231:
96:
577:
51:
70:
1833:
439:
means "cave" and was given because of the location of its discovery. However, Lamberton apparently had at most three skeletons of the living fossa, not nearly enough to capture the range of variation in that species, and some later authors did not separate
653:
is 122.7 to 146.8 mm (4.83 to 5.78 in), averaging 137.9 mm (5.43 in), compared to 108.5 to 127.5 mm (4.27 to 5.02 in), averaging 116.1 mm (4.57 in), in the extant fossa. Body mass estimates for
360:, but there is no evidence that the two lived in the same places at the same time. Living species of comparably sized, related carnivores in other regions manage to coexist, suggesting that the same may have happened with both
890:
bones makes it uncertain whether the two species lived in the same region at the same time. The size ratio between the two species is within the range of ratios seen between similar-sized living
917:. No subfossil evidence has been found to definitively show that lemurs were its prey; this assumption is based on the diet of the smaller, extant species of fossa. Other possible prey include
1823:
641:(a measure of total skull length) could be ascertained measured 153.4 mm (6.04 in), compared to a range of 114.5 to 133.3 mm (4.51 to 5.25 in) in adult
1493:
Burney, D.A.; Burney, L.P.; Godfrey, L.R.; Jungers, W.L.; Goodman, S.M.; Wright, H.T.; Jull, A.J.T. (2004). "A chronology for late prehistoric
Madagascar".
2016:
1822:
1916:
517:
in 1658 as a large, rare, leopard-like carnivore that eats men and calves and lives in remote mountainous areas; it may have been the giant fossa.
349:
became extinct is unknown; there is some anecdotal evidence, including reports of very large fossas, that there is more than one surviving species.
1838:
1617:
870:
cave sites from the northern end of
Madagascar along the west coast to the far south, and in the central highlands. Some sites have yielded both
1996:
1735:
Turvey, S.T. (2009). "In the shadow of the megafauna: prehistoric mammal and bird extinctions across the
Holocene". In Turvey, Samuel T (ed.).
658:
range from 17 kg (37 lb) to 20 kg (44 lb), and it was among the largest carnivores of the island. By comparison, adult
478:
as the name for the larger form of the fossa, Goodman and colleagues designated a specimen to serve as the type specimen (specifically, a
972:"). There are also some anecdotal records of very large living fossas, such as a 2 m (7 ft), 30 kg (70 lb) fossa at
1752:
1568:
356:
bones found in a variety of caves in northern, western, southern, and central
Madagascar. In some sites, it occurs with remains of
1597:
Goodman, S.M.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Rakotondravony, D. (2003). "Introduction to the mammals". In
Goodman, S.M.; Benstead, J.P. (eds.).
1955:
976:. Goodman and colleagues suggested that further research may demonstrate that there is more than one species of fossa yet alive.
610:
account of the fossa, Michael Köhncke and Klaus
Leonhardt wrote that the two were morphologically identical. However, remains of
1606:
1587:
2011:
345:
was larger than the fossa, but otherwise similar. The two have not always been accepted as distinct species. When and how
2006:
1857:
333:
It was first described in 1902, and in 1935 was recognized as a separate species from its closest relative, the living
95:
513:
to this species. The specific name refers to the "antamba", an animal allegedly from southern
Madagascar described by
372:
would have been able to prey on larger animals than its smaller relative could have, including the recently extinct
1907:
428:. The generic name translates to "hidden anus" referring to the fact that the anus is hidden by anal sacs in
433:
1853:
779:
1869:
514:
638:
995:
926:
791:
201:
1636:
986:
mammal known from
Madagascar; recently extinct (non-carnivoran) Madagascan animals also include large
420:
in 1939 and agreed with Petit in recognizing 2 species, naming this species from a specimen found at
1445:
597:
385:
220:
1671:
1048:
421:
230:
59:
1744:
2001:
1786:
1710:
1547:
1463:
1420:
883:
816:
262:
90:
909:-like" predator, and in addition to smaller prey it may have eaten some of the big, now extinct
755:
898:
found in the same areas, suggesting that the two species may have been able to occur together.
1748:
1602:
1583:
1564:
1539:
1510:
1481:
1139:
606:
451:
413:
828:
1947:
1778:
1740:
1700:
1666:
1531:
1502:
1471:
1453:
1412:
1131:
1043:
716:
1968:
910:
373:
1449:
581:
393:
334:
1763:
1648:
1578:
Goodman, S.M. (2003). "Predation on lemurs". In
Goodman, S.M.; Benstead, J.P. (eds.).
