42:
1016:
840:
86:
228:
761:
487:
61:
856:). Tawny nurse sharks are primarily nocturnal, though they are said to be active at all hours off Madagascar, and in captivity they will become diurnally active if presented with food. During the day, groups of two dozen or more sharks can be found resting inside caves and under ledges, often stacked atop one another. Individual sharks have small home ranges that they consistently return to each day.
777:
in front of the nostrils. The mouth is small, with the lower lip divided into three lobes. There are 29–33 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 26–28 tooth rows in the lower jaw, arranged in an imbricate (overlapping) pattern with the outermost 2–4 functional rows separated from the rest
1077:
due to their habit of spinning. They are also capable of spitting a powerful jet of water into the faces of their captors, making grunting noises in between jets (making the tawny shark one of the few species of sharks to produce a noise);whether this is a deliberate defensive behavior is uncertain.
1076:
processed into fishmeal. In addition, the liver is a source of oil and vitamins, and the thick, tough skin is made into leather products. Off
Queensland, Australia, the tawny nurse shark is valued by big-game anglers. When hooked, large individuals are tenacious opponents and are difficult to subdue
1023:
Encounters with tawny nurse sharks underwater indicate a more docile demeanor than the similar nurse shark; usually divers are able to approach the sharks closely and even touch and play with them without incident. However, this species has been infrequently provoked into biting, and merits respect
806:
are diamond-shaped, bearing 4–5 faint ridges radiating from a blunt point. Tawny nurse sharks are yellowish, reddish, or grayish brown above and off-white below, and are capable of slowly changing their color to better blend with the environment. Young sharks have starkly white lower eyelids.
793:
are angular, with the first dorsal fin larger than the second. The pectoral fins are narrow, pointed, and falcate (sickle-shaped); their shape separates this species from the similar-looking nurse shark. The origin of the first dorsal fin is about even with the origin of the pelvic fins, while the
1092:, destructive fishing practices (e.g. poisons and explosives, especially prevalent off Indonesia and the Philippines), and human harassment. Localized declines or extirpations of the tawny nurse shark have been documented off India and Thailand. Off Australia, this species has been assessed as of
1002:
eggs into each uterus, the very large size of the newborns suggest that the litter size may be as few as one or two. In one examined female that had two embryos sharing a single uterus, one embryo was much smaller and thinner than the other, implying that competition may eliminate the additional
576:
for this species include giant sleepy shark, Madame X (a name coined by the shark fisherman Norman
Caldwell in the 1930s for the then-unidentified Australian specimens), nurse shark, rusty catshark, rusty shark, sleepy shark, spitting shark, and tawny shark. Based on
847:
With a more streamlined form than other nurse sharks, the tawny nurse shark is believed to be a less benthic, more active swimmer. The characteristics of its body, head, fins, and teeth are comparable to other active reef sharks sharing its range, such as the
441:
Compared to the nurse shark, the tawny nurse shark has a more placid disposition and will often allow divers to touch and play with it. However, it should be accorded respect due to its powerful jaws and sharp teeth. This species is caught by
768:
The tawny nurse shark grows to a maximum length of 3.2 m (10 ft). It has a robust, cylindrical body with a broadly rounded and flattened head. The eyes are small and face laterally, with prominent ridges over them and smaller
748:, often in water barely deep enough to cover its body, to a maximum depth of 70 m (230 ft) on coral reefs; it is most common at a depth of 5–30 m (16–98 ft). Young sharks are generally found in the shallow areas of
810:
Many tawny nurse sharks found off the coasts of Japan, Taiwan, and the Ryukyu
Islands lack a second dorsal fin. This physical abnormality has been speculated to result from pregnant females being exposed to water of unusually high
1055:
The tawny nurse shark is taken by commercial fisheries operating throughout its range, including off
Pakistan, India, Thailand, and the Philippines; an exception is in Australian waters, where it is only taken in small numbers as
951:), and the occasional sea snake. Hunting tawny nurse sharks swim slowly just above the sea floor, poking their heads into depressions and holes. When a prey item is found, the shark forcefully expands its large, muscular
1386:
Teshima, K.; Kamei, Y.; Toda, M. & Uchida, S. (December 1995). "Reproductive Mode of the Tawny Nurse Shark Taken from the
Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, Japan with Comments on Individuals Lacking the Second Dorsal Fin".
