48:
920:
decimal definition). Specifically, the courts held that "the U.S. Congress has deemed the decimal definition of gigabyte to be the 'preferred' one for the purposes of 'U.S. trade and commerce' .... The
California Legislature has likewise adopted the decimal system for all 'transactions in this state'."
910:
is under 96% of a mebibyte, and a gigabyte is just over 93% of a gibibyte value. This means that a 300 GB (279 GiB) hard disk might be indicated variously as "300 GB", "279 GB" or "279 GiB", depending on the operating system. As storage sizes increase and larger units are used, these
919:
A lawsuit decided in 2019 that arose from alleged breach of contract and other claims over the binary and decimal definitions used for "gigabyte" have ended in favour of the manufacturers, with courts holding that the legal definition of gigabyte or GB is 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 (10) bytes (the
811:
capacities in certain size classes expressed in decimal gigabytes, such as "500 GB". The exact capacity of a given drive model is usually slightly larger than the class designation. Practically all manufacturers of hard disk drives and flash-memory disk devices continue to define one gigabyte as
602:
927:. Western Digital settled the challenge and added explicit disclaimers to products that the usable capacity may differ from the advertised capacity. Seagate was sued on similar grounds and also settled.
966:
Software allocates memory in varying degrees of granularity as needed to fulfill data structure requirements and binary multiples are usually not required. Other computer capacities and rates, like
625:
that needed to be expressed in a power of 2, but lacked a convenient name. As 1024 (2) is approximately 1000 (10), roughly corresponding to SI multiples, it was used for binary multiples as well.
601:
In response to litigation over whether the makers of electronic storage devices must conform to
Microsoft Windows' use of a binary definition of "GB" instead of the metric/decimal definition, the
1255:
605:
rejected that argument, ruling that "the U.S. Congress has deemed the decimal definition of gigabyte to be the 'preferred' one for the purposes of 'U.S. trade and commerce.
621:
has a standard definition of 1000 bytes, as well as a discouraged meaning of 1024 bytes. The latter binary usage originated as compromise technical jargon for byte
79:
1617:
691:
629:
963:
rather than as 1.074 GB. The former specification is, however, often quoted as "1 GB" when applied to random-access memory.
1252:
1586:
1574:
986:, and are usually presented in decimal units. For example, the manufacturer of a "300 GB" hard drive is claiming a capacity of
576:(GiB) to denote 2 bytes. These differences are still readily seen, for example, when a 400 GB drive's capacity is displayed by
72:
844:
report size using binary multipliers. This discrepancy causes confusion, as a disk with an advertised capacity of, for example,
255:
1610:
1025:
1372:
923:
Earlier lawsuits had ended in settlement with no court ruling on the question, such as a lawsuit against drive manufacturer
799:
capacities using decimal prefixes. With the advent of gigabyte-range drive capacities, manufacturers labelled many consumer
730:
version 10.6 and later versions are a notable example of this usage in software, which report files sizes in decimal units.
1749:
939:
modules, is always a multiple of a power of 1024. It is thus convenient to use prefixes denoting powers of 1024, known as
687:
501:
1538:
1681:
1205:
65:
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1603:
1422:
1123:
1036:
536:
413:
1342:
39:
1396:"Terms, Definitions, and Letter Symbols for Microcomputers, Microprocessors, and Memory Integrated Circuits"
1198:
1475:
876:
254:
1446:"Defendant Western Digital Corporation's Brief in Support of Plaintiff's Motion for Preliminary Approval"
660:. Nevertheless, the term gigabyte continues to be widely used with the following two different meanings:
580:
as 372 GB instead of 372 GiB. Analogously, a memory module that is labeled as having the size "
983:
935:
Because of their physical design, the capacity of modern computer random-access memory devices, such as
1277:"Megabyte (MB) = 1,000,000 bytes; 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 bytes; 1TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes"
543:
speeds. The term is also used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote
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1626:
872:
776:
557:
1226:
35:
1523:
906:(linear-log) function—for example, the decimal kilobyte value is nearly 98% of the kibibyte, a
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47:
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52:
1571:
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express hard drive capacity or file size using decimal multipliers, while others such as
756:
The binary definition uses powers of the base 2, as does the architectural principle of
504:(SI). Therefore, one gigabyte is one billion bytes. The unit symbol for the gigabyte is
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30:
This article is about a multiple of bytes. For the binary unit of measurement, see
1364:
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The difference between units based on decimal and binary prefixes increases as a
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975:
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644:
denote 1024 bytes. By the end of 2007, the IEC Standard had been adopted by the
516:
1527:
1274:
686:
Based on powers of 10, this definition uses the prefix giga- as defined in the
800:
796:
703:
1262:"Note: 1 megabyte (MB) = 1 million bytes; 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion bytes."