1025:
50:
1990:
1942:
1657:
1476:
1433:
1034:
991:
950:
471:
80:
1790:
1551:
1119:
392:
carnivoran remains from two caves on
Madagascar as a larger "variety" of the living
879:
742:
561:
557:
177:
576:
458:
measurements that was published in a 2004 article. They found that some subfossil
1821:
1764:"Megafaunal extinction in the late Quaternary and the global overkill hypothesis"
1506:
1960:
1929:
1901:
895:
1892:
1782:
1135:
630:
601:
553:
537:
323:
319:
315:
167:
157:
74:
1143:
983:
973:
703:
691:
600:
differences between the two fossa species have been described, these may be
541:
389:
353:
147:
107:
1543:
1514:
1485:
1458:
17:
1973:
1345:
Goodman et al., 2004, pp. 138–140; Colquhoun, 2006, pp. 148, 156
1282:
Personal communication from R. Dewer in Burness et al., 2001, table 1
1886:
1403:
Alcover, J.A.; McMinn, M. (1994). "Predators of Vertebrates on Islands".
922:
867:
565:
549:
545:
490:
425:
327:
127:
41:
1841:
was created from a revision of this article dated 19 July 2023
956:
Local people on Madagascar often recognize two forms of fossa, a larger
1921:
1714:
1467:
1424:
891:
803:
767:
646:
494:
479:
1535:
1934:
918:
906:
729:
137:
117:
1863:
1705:
1688:
1434:"Dinosaurs, dragons, and dwarfs: The evolution of maximal body size"
1416:
633:
measurements were 1.19 to 1.37 times as large. The only specimen of
987:
575:
502:
498:
1318:
Goodman et al., 2003, pp. 1167–1168; 2004, pp. 140–141
520:
Goodman and colleagues could not locate Lamberton's material of
1867:
662:
range from 5 kg (11 lb) to 10 kg (22 lb).
454:
and colleagues, using larger samples, compiled another set of
1819:
560:
studies suggest that the Eupleridae form a single natural (
1616:
Goodman, S.M.; Rasoloarison, R.M.; Ganzhorn, J.U. (2004).
1762:
Wroe, S.; Field, J.; Fullagar, R.; Jermin, L.S. (2004).
866:
Subfossil remains of the giant fossa have been found in
1522:
Colquhoun, I.C. (2006). "Predation and Cathemerality".
669:
493:(lower jaw) with abnormally broad spacing between the
1381:
Goodman et al., 2003, p. 1168; 2004, p. 141
1336:
Goodman, 2003, quoted in Colquhoun, 2006, p. 148
1216:
Goodman et al., 2003, p. 1169; 2004, p. 131
874:
and smaller remains referable to the living species,
1771:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
1120:"On some of the external characters of Cryptoprocta"
1876:
1722:Lamberton, C. (1939). "Les Cryptoprocta fossiles".
1601:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 1159–1186.
1582:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 1221–1228.
1005:may have changed predation dynamics on Madagascar.
1432:Burness, G.P.; Diamond, J.; Flannery, T. (2001).
524:, but suggested that it was based on an abnormal
901:With its large size and massive jaws and teeth,
1672:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136456A45221489.en
1438:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1049:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136456A45221489.en
941:went extinct is not known; it is possible that
1832:
505:(lower leg bone) intermediate in size between
462:fell outside the range of variation of living
1618:"On the specific identification of subfossil
625:were 1.07 to 1.32 times as large as in adult
27:Extinct species of carnivoran from Madagascar
8:
564:) group and are most closely related to the
1739:. Oxford University Press. pp. 17–40.
1864:
229:
68:
49:
31:
1745:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199535095.003.0002
1704:
1670:
1475:
1457:
1233:
1231:
1155:
1153:
1047:
540:, which also includes the other Malagasy
1849:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
1176:
1174:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
408:. G. Petit, writing in 1935, considered
330:and includes all Malagasy carnivorans.
1561:Mammals of Madagascar: A Complete Guide
1013:
466:, and identified those as representing
1622:(Mammalia, Carnivora) from Madagascar"
1264:Köhncke and Leonhardt, 1986, p. 2
1189:Goodman et al., 2004, pp. 136–137
1124:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
1108:Goodman et al., 2004, pp. 130–131
1099:Alcover and McMinn, 1994, table 1
1019:
1017:
485:Lamberton recognized a third species,
326:which is most closely related to the
7:
1363:Alcover and McMinn, 1994, p. 14
604:(growth-related), and in their 1986
1687:Köhncke, M.; Leonhardt, K. (1986).
1658:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1035:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
913:that would have been too large for
1647:Hoffmann, M.; Hawkins, F. (2015).
1300:Burness et al., 2001, table 1
1273:Goodman et al., 2004, table 1
1159:Goodman et al., 2003, p. 1167
1024:Hoffmann, M.; Hawkins, F. (2015).