782:, with a broad base rising to a small, sharp central point flanked by 3 or more smaller cusps on both sides. As the shark ages, the teeth become relatively taller and thicker. The fourth and fifth pairs of
998:
Various authors have reported the length at birth anywhere from 40 to 80 cm (16 to 31 in), with the discrepancy possibly reflecting geographic variation. Although females release up to four
983:: once the developing embryos exhaust their supply of yolk, they gorge on eggs produced by the mother and acquire the distended abdomen characteristic of such oophagous embryos. Unlike in
1119:
Simpfendorfer, C.; Derrick, D.; , D.; Bin Ali, A.; Fahmi, Vo, V.Q.; Tanay, D.; Seyha, L.; Haque, A.B.; Fernando, D.; Bineesh, K.K.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Yuneni, R.R.; Maung, A. (2021).
364:
beds from very shallow water to a depth of 70 m (230 ft). With a cylindrical body and a broad, flattened head, the tawny nurse shark is quite similar in appearance to the
386:
in habits, the tawny nurse shark tends to spend the day resting in piles of two dozen or more individuals inside caves or under ledges. At night, it is an active-swimming
1084:(IUCN) has assessed the tawny nurse shark as Vulnerable worldwide, as it faces heavy fishing pressure and its low reproductive and dispersal rates limit the ability of
1165:
971:
hatch inside the uterus; females in captivity have been documented depositing up to 52 non-viable egg capsules, which has led to erroneous reports of this shark being
2470:
1485:
1081:
467:
2509:
1501:
1566:
1516:
1235:
2599:
2679:
2444:
2483:
987:, the eggs consumed by the embryos are large and shelled rather than small and undeveloped. There is no evidence of sibling cannibalism as in the
1308:
Goto, T. (2001). "Comparative
Anatomy, Phylogeny and Cladistic Classification of the Order Orectolobiformes (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)".
827:, Japan. This anomalous individual is the largest albino shark known to date, having survived for a long time in the wild despite its lack of
2674:
2535:
1007:
at a length of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in), and females at a length of 2.3–2.9 m (7 ft 7 in – 9 ft 6 in).
2664:
979:
of this species are onion-shaped, with thin, brown, translucent shells. The tawny nurse shark is the only carpet shark in which there is
542:
in 1984. Compagno recognized that the tooth shape differences used to separate these species were the result of differences in age, with
2614:
819:, possibly from human activity. In 1986, a 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) long adult male with both a missing dorsal fin and partial
2659:
2654:
1261:
1211:
1284:
2571:
2669:
1889:
1559:
2488:
2624:
1024:
due to its strength, small but sharp teeth, and extremely powerful jaws. Tawny nurse sharks are favored attractions for
963:
Mating in the tawny nurse shark is known to occur from July to August off
Madagascar. Adult females have one functional
2619:
2609:
2604:
2405:
2379:
915:
The tawny nurse shark may be one of the few fishes specializing in preying on octopus. Other known food items include
802:
has a shallow upper lobe and barely present lower lobe, comprising about a quarter of the total length in adults. The
1457:
Smale, M.J. (August 29, 1996). "Cephalopods as Prey. IV. Fishes" in "The Role of
Cephalopods in the World's Oceans".
499:
1052:, where they may become tame enough to be hand-fed. An Australian woman was bitten while hand feeding them in 2018.
2649:
2514:
2166:
2639:
2634:
1856:
1838:
1552:
1360:
Taniuchi, T. & Yanagisawa, F. (1987). "Albinism and lack of second dorsal fin in an adult tawny nurse shark,
1329:"Chondrichthyan Fauna from the Pirabas Formation, Miocene of Northern Brazil, with Comments on Paleobiogeography"
976:
717:). The presence of these fossils indicates that the range of the tawny nurse shark once extended to the tropical
85:
2629:
2157:
1865:
1820:
2397:
625:
The tawny nurse shark is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. In the Indian Ocean, it is found from
2644:
2074:
2011:
1513:
1232:
685:, to as far south as the northern coast of Australia. In the central Pacific, it has been reported from off
562:
2334:
1905:
1761:
1752:
770:
594:
2410:
2208:
2029:
1922:
1159:
849:
415:
217:
200:
2576:
2366:
2235:
2199:
2047:
1946:
1847:
1811:
1672:
1663:
578:
1143:
1987:
1914:
1802:
1089:
824:
50:
41:
1036:, and elsewhere. This species also adapts well to captivity and is displayed in public aquaria in
1015:
2226:
2175:
2092:
2038:
1937:
1898:
1690:
1439:
1045:
967:
and two functional uteruses. The mode of reproduction is aplacental viviparity, meaning that the
859:
The tawny nurse shark has few natural predators; attacks on this species have been reported from
654:
535:
471:
443:
329:
240:
167:
80:
65:
423:
2475:
839:
438:. The litter size may be as small as one or two, based on the large size of near-term embryos.
