smallest, the
2143:
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of elliptical galaxies contains an integer that describes how elongated the galaxy image is. The classification is determined by the ratio of the major (
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359:. They generally have two distinct populations of globular clusters: one that is redder and metal-rich, and another that is bluer and metal-poor.
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researchers have speculated that the central black holes in elliptical galaxies keep the gas from cooling enough for star formation.
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166:, and they are not the dominant type of galaxy in the universe overall. They are preferentially found close to the centers of
2261:
1467:"Red And Dead Galaxies Have Beating Black Hole 'Hearts', Preventing Star Formation | HNGN - Headlines & Global News"
512:
432:
1988:
764:
Disky
Elliptical Galaxies and the Allegedly Over-massive Black Hole in the Compact “ES“ Galaxy NGC 1271 (see their Fig.7).
382:
are similar, suggesting that they may be formed by the same physical processes, although this remains controversial. The
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appear to be a distinct class: their properties are more similar to those of irregulars and late spiral-type galaxies.
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The brilliant central object is the supergiant elliptical galaxy SDSS J142347.87+240442.4, the dominant member of the
50:
44:
1178:
Kormendy, John; Ho, Luis C. (18 August 2013). "Coevolution (Or Not) of
Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies".
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At the large end of the elliptical spectrum, there is further division, beyond Hubble's classification. Beyond
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is the product of a collision between two galaxies. It is evolving into a giant elliptical galaxy.
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876:"Galaxy morphology in rich clusters – Implications for the formation and evolution of galaxies"
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not present in clusters. Most of these small galaxies may not be related to other ellipticals.
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957:"First M87 Event Horizon Telescope results. IV. Imaging the central supermassive black hole"
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Elliptical galaxies range in size from dwarf ellipticals with tens of millions of stars, to
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455:. Elliptical galaxies vary greatly in both size and mass with diameters ranging from 3,000
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1027:"These are the first pictures of a black hole — And that's a big, even supermassive, deal"
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355:, giving them red colors. Large elliptical galaxies typically have an extensive system of
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of elliptical galaxies are on average much older than stars found in spiral galaxies.
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Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
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The
Distribution of Intensity in Elliptical Galaxies of the Virgo Cluster. II
718:
214:, whose supermassive black hole was the first black hole to be imaged by the
2013:
1350:"The Atlas3D project – IV: the molecular gas content of early-type galaxies"
117:
shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image. They are one of the four main
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443:. The radio lobes shown here in pink are over a million light-years across.
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Extended stellar kinematics of elliptical galaxies in the Fornax cluster
332:
250:
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MACS J1423.8+2404. It has a diameter of 380,000 light-years. Note the
406:
of the surrounding stars to the mass of the black hole at the center.
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1251:
Fraknoi, Andrew; Morrison, David; Wolf, Sidney C. (13 January 2017).
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351:, and few young stars; rather elliptical galaxies are dominated by
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profiles of both elliptical galaxies and bulges are well fit by
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1538:
29:
1490:
Mo, Houjun; van den Bosch, Frank; White, Simon (June 2010),
1167:
Elliptical and Disk Galaxy
Structure and Modern Scaling Laws
1534:
1409:"Molecular gas and star formation in early-type galaxies"
374:
The dynamical properties of elliptical galaxies and the
1325:
Evidence of fast rotation in dwarf elliptical galaxies
1079:
Hixenbaugh, Kyle; Chandar, Rupali; Mok, Angus (2022).
551:{\displaystyle 10\times \left(1-{\frac {b}{a}}\right)}
343:(neither gas nor dust), which results in low rates of
274:, known for having the longest galactic jet discovered
1240:
Galaxy Bulges and Their
Massive Black Holes: A Review
752:
More isotropic oblate rotators in elliptical galaxies
515:
153:, and they tend to be surrounded by large numbers of
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732:
294:
eruption, the most powerful astronomical event known
2214:
2129:
2022:
1981:
1891:
1826:
1717:
1572:
955:The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2019).
550:
1413:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1354:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
828:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
409:Elliptical galaxies are preferentially found in
145:Most elliptical galaxies are composed of older,
919:Astronomy: The definitive guide to the universe
284:with peculiar morphology and unusual dust lanes
2191:List of the most distant astronomical objects
1550:
8:
1407:Crocker, A. F.; et al. (January 2011).
944:Angular Momentum Acquisition in Galaxy Halos
921:. Bath, UK: Parragon Publishing., p. 224-225
439:, a supergiant elliptical galaxy and also a
1180:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
1081:"The Ancient Globular Clusters of NGC 1291"
393:Every massive elliptical galaxy contains a
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80:Learn how and when to remove this message
913:
911:
43:This article includes a list of general
1348:Young, L. M.; et al. (June 2011).
