32:
235:
influx of food to meet energy demands. Although lions are much smaller than crocodiles, the lions must eat more often than crocodiles because of the higher metabolic output necessary to maintain the lion's heat and energy. The crocodile needs only to lie in the sun to digest more quickly and synthesize
225:
as reptiles, necessitating larger energy demands, and consequently producing more heat to use in thermoregulation. An ectotherm the same size of an endotherm would not be able to remain as active as the endotherm, as heat is modulated behaviorally rather than biochemically. More time is dedicated to
234:
Large ectotherms displaying the same body size as large endotherms have the advantage of a slow metabolic rate, meaning that it takes reptiles longer to digest their food. Consequently gigantothermic ectotherms would not have to eat as often as large endotherms that need to maintain a constant
220:
Gigantothermy allows animals to maintain body temperature, but is most likely detrimental to endurance and muscle power as compared with endotherms due to decreased anaerobic efficiency. Mammals' bodies have roughly four times as much surface area occupied by
181:. A bigger animal has proportionately less of its body close to the outside environment than a smaller animal of otherwise similar shape, and so it gains heat from, or loses heat to, the environment much more slowly.
433:
315:
137:
130:
323:
123:
300:
373:"Maximal Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Generation in Large Crocodiles versus Mammals: Implications for Dinosaur Gigantothermy"
178:
452:
462:
268:
236:
200:. Gigantotherms, though almost always ectothermic, generally have a body temperature similar to that of
457:
384:
253:
412:
437:
402:
392:
319:
174:
22:
296:
Thermoregulatory adaptations of
Acrocanthosaurus atokensis - evidence from oxygen isotopes
263:
101:
86:
248:
388:
344:
407:
372:
446:
111:
273:
258:
222:
166:
106:
96:
81:
71:
66:
56:
397:
294:
193:
61:
209:
205:
201:
185:
170:
76:
51:
46:
41:
416:
31:
349:
197:
162:
189:
173:
animals are more easily able to maintain a constant, relatively high
184:
The phenomenon is important in the biology of ectothermic
208:
would have been gigantothermic, rendering them virtually
177:than smaller animals by virtue of their smaller
131:
8:
138:
124:
18:
406:
396:
204:. It has been suggested that the larger
285:
161:) is a phenomenon with significance in
21:
293:Missell, Christine Ann (2004-04-07).
16:Form of thermoregulation by body size
7:
345:"Big dinosaurs 'had warmer blood'"
14:
371:Seymour, Roger S. (2013-07-05).
30:
301:North Carolina State University
1:
398:10.1371/journal.pone.0069361
192:, and aquatic reptiles like
179:surface-area-to-volume ratio
314:Fitzpatrick, Katie (2005).
479:
269:Physiology of dinosaurs
169:, whereby large, bulky
155:ectothermic homeothermy
226:basking than eating.
159:inertial homeothermy
389:2013PLoSO...869361S
153:(sometimes called
453:Animal physiology
148:
147:
470:
463:Thermoregulation
421:
420:
410:
400:
368:
362:
361:
359:
358:
341:
335:
334:
332:
331:
322:. Archived from
320:Davidson College
311:
305:
304:
290:
188:, such as large
175:body temperature
140:
133:
126:
34:
23:Thermoregulation
19:
478:
477:
473:
472:
471:
469:
468:
467:
443:
442:
430:
425:
424:
370:
369:
365:
356:
354:
343:
342:
338:
329:
327:
316:"Gigantothermy"
313:
312:
308:
292:
291:
287:
282:
264:Bradymetabolism
254:Bergmann's rule
245:
232:
218:
144:
107:Tachymetabolism
102:Bradymetabolism
87:Thermostability
17:
12:
11:
5:
476:
474:
466:
465:
460:
455:
445:
444:
441:
440:
429:
428:External links
426:
423:
422:
363:
336:
306:
284:
283:
281:
278:
277:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
244:
241:
231:
228:
217:
214:
146:
145:
143:
142:
135:
128:
120:
117:
116:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
36:
35:
27:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
475:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
448:
439:
435:
434:Gigantothermy
432:
431:
427:
418:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
390:
386:
383:(7): e69361.
382:
378:
374:
367:
364:
352:
351:
346:
340:
337:
326:on 2012-06-30
325:
321:
317:
310:
307:
302:
299:(MS thesis).
298:
297:
289:
286:
279:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
242:
240:
238:
229:
227:
224:
216:Disadvantages
215:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Gigantothermy
141:
136:
134:
129:
127:
122:
121:
119:
118:
113:
112:Thermogenesis
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
92:Gigantothermy
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:
39:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
24:
20:
380:
376:
366:
355:. Retrieved
353:. 2006-07-11
348:
339:
328:. Retrieved
324:the original
309:
295:
288:
274:Tachyaerobic
259:Bradyaerobic
249:Allen's rule
233:
223:mitochondria
219:
210:homeothermic
194:ichthyosaurs
183:
167:paleontology
158:
154:
150:
149:
97:Kleptothermy
91:
82:Thermolabile
67:Heterothermy
57:Poikilotherm
458:Animal size
171:ectothermic
62:Homeothermy
447:Categories
357:2011-12-21
330:2011-12-21
280:References
230:Advantages
202:endotherms
72:Stenotherm
25:in animals
206:dinosaurs
198:mosasaurs
186:megafauna
77:Eurytherm
52:Mesotherm
47:Endotherm
42:Ectotherm
438:Davidson
417:23861968
377:PLOS ONE
350:BBC News
243:See also
408:3702618
385:Bibcode
190:turtles
163:biology
415:
405:
413:PMID
196:and
165:and
436:at
403:PMC
393:doi
237:ATP
157:or
449::
411:.
401:.
391:.
379:.
375:.
347:.
318:.
239:.
212:.
419:.
395::
387::
381:8
360:.
333:.
303:.
139:e
132:t
125:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