2548:
2418:
2217:
2116:
2107:
2083:
2056:
1829:
1431:
1257:
1207:
764:
The sickle-shaped pectoral fins of the tawny nurse shark are one of its characteristic traits.
729:
722:
705:. Fossil teeth belonging to this species have been found in the Pirabas Formation of northern
515:
514:. A more detailed description, along with an illustration, was published by German naturalist
227:
372:) of the Atlantic and East Pacific, from which it can be distinguished by its pointed-tipped
2563:
2553:
2065:
1576:
1466:
1423:
1340:
1138:
1088:
populations to recover. Furthermore, this shark's inshore habitat renders it susceptible to
988:
868:
774:
760:
698:
539:
475:
326:
2501:
2384:
466:, Australia, and is known for its habit of spitting water in the faces of its captors. The
2522:
1928:
1520:
1239:
1204:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
1068:, and on hook-and-line. The meat is sold fresh or dried and salted, the fins are used for
1033:
1004:
803:
779:
447:
486:
2148:
2134:
2020:
1978:
1779:
1629:
1613:
1607:
1085:
1069:
718:
678:
137:
127:
1242:. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Retrieved on June 7, 2009.
1120:
2593:
2496:
1793:
1536:
1280:
1129:
1093:
1041:
999:
710:
686:
626:
431:
70:
1443:
2423:
2190:
1880:
904:
638:
630:
573:
403:
380:. The maximum recorded length of the tawny nurse shark is 3.2 m (10 ft).
377:
349:
322:
157:
17:
2457:
2371:
2309:
2300:
2290:
2272:
2263:
2253:
2002:
1713:
1704:
1648:
1639:
984:
940:
884:
876:
816:
674:
610:
602:
373:
365:
1964:
1601:
1544:
1486:"Shark feeding in Kimberley ends with painful lesson after Perth woman bitten"
1025:
944:
924:
920:
892:
860:
799:
790:
737:
714:
658:
646:
507:
463:
2357:
1530:
1049:
972:
955:, creating a powerful negative pressure that sucks the prey into its mouth.
948:
783:
745:
682:
650:
459:
411:
407:
398:
from inside holes and crevices. The diet of this species consists mainly of
383:
357:
345:
97:
1470:
1435:
2527:
1345:
1328:
1206:. Vol. 2. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. pp. 195–199.
2431:
2351:
1595:
1293:
1065:
1029:
896:
820:
812:
798:
is even with or somewhat behind the origin of the second dorsal fin. The
795:
733:
662:
455:
387:
361:
117:
1310:
Memoirs of the
Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University
823:(in the form of white body color with gray-brown eyes) was captured off
426:
inside the mother. It is the only carpet shark in which the embryos are
2449:
2436:
1057:
1019:
The tawny nurse shark is prized by recreational anglers off Queensland.
980:
952:
932:
828:
634:
523:
451:
427:
399:
391:
337:
318:
177:
2462:
2392:
1589:
1508:
1037:
968:
749:
706:
702:
435:
419:
107:
2328:
1427:
1406:
Caira, J.N.; Tracy, R. & Euzet, L. (2004). "Five new species of
1619:
1073:
1061:
1014:
964:
936:
916:
838:
759:
694:
690:
670:
666:
642:
590:
569:
485:
333:
147:
1524:
506:, based on a 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) long specimen from
2540:
928:
875:), while the related nurse shark has been known to fall prey to
752:, while adults may be encountered across a variety of habitats.
741:
395:
353:
2332:
1548:
498:
The tawny nurse shark was first described by French naturalist
1410:(Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) from the Tawny nurse shark,
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
474:, with subpopulations in several areas already diminished or
1389:
Bulletin of the Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute
843:
Tawny nurse sharks often rest piled together during the day.