649:(upper arm bone) length in twelve
621:Goodman and colleagues found that
497:at the back. He also referred two
470:. Grandidier had not designated a
25:
2017:Prehistoric animals of Madagascar
1599:The Natural History of Madagascar
1580:The Natural History of Madagascar
1372:Goodman et al., 2004, p. 140
1327:Goodman et al., 2004, p. 138
1237:Goodman et al., 2004, p. 137
1180:Goodman et al., 2004, p. 136
1168:Goodman et al., 2004, p. 131
1090:Goodman et al., 2004, p. 130
1076:Goodman et al., 2004, p. 141
474:for the species, and to maintain
412:to represent a distinct species.
1831:
568:of Eurasia and mainland Africa.
94:
1724:Mémoires de l'Académie malgache
1390:Burney et al., 2004, p. 25
1291:Wroe et al., 2004, p. 297
416:reviewed subfossil and living
1:
1997:IUCN Red List extinct species
1635:(1): 129–143. Archived from
1507:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.005
1255:Lamberton, 1939, p. 182
1207:Lamberton, 1939, p. 193
1198:Lamberton, 1939, p. 191
1354:Goodman, 2003, p. 1227
945:went extinct before 1400.
882:knowledge and no available
614:are larger than any living
588:) is a smaller relative of
2033:
1495:Journal of Human Evolution
1309:Garbutt, 2007, p. 211
1246:Garbutt, 2007, p. 208
878:; however, lack of robust
528:. Together, the fossa and
352:The species is known from
1783:10.1080/03115510408619286
1136:10.1080/00222931608693806
839:
268:
261:
237:
228:
207:
200:
91:Scientific classification
89:
66:
57:
48:
34:
1225:Turvey, 2009, p. 34
666:Distribution and ecology
501:(upper leg bones) and a
996:Malagasy hippopotamuses
927:Malagasy hippopotamuses
1827:
1807:Listen to this article
1665:: e.T136456A45221489.
1459:10.1073/pnas.251548698
1042:: e.T136456A45221489.
593:
1826:
1118:Pocock, R.I. (1916).
579:
2012:Holocene extinctions
1858:More spoken articles
1737:Holocene Extinctions
1642:on 27 November 2006.
1559:Garbutt, N. (2007).
982:is the only extinct
592:that still survives.
522:Cryptoprocta antamba
489:, on the basis of a
487:Cryptoprocta antamba
386:Guillaume Grandidier
310:, also known as the
293:Cryptoprocta antamba
238:Subfossil sites for
2007:Extinct carnivorans
1908:Cryptoprocta spelea
1878:Cryptoprocta spelea
1651:Cryptoprocta spelea
1563:. A & C Black.
1524:Folia Primatologica
1450:2001PNAS...9814518B
1444:(25): 14518–14523.
1028:Cryptoprocta spelea
905:was a formidable, "
672:
639:condylobasal length
515:Étienne de Flacourt
495:condyloid processes
307:Cryptoprocta spelea
284:Cryptoprocta spelea
279:G. Grandidier, 1902
214:Cryptoprocta spelea
60:Conservation status
36:Cryptoprocta spelea
1828:
1691:Cryptoprocta ferox
1001:The extinction of
884:radiocarbon dating
670:
594:
586:Cryptoprocta ferox
536:within the family
398:Cryptoprocta ferox
339:Cryptoprocta ferox
318:of carnivore from
272:Cryptoprocta ferox
1984:
1983:
1870:Taxon identifiers
1824:
1697:Mammalian Species
1536:10.1159/000089701
964:") and a smaller
925:, and even young
864:
863:
780:Lakaton'ny akanga
671:Collection sites
607:Mammalian Species
414:Charles Lamberton
303:
302:
297:
289:
280:
84:
77: (pre 1658)
16:(Redirected from
2024:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1963:
1951:
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1938:
1937:
1925:
1924:
1912:
1911:
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1846:
1835:
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1825:
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1813:
1808:
1794:
1768:
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1555:
1530:(1–2): 143–165.
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1397:Literature cited
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911:subfossil lemurs
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40:Temporal range:
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1202:
1197:
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1179:
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1117:
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1112:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1080:
1075:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1011:
935:
840:Abbreviations:
668:
574:
532:form the genus
424:near the place
382:
316:extinct species
296:Lamberton, 1939
224:
218:
210:
209:
196:
93:
85:
73:
69:
62:
44:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1965:
1952:
1939:
1926:
1913:
1898:
1882:
1880:
1874:
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1868:
1851:
1837:
1830:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:External links
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1777:(1): 291–331.
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992:elephant birds
980:C. spelea
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939:C. spelea
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656:C. spelea
651:C. spelea
635:C. spelea
612:C. spelea
596:Although some
573:
570:
530:C. spelea
526:C. spelea
507:C. spelea
476:C. spelea
468:C. spelea
452:Steven Goodman
442:C. spelea
422:Ankazoabo Cave
381:
378:
370:C. spelea
362:C. spelea
343:C. spelea
322:in the family
301:
300:
299:
298:
290:
281:
266:
265:
259:
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252:C. spelea
244:C. spelea
242:species: blue—
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193:C. spelea
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145:
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131:
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111:
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105:
101:
100:
87:
86:
67:
64:
63:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2029:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
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2005:
2003:
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1998:
1995:
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1975:
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1966:
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1936:
1931:
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1623:
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1604:
1600:
1595:
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1576:
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1566:
1562:
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1549:
1545:
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1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
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1516:
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1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
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951:IUCN Red List
948:
944:
940:
937:Why and when
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
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915:C. ferox
912:
908:
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886:on subfossil
885:
881:
880:stratigraphic
877:
876:C. ferox
873:
869:
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857:C. ferox
854:
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627:C. ferox
624:
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613:
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472:type specimen
469:
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464:C. ferox
461:
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448:as species.
447:
446:C. ferox
443:
438:
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245:
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1696:
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1632:
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634:
626:
622:
620:
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611:
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562:monophyletic
558:DNA sequence
534:Cryptoprocta
533:
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467:
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460:Cryptoprocta
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455:
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418:Cryptoprocta
417:
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383:
374:giant lemurs
369:
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239:
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179:Cryptoprocta
178:
35:
29:
1930:iNaturalist
1902:Wikispecies
960:(or "black
958:fosa mainty
817:Tsiandroina
631:postcranial
572:Description
542:carnivorans
312:giant fossa
288:Petit, 1935
18:Giant fossa
1991:Categories
1854:Audio help
1845:2023-07-19
1730:: 155–193.
1629:Zoosystema
1608:0226303063
1589:0226303063
1405:BioScience
1009:References
984:carnivoran
949:is on the
933:Extinction
921:, smaller
756:Bemafandry
602:allometric
554:Galidiinae
552:, and the
538:Eupleridae
388:described
324:Eupleridae
320:Madagascar
168:Eupleridae
158:Feliformia
154:Suborder:
2002:Euplerids
1144:0374-5481
974:Morondava
966:fosa mena
923:euplerids
896:mongooses
704:Antsirabe
692:Ankazoabo
637:in which
590:C. spelea
566:mongooses
550:fanalokas
390:subfossil
384:In 1902,
354:subfossil
347:C. spelea
328:mongooses
186:Species:
148:Carnivora
114:Kingdom:
108:Eukaryota
1893:Q1716674
1887:Wikidata
1856: ·
1791:84785550
1678:27 March
1552:34211531
1544:16415583
1515:15288523
1486:11724953
1055:27 March
868:Holocene
546:falanouc
491:mandible
430:C. ferox
426:Itampolo
402:C. ferox
380:Taxonomy
314:, is an
263:Synonyms
246:; green—
164:Family:
138:Mammalia
128:Chordata
124:Phylum:
118:Animalia
104:Domain:
81:IUCN 3.1
42:Holocene
1961:1006029
1922:5787251
1843: (
1814:minutes
1715:3503919
1468:3057309
1446:Bibcode
1425:1312401
919:tenrecs
829:Tsiravé
804:Manombo
768:Betioky
647:Humerus
480:neotype
211:†
190:†
174:Genus:
144:Order:
134:Class:
79: (
75:Extinct
1974:200498
1948:136456
1789:
1751:
1713:
1605:
1586:
1567:
1550:
1542:
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1484:
1474:
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994:, and
988:lemurs
730:Beloha
717:Behova
629:, and
623:spelea
548:, the
499:femora
437:spelea
432:. The
410:spelea
406:spelea
276:spelea
254:; red—
223:, 1902
1935:74231
1787:S2CID
1767:(PDF)
1711:JSTOR
1640:(PDF)
1625:(PDF)
1548:S2CID
1477:64714
1464:JSTOR
1421:JSTOR
792:Lelia
582:fossa
544:—the
503:tibia
404:var.
394:fossa
335:fossa
274:var.
1943:IUCN
1917:GBIF
1749:ISBN
1680:2021
1663:2015
1603:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1540:PMID
1511:PMID
1482:PMID
1140:ISSN
1057:2021
1040:2015
907:puma
894:and
892:cats
853:fer.
844:spe.
685:fer.
680:spe.
676:Site
580:The
509:and
444:and
364:and
250:and
1956:MDD
1779:doi
1741:doi
1701:doi
1667:doi
1532:doi
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1472:PMC
1454:doi
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