1157:
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864:, equal to 372 GiB) might be reported by the operating system as "
792:
100:
55:
has a capacity of 500 gigabytes (GB) of data (i.e., 500 billion bytes).
1334:
1149:
828:, which is displayed on the packaging. Some operating systems such as
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1645:
1501:
1287:
1225:
See also Dinan v. SanDisk LLC, No. 20-15287 (9th Cir. Feb. 11, 2021)
1057:
1050:
837:
833:
1528:"The Unicode Standard 12.0 – CJK Compatibility ❰ Range: 3300—33FF ❱"
603:
United States
District Court for the Northern District of California
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https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=16989791406584358656
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88:
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This definition is used in all contexts of science (especially
1640:
711:
779:). This definition is synonymous with the unambiguous unit
476:
470:
449:
443:
1394:
JEDEC Solid State
Technology Association (December 2002).
1310:"How OS X and iOS report storage capacity - Apple Support"
461:
1074:
cartridge available on the market holds about 32 GB.
467:
464:
440:
437:
434:
943:, in describing them. For example, a memory capacity of
1584:
https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/techbeat/tb9903.htm
1572:
http://www.quinion.com/words/turnsofphrase/tp-kib1.htm
1039:
video at 19.39 Mbit/s is approximately 1 GB.
556:(1024 or 2) bytes, however, particularly for sizes of
1046:
audio at 1.4 Mbit/s is approximately 1 GB.
714:, and is also consistent with the other uses of the
479:
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446:
1711:
1690:
1659:
1633:
1270:
1268:
636:, requiring that the gigabyte strictly denote 1000
458:
431:
1502:"Why is 1 GB equal to 10^9 bytes instead of 2^30?"
1248:
1246:
1416:
1414:
1412:
690:(SI). This is the recommended definition by the
564:has been ambiguous. To resolve this difficulty,
1611:
1567:http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html
1238:http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html
959:(1024 B) is conveniently expressed as 1
73:
8:
1476:"Seagate pays out over gigabyte definition"
1002:, not 300 × 1024 (which would be
763:. This usage is widely promulgated by some
1618:
1604:
1596:
1450:Orin Safier v. Western Digital Corporation
80:
66:
883:nomenclature which quote the gigabyte as
692:International Electrotechnical Commission
656:, and in 2009 it was incorporated in the
630:International Electrotechnical Commission
572:(GB) is 10 bytes and specifies the term
1423:"Western Digital Settles Capacity Suit"
1140:
1345:from the original on 18 November 2021
1288:"How Mac OS X reports drive capacity"
982:, etc., do not depend on an inherent
795:, disk drive manufacturers expressed
7:
1444:Baskin, Scott D. (1 February 2006).
1375:from the original on 3 December 2021
1097:The "gigabyte" symbol is encoded by
911:differences become more pronounced.
1199:"Order Granting Motion to Dismiss"
1019:Examples of gigabyte-sized storage
694:(IEC). This definition is used in
658:International System of Quantities
527:, including storage capacities of
25:
1544:from the original on 3 June 2001
1474:Judge, Peter (26 October 2007).
1060:disc can hold about 8.5 GB.