1525:
Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department
526:. Both names were retained, often in separate genera (
512:
Voyage au tour du monde, sur la corvette La Coquille
2341:
2298:
2289:
2261:
2252:
2188:
2146:
2133:
2105:
2000:
1976:
1963:
1878:
1791:
1778:
1750:
1726:
1702:
1689:
1661:
1637:
1628:
728:An inshore species, the tawny nurse shark inhabits
665:. In the western Pacific, it occurs from southern
786:are placed much closer together than the others.
732:and insular shelves over sandy flats or beds of
1459:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences
1381:
1379:
1144:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T41835A173437098.en
490:Early illustration of a tawny nurse shark from
1082:International Union for Conservation of Nature
468:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1560:
510:. His short account was published in 1831 in
470:(IUCN) has assessed the tawny nurse shark as
8:
1164:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1096:, as there it is not targeted by fisheries.
1197:
1195:
2329:
2295:
2258:
2143:
1973:
1788:
1699:
1634:
1567:
1553:
1545:
1275:
1273:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
778:by a narrow space. Each tooth resembles a
773:behind. There are a pair of long, slender
226:
59:
40:
31:
1344:
1142:
446:across most of its range for meat, fins,
1227:
1225:
1223:
895:of this species include five species of
434:produced by the mother while inside the
1104:
1514:Biological Profiles: Tawny Nurse Shark
1233:Biological Profiles: Tawny Nurse Shark
1157:
1060:. This shark is caught using demersal
736:, as well as along the outer edges of
585:is believed to be the sister genus of
7:
332:, and the only extant member of the
1333:Anuário do Instituto de Geociências
1130:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
744:. This shark may be found from the
561:, meaning the skin of a fawn. The
546:representing younger individuals.
25:
1890:Indonesian speckled carpetshark (
599:Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum
2600:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
721:, prior to the formation of the
84:
2680:Extant Danian first appearances
1366:Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
553:is derived from the Greek word
534:respectively), until they were
522:, based on a specimen from the
235:Range of the tawny nurse shark
589:, with both being placed in a
402:, though they also take other
1:
2167:Taiwan saddled carpetshark (
1064:, floating and fixed bottom
2665:Vulnerable fauna of Oceania
1857:Whitespotted bamboo shark (
1416:The Journal of Parasitology
903:, which infest the shark's
458:. It is also esteemed as a
2696:
2615:Marine fish of East Africa
2158:Barbelthroat carpetshark (
1866:Brownbanded bamboo shark (
1821:Bluespotted bamboo shark (
1540:@ fishesofaustralia.net.au
1256:. E.M. Grant. p. 18.
572:for "rust-colored". Other
376:and narrow, sickle-shaped
2675:Taxa named by René Lesson
2075:Dwarf spotted wobbegong (
2012:Floral banded wobbegong (
1584:
1414:, in the Pacific Ocean".
1327:dos Reis, M.A.F. (2005).
1202:Compagno, L.J.V. (2002).
344:It is found widely along
277:Nebrodes concolor ogilbyi
246:
239:
234:
225:
206:
199:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2660:Vulnerable fauna of Asia
2655:Danian first appearances
2139:(Collared carpet sharks)
1906:Papuan epaulette shark (
1839:Hasselt's bamboo shark (
1784:(Longtail carpet sharks)
1762:Short-tail nurse shark (
1283:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
621:Distribution and habitat
256:Ginglymostoma rueppellii
2209:Elongate carpet shark (
1003:siblings. Males attain
593:that also contains the
2670:Fish described in 1831
2236:Necklace carpetshark (
2200:Collared carpetshark (
2048:Indonesian wobbegong (
1947:Speckled carpetshark (
1848:Slender bamboo shark (
1812:Burmese bamboo shark (
1673:Bluegrey carpetshark (
1471:10.1098/rstb.1996.0094
1137:: e.T41835A173437098.
1020:
889:Negaprion brevirostris
844:
765:
595:short-tail nurse shark
495:
492:Fauna of British India
482:Taxonomy and phylogeny
370:Ginglymostoma cirratum
249:Ginglymostoma muelleri
1988:Tasselled wobbegong (
1803:Arabian carpetshark (
1533:on Sealife Collection
1346:10.11137/2005_2_31-58
1018:
939:, small fishes (e.g.
