270:, and wrote that "in targeting Palatucci the desire was essentially to hit a Catholic involved in rescuing Jews in support of the idea that the Church spared no effort to help the Jews — a person whose cause of beatification was under way. ... But this is ideology and not history." Foa argued that "Palatucci may have saved only a few dozen lives instead of the 5,000 attributed to him". She agreed that Palatucci's achievements have at times been exaggerated based on the limited evidence, but noted that scholars should be cautious about jumping to conclusions given the paucity of evidence. Foa claimed that there are many testimonies in favor of Palatucci and concluded that before a definitive determination can be made about Palatucci's role in the Holocaust, the documentation used by the Primo Levi Center would have to be made available for other historians to review. The New York Times reported a reply from Centro Primo Levi's director, Natalia Indrimi, stating that the documents have been available to the scholarly community since the inception of the project, and that, if testimonies are available, they should be made public.
145:"The Jewish Communities of Fiume and the Carnaro" (Trieste, 2001) argued that, based on official records, the Germans and the RSI police conducted the arrests of the Jews through the lists of the Italian police. The arrests began in October 1943 and were organized first as round-ups and then as targeted operations in which the Italian Questura provided information to both locate and identify Fiume Jews. Both German and Italian records indicate that by June 1944 hardly any Jews had remained in Fiume. Moreover, if local records had been destroyed, something of which there is no sign, those refugees would still appear in the central police archive that kept copies of all local police headquarters as well as in the records of the Italian DP camps after the war, which is not the case.
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248:", and cites on its website individual cases where Jews claim relatives were saved by Palatucci’s direct intervention. It also said that critics who claim it is untenable to suggest he saved 5,000 Jews in an area with a Jewish population of just half that number, have failed to take into account the huge number of migrant Jews from eastern or central Europe who may have been present.
68:, a higher percentage than in any Italian city. The matter is currently the topic of scholarly debate. A national commission of historians recommended by the Union of the Italian Jewish Communities, the Center for Contemporary Jewish Documentation in Milan, the Italian Ministry of the Interior and the Centro Primo Levi NY is conducting a comprehensive review of the documents.
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narrative of all rescue operations attributed to
Palatucci can be found in a speech that the bishop delivered in Ramat Gan (Tel Aviv) on the occasion of a dead boy ceremony in honor of his nephew. According to the CPL report, there is no evidence that Grani ever died, returned to Fiume after 1940 or even met Giovanni Palatucci.
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more than a subordinate administrative role, in which he excelled and for which he was praised by his superiors, the misrepresentation of his position continued until the 2013, when the
Holocaust Museum stated in its anniversary exhibition that Palatucci "used his power of Chief of Police to help the Jews".
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As the imminent defeat of the Axis became clear, many RSI officers began to negotiate with the Allies concerning Italy's post war fate and their own. The tensions between the German and
Italian RSI forces grew harsher. On the Eastern border, near Fiume, British support of Yugoslav resistance fighters
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and the following year he was assigned to Fiume. For 5 decades, Palatucci was believed to have been Fiume Chief of Police, and that he used his power to help the Jews until he got arrested. Even though already in 1994, historian Marco
Coslovich published the documents showing that Palatucci never had
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According to the 2013 research, the story surrounding
Palatucci stemmed from the activity of Bishop Giuseppe Maria Palatucci and Rodolfo Grani, a Jewish man from Fiume who had briefly been interned in Campagna and remained friendly with the bishop after the war. As shown in the 2013 report, the main
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The documentary report issued by Centro Primo Levi NY in 2013 demonstrates that no evidence nor testimony of such activity was ever found. Moreover, the report reviews in depth hundreds of police records preserved at the State
Archive of Rijeka showing that one of Palatucci's main activities between
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Already Marco
Coslovich in 1994 had demonstrated through extensive documentation that Palatucci and the Police of Fiume had no power to decide internment location for the Jews. More recently the database of foreign Jews interned in Italy curated by Anna Pizzuti provided unequivocal evidence of the
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Hagiographers also claim that he managed to destroy all documented records of some 10,000 Jewish refugees living in the town, issuing them false papers and providing them with funds. This theory has been questioned by several historians, including Marco
Coslovich and Silva Bon. The latter, in her
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Palatucci, known as “the
Italian Schindler,” has long been credited with saving thousands of Jews during the Holocaust while serving in the police department in the city of Fiume, and was designated by Yad Vashem as one of the Righteous Among the Nations.
172:, in August 1944, Roberto Tomasselli, his direct superior and protector who had left him in his place, defected the ranks of Salò and ended up in an Anglo-American POW camp. His chief of cabinet and close collaborator in Fiume, left for
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However to date, all research concerning the influx of Jewish refugees through Italy's eastern border, including works by Klaus Voigt, Liliana
Picciotto and Anna Pizzuti, concurs that very few refugees were able to pass through Fiume.
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1938 and 1943 was the compilation and update of the census of the Jews. The census was the principal instrument in the application of the Racial Laws and in Fiume it was compiled and maintained with unparalleled thoroughness.
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However, both German and Italian documents show that Palatucci was arrested for treason and for having transmitted to Britain official documents requesting negotiations for Fiume’s post-war status under Italian aegis.
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newspaper how Palatucci helped "more than 5,000 Jews to escape in a region where officially, the Jewish population