678:
638:Fundamental plane (elliptical galaxies)
467:, but contain a considerable amount of
268:, the closest giant elliptical galaxy
7:
1210:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101811
648:Galaxy morphological classification
366:The galaxy located in the image is
463:, may be no larger than a typical
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
942:Stewart, Kyle R., et al. (2013),
823:"The APM Bright Galaxy Catalogue"
561:Thus for a spherical galaxy with
2331:
2320:
2319:
1444:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17537.x
1385:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18561.x
34:
27:Spherical or ovoid mass of stars
451:are supergiant ellipticals, or
2262:Galaxy formation and evolution
2257:Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
1492:Galaxy Formation and Evolution
643:Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
262:, supergiant elliptical galaxy
1:
1025:Jeffrey, K. (10 April 2019).
821:Loveday, J. (February 1996).
177:of over one hundred trillion
1299:Graham, A.W. et al. (1998),
778:Astronomy & Astrophysics
762:Graham, A.W. et al. (2016),
750:Nieto, J.-L. et al. (1988),
370:, a giant elliptical galaxy.
98:The giant elliptical galaxy
2144:Galaxies named after people
1054:"Elliptical galaxy IC 2006"
874:Dressler, A. (March 1980).
808:10.1051/0004-6361/201936337
280:, an elliptical/lenticular
2381:
2365:Galaxy morphological types
2277:Gravitational microlensing
2232:Galactic coordinate system
1496:Cambridge University Press
1335:Toloba, E. et al. (2015),
1323:Pedraz, S. et al. (2002),
930:Dekel, A., et al. (2009),
697:Silliman Memorial Lectures
621:Herschel Space Observatory
2315:
1276:"Your NED Search Results"
964:The Astrophysical Journal
880:The Astrophysical Journal
581:Dwarf spheroidal galaxies
461:dwarf elliptical galaxies
2242:Galactic magnetic fields
2055:Brightest cluster galaxy
1951:Luminous infrared galaxy
1116:10.3847/1538-3881/ac680d
1085:The Astronomical Journal
995:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0e85
860:10.1093/mnras/278.4.1025
692:The realm of the nebulae
590:giant ellipticals, lies
253:, the central galaxy of
131:The Realm of the Nebulae
2237:Galactic habitable zone
2222:Extragalactic astronomy
1811:Supermassive black hole
1725:Active galactic nucleus
1202:2013ARA&A..51..511K
800:2019A&A...631A..51P
502:) axes of the galaxy's
395:supermassive black hole
353:old stellar populations
323:General characteristics
216:Event Horizon Telescope
64:more precise citations.
18:Giant elliptical galaxy
1989:Low surface brightness
1740:Central massive object
1058:www.spacetelescope.org
609:
552:
487:
444:
371:
335:
292:Ophiuchus Supercluster
278:Centaurus A (NGC 5128)
245:largest galaxies known
113:with an approximately
102:
2267:Galaxy rotation curve
1311:Emsellem, E. (2011),
1238:Graham, A.W. (2016),
1165:Graham, A.W. (2013),
738:Liller, M.H. (1966),
701:Yale University Press
663:Osipkov–Merritt model
604:
553:
492:Hubble classification
484:gravitational lensing
477:
435:
365:
330:
97:
2302:Population III stars
2297:Intergalactic travel
2247:Galactic orientation
2114:Voids and supervoids
1521:, SEDS Messier pages
1280:ned.ipac.caltech.edu
1142:"Galactic fireflies"
633:Firehose instability
513:
290:, the source of the
2360:Elliptical galaxies
2292:Intergalactic stars
2181:Large quasar groups
2176:Groups and clusters
2040:Groups and clusters
1899:Lyman-alpha emitter
1791:Interstellar medium
1525:Elliptical Galaxies
1519:Elliptical Galaxies
1435:2011MNRAS.410.1197C
1376:2011MNRAS.414..940Y
1254:Open Stax Astronomy
1107:2022AJ....163..271H
986:2019ApJ...875L...4E
892:1980ApJ...236..351D
851:1996MNRAS.278.1025L
404:velocity dispersion
341:interstellar matter
151:interstellar medium
2287:Intergalactic dust
2272:Gravitational lens
2227:Galactic astronomy
2196:Starburst galaxies
1936:blue compact dwarf
1892:Energetic galaxies
1856:BL Lacertae object
726:(pp. 124–151)
610:
548:
488:
445:
415:groups of galaxies
402:which relates the
372:
349:open star clusters
336:
331:Elliptical galaxy
164:Virgo Supercluster
103:
2347:
2346:
2307:Galaxy X (galaxy)
2282:Illustris project
2252:Galactic quadrant
1973:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
1963:Green bean galaxy
1958:Hot dust-obscured
1909:Luminous infrared
1673:Elliptical galaxy
1146:www.esahubble.org
917:John, D. (2006).
699:, 25. New Haven:
695:. Mrs. Hepsa Ely
658:Lenticular galaxy
575:dwarf ellipticals
541:
357:globular clusters
310:lenticular galaxy
155:globular clusters
119:classes of galaxy
107:elliptical galaxy
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
2372:
2335:
2323:
2322:
1968:Hanny's Voorwerp
1878:Relativistic jet
1752:Dark matter halo
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1419:(2): 1197–1222.