850:sicklefin lemon shark
842:
763:
709:, dating back to the
500:René-Primevère Lesson
489:
416:aplacental viviparous
390:that uses a powerful
2227:Ginger carpetshark (
2176:Saddle carpetshark (
2093:Northern wobbegong (
2039:Japanese wobbegong (
1938:Hooded carpetshark (
1297:. June 2009 version.
1252:Grant, E.M. (1987).
504:Scyllium ferrugineum
444:commercial fisheries
291:Scyllium ferrugineum
2625:Fish of the Red Sea
2398:nebrius-ferrugineus
2385:Nebrius_ferrugineus
2343:Nebrius ferrugineus
2218:Rusty carpetshark (
2117:Cobbler wobbegong (
2084:Network wobbegong (
2057:Spotted wobbegong (
2030:Western wobbegong (
1830:Grey bamboo shark (
1823:C. caerulopunctatum
1753:Pseudoginglymostoma
1738:Tawny nurse shark (
1505:, Tawny nurse shark
1503:Nebrius ferrugineus
1465:(1343): 1067–1081.
1412:Nebrius ferrugineus
1287:Nebrius ferrugineus
1254:Fishes of Australia
1123:Nebrius ferrugineus
1090:habitat degradation
865:Carcharhinus leucas
854:Negaprion acutidens
835:Biology and ecology
825:Wakayama Prefecture
615:Stegostoma tigrinum
315:Nebrius ferrugineus
210:Nebrius ferrugineus
192:N. ferrugineus
51:Conservation status
2620:Fish of South Asia
2610:Ovoviviparous fish
2605:Ginglymostomatidae
2229:P. sparsimaculatum
2066:Ornate wobbegong (
1691:Ginglymostomatidae
1538:Debris ferrugineus
1519:2012-05-24 at the
1238:2012-05-24 at the
1021:
1011:Human interactions
845:
766:
655:Chagos Archipelago
496:
330:Ginglymostomatidae
168:Ginglymostomatidae
35:Tawny nurse shark
18:Giant sleepy shark
2650:Quaternary sharks
2587:
2586:
2549:Open Tree of Life
2335:Taxon identifiers
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2285:
2284:
2248:
2247:
2129:
2128:
2077:O. parvimaculatus
1959:
1958:
1929:Epaulette shark (
1774:
1773:
1685:
1684:
1531:Tawny nurse shark
1026:ecotourist divers
993:Carcharias taurus
881:Galeocerdo cuvier
869:great hammerheads
723:Isthmus of Panama
669:and the coast of
633:northward to the
394:force to extract
311:tawny nurse shark
307:
306:
302:
295:
288:
284:Nebrodes macrurus
281:
274:
267:
260:
253:
74:
16:(Redirected from
2687:
2640:Paleogene sharks
2635:Paleocene sharks
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2544:
2543:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2491:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2330:
2296:
2259:
2144:
2140:
2050:O. leptolineatus
2021:Gulf wobbegong (
1974:
1970:
1789:
1785:
1764:P. brevicaudatum
1700:
1696:
1635:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1546:
1490:
1489:
1484:Campbell, Kate.
1481:
1475:
1474:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1362:Nebrius concolor
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1249:
1243:
1229:
1218:
1217:
1199:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1116:
989:sand tiger shark
905:spiral intestine
873:Sphyrna mokarran
804:dermal denticles
699:Marshall Islands
563:specific epithet
540:Leonard Compagno
520:Nebrius concolor
300:
293:
286:
279:
272:
265:
263:Nebrius concolor
258:
251:
230:
212:
158:Orectolobiformes
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
27:Species of shark
21:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2630:Fish of Oceania
2590:
2589:
2588:
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2575:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2523:Observation.org
2521:
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2435:
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2404:
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549:The genus name
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301:Ehrenberg, 1871
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1664:Heteroscyllium
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794:origin of the
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581:similarities,
516:Eduard RĂĽppell
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1705:Ginglymostoma
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278:
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266:RĂĽppell, 1837
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259:Bleeker, 1852
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252:GĂĽnther, 1870
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72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2342:
2312:S. fasciatum
2311:
2299:
2274:
2262:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2211:P. elongatum
2210:
2201:
2191:Parascyllium
2189:
2178:C. japonicum
2177:
2168:
2160:C. expolitum
2159:
2147:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2059:O. maculatus
2058:
2049:
2041:O. japonicus
2040:
2032:O. hutchinsi
2031:
2022:
2013:
2001:
1990:E. dasypogon
1989:
1977:
1969:(Wobbegongs)
1948:
1939:
1931:H. ocellatum
1930:
1921:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1881:Hemiscyllium
1879:
1868:C. punctatum
1867:
1859:C. plagiosum
1858:
1849:
1841:C. hasseltii
1840:
1831:
1822:
1814:C. burmensis
1813:
1804:
1792:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1640:Brachaelurus
1638:
1618:Subdivision
1577:carpet shark
1537:
1502:
1479:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:Pedibothrium
1407:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1339:(2): 31–58.
1336:
1332:
1322:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1253:
1247:
1203:
1160:cite journal
1148:. Retrieved
1134:
1128:
1122:
1079:
1054:
1022:
997:
992:
977:egg capsules
962:
959:Life history
914:
901:Pedibothrium
900:
888:
885:lemon sharks
880:
877:tiger sharks
872:
864:
858:
853:
846:
809:
788:
767:
727:
645:, including
639:Persian Gulf
631:South Africa
624:
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606:
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586:
582:
574:common names
565:
558:
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548:
543:
531:
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511:
503:
497:
491:
440:
424:egg capsules
382:
369:
350:Indo-Pacific
343:
336:
323:carpet shark
314:
310:
308:
297:
294:Lesson, 1831
290:
287:Garman, 1913
283:
276:
269:
262:
255:
248:
247:
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
29:
2458:iNaturalist
2014:O. floridus
2003:Orectolobus
1940:H. strahani
1923:H. michaeli
1805:C. arabicum
1716:G. cirratum
1488:. The West.
1316:(1): 1–101.
1231:Bester, C.
1150:19 November
941:surgeonfish
925:crustaceans
921:sea urchins
861:bull sharks
817:temperature
791:pelvic fins
756:Description
742:rocky reefs
730:continental
675:Philippines
611:zebra shark
609:), and the
603:whale shark
566:ferrugineus
544:N. concolor
536:synonymized
518:in 1837 as
422:hatch from
408:bony fishes
374:dorsal fins
366:nurse shark
358:sandy flats
273:Smith, 1953
2594:Categories
2301:Stegostoma
2202:P. collare
2108:Sutorectus
2068:O. ornatus
1850:C. indicum
1832:C. griseum
1602:Vertebrata
1600:Subphylum
1529:Photos of
1100:References
1072:, and the
1000:fertilized
949:rabbitfish
829:camouflage
800:caudal fin
784:gill slits
661:, and the
659:Seychelles
647:Madagascar
508:New Guinea
476:extirpated
472:Vulnerable
464:Queensland
412:sea snakes
346:coastlines
134:Subclass:
66:Vulnerable
2264:Rhincodon
1916:H. henryi
1612:Subclass
1066:gill nets
1050:Singapore
973:oviparous
945:queenfish
897:tapeworms
893:parasites
891:). Known
771:spiracles
746:surf zone
683:Indonesia
651:Mauritius
460:game fish
448:liver oil
428:oophagous
384:Nocturnal
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2476:10574669
2432:FishBase
2352:Wikidata
2275:R. typus
2095:O. wardi
2023:O. halei
1900:H. galei
1651:B. waddi
1620:Selachii
1596:Chordata
1590:Animalia
1588:Kingdom
1517:Archived
1509:FishBase
1444:24554892
1436:15165051
1294:FishBase
1236:Archived
1030:Thailand
933:lobsters
821:albinism
813:salinity
796:anal fin
734:seagrass
663:Maldives
559:nebridos
456:fishmeal
414:. It is
406:, small
388:predator
362:seagrass
241:Synonyms
164:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2450:2417496
2372:Nebrius
2358:Q751258
1729:Nebrius
1594:Phylum
1579:species
1575:Extant
1395:: 1–12.
1058:bycatch
1046:Okinawa
981:oophagy
969:embryos
953:pharynx
911:Feeding
815:and/or
775:barbels
750:lagoons
673:to the
635:Red Sea
601:), the
583:Nebrius
551:Nebrius
532:Nebrius
524:Red Sea
494:(1889).
452:leather
420:embryos
400:octopus
392:suction
348:in the
338:Nebrius
325:in the
319:species
317:) is a
220:, 1831)
179:Nebrius
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