1053:disc can hold about 4.7 GB.
791:Since the first disk drive, the
427:
1177:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1032:/s is approximately 1 GB.
632:(IEC) published standards for
1:
1240:Prefixes for binary multiples
688:International System of Units
502:International System of Units
491:for digital information. The
1206:United States District Court
1153:may be pronounced two ways.
1042:114 minutes of uncompressed
487:) is a multiple of the unit
1454:Western Digital Corporation
1421:Mook, Nate (28 June 2006).
1290:. Apple Inc. 27 August 2009
1088:can hold about 100 GB.
414:Orders of magnitude of data
27:Unit of digital information
1766:
1634:Platform-independent units
1124:Orders of magnitude (data)
1081:can hold about 50 GB.
1067:can hold about 25 GB.
29:
1163:Dictionary.com Unabridged
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40:Gigabyte (disambiguation)
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1253:SanDisk USB Flash Drive
752:bytes (= 1024 B = 2 B).
724:measures of performance
682:bytes (= 1000 B = 10 B)
598:) of storage capacity.
34:. For the company, see
1589:20 August 2016 at the
877:JEDEC memory standards
726:. The file manager of
718:in computing, such as
560:. Thus, some usage of
56:
38:. For other uses, see
980:operations per second
50:
1750:Units of information
1627:Units of information
1577:12 June 2004 at the
710:-based storage, and
523:, and many areas of
1258:13 May 2008 at the
89:Multiple-byte units
36:Gigabyte Technology
1524:Unicode Consortium
1180:. Merriam-Webster.
1028:video at 2.2
787:Consumer confusion
698:contexts and most
533:solid-state drives
57:
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1736:
1712:Metric byte units
1500:Percival, Colin.
1314:support.apple.com
1093:Unicode character
1084:A triple-layered
1035:Seven minutes of
842:Microsoft Windows
805:solid-state drive
769:Microsoft Windows
765:operating systems
664:Base 10 (decimal)
578:Microsoft Windows
568:clarifies that a
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1056:A dual-layered
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1535:Unicode.org
1369:Debian Wiki
1339:Ubuntu Wiki
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1508:1 November
1425:. betanews
1341:. Ubuntu.
1294:16 October
1211:24 January
1172:"gigabyte"
1158:"gigabyte"
1135:References
1044:CD-quality
801:hard drive
797:hard drive
767:, such as
696:networking
613:Definition
587:" has one
217:ronnabyte
206:yottabyte
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53:hard drive
1379:9 January
1349:9 January
1112:SQUARE GB
1015:) bytes.
848:(meaning
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623:multiples
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365:zebibyte
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320:tebibyte
309:gigabyte
303:gibibyte
292:megabyte
286:mebibyte
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1744:Category
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1724:megabyte
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1575:Archived
1539:Archived
1526:(2019).
1459:30 March
1429:30 March
1373:Archived
1343:Archived
1256:Archived
1118:See also
1109:㎇
908:megabyte
881:IEEE 100
830:Mac OS X
781:gibibyte
739:1 GiB =
728:Mac OS X
642:gibibyte
619:gigabyte
589:gibibyte
574:gibibyte
570:gigabyte
562:gigabyte
521:business
423:gigabyte
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401:–
393:–
390:–
382:–
368:–
354:–
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137:megabyte
124:kilobyte
32:gibibyte
1703:megabit
1698:kilobit
1319:29 June
1099:Unicode
1079:Blu-ray
1065:Blu-ray
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968:storage
793:IBM 350
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1646:hextet
1548:24 May
1106:
1104:U+3387
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652:, and
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1531:(PDF)
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297:1024
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222:1000
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189:1000
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156:1000
143:1000
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117:1000
1682:word
1672:byte
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1510:2015
1487:2014
1461:2009
1431:2009
1381:2022
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1321:2016
1296:2009
1213:2020
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1030:Mbit
1026:SDTV
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937:DIMM
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871:For
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421:The
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515:),
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317:TiB
300:GiB
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