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842:astro-ph/9603040
835:(4): 1025–1048.
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498:) to the minor (
465:globular cluster
453:type-cD galaxies
449:largest galaxies
428:Sizes and shapes
400:M–sigma relation
149:, with a sparse
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
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2018:
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1801:Galaxy filament
1745:Galactic Center
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1484:Further reading
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653:Hubble sequence
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422:spiral galaxies
413:and in compact
411:galaxy clusters
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227:M105 (NGC 3379)
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168:galaxy clusters
127:Hubble sequence
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56:Please help to
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234:, part of the
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212:M87 (NGC 4486)
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207:M60 (NGC 4649)
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202:M59 (NGC 4621)
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1982:Low activity
1816:Ultramassive
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1646:Dwarf galaxy
1629:intermediate
1624:grand design
1491:
1470:. Retrieved
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1151:12 September
1149:. Retrieved
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1062:. Retrieved
1060:. ESA/Hubble
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1036:. Retrieved
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441:radio galaxy
420:Unlike flat
419:
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388:Sersic's law
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282:radio galaxy
272:CGCG 049-033
172:
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123:Edwin Hubble
106:
104:
91:
76:
67:
48:
2119:void galaxy
2082:cannibalism
2067:Interacting
2023:Interaction
2009:Blue Nugget
1999:Dark galaxy
1904:Lyman-break
1796:Protogalaxy
1762:Disc galaxy
886:: 351–365.
596:cD-galaxies
469:dark matter
457:light years
175:supergiants
115:ellipsoidal
62:introducing
2354:Categories
2159:Polar-ring
2004:Red nugget
1946:faint blue
1806:Spiral arm
1661:spheroidal
1651:elliptical
1634:Magellanic
1619:flocculent
1587:Lenticular
1574:Morphology
1260:2 February
1098:2205.14047
1091:(6): 271.
977:1906.11241
791:1908.10115
674:References
592:D-galaxies
437:Hercules A
384:luminosity
306:elliptical
260:Hercules A
255:Abell 2029
241:ESO 383-76
139:lenticular
70:March 2015
45:references
2094:Satellite
2089:Jellyfish
2077:collision
2014:Dead disk
1931:Starburst
1846:Markarian
1718:Structure
1685:Irregular
1656:irregular
1426:1007.4147
1394:119267988
1367:1102.4633
1226:118172025
1218:0066-4146
1193:1304.7762
1125:248853311
1012:146068771
1004:2041-8213
970:(1): L4.
719:611263346
565:equal to
531:−
520:×
504:isophotes
100:ESO 325-4
2326:Category
2215:See also
2139:Galaxies
1866:X-shaped
1697:Peculiar
1639:unbarred
1597:unbarred
1566:Galaxies
1529:Archived
1453:54764264
1064:21 April
1038:10 April
689:(1936).
627:See also
606:NGC 3597
368:4C 73.08
266:Maffei 1
232:NGC 4697
192:3C 244.1
186:Examples
2186:Quasars
2154:Nearest
2149:Largest
2050:cluster
1883:Seyfert
1431:Bibcode
1372:Bibcode
1198:Bibcode
1103:Bibcode
982:Bibcode
888:Bibcode
847:Bibcode
796:Bibcode
784:: A51.
724:Alt URL
333:IC 2006
312:in the
251:IC 1101
125:in his
58:improve
2338:Portal
2169:Spiral
2072:merger
1851:Quasar
1836:Blazar
1774:corona
1690:barred
1666:spiral
1614:barred
1609:anemic
1604:Spiral
1592:barred
1502:
1451:
1392:
1224:
1216:
1123:
1010:
1002:
717:
707:
376:bulges
347:, few
288:NeVe 1
135:spiral
111:galaxy
47:, but
2206:Voids
2131:Lists
2109:Walls
2045:group
2030:Field
1924:ELIRG
1919:HLIRG
1914:ULIRG
1871:DRAGN
1861:Radio
1841:LINER
1735:Bulge
1707:Polar
1472:8 May
1449:S2CID
1421:arXiv
1390:S2CID
1362:arXiv
1285:8 May
1222:S2CID
1188:arXiv
1121:S2CID
1093:arXiv
1008:S2CID
972:arXiv
960:(PDF)
837:arXiv
786:arXiv
317:Virgo
304:) an
179:stars
2164:Ring
1769:Halo
1757:Disc
1702:Ring
1582:Disc
1500:ISBN
1474:2023
1287:2023
1262:2017
1214:ISSN
1153:2024
1066:2015
1040:2019
1032:Time
1000:ISSN
715:OCLC
705:ISBN
594:and
490:The
447:The
302:4406
137:and
1941:pea
1730:Bar
1439:doi
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1380:doi
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1206:doi
1111:doi
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990:doi
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896:doi
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855:doi
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804:doi
782:631
378:of
308:or
298:M86
105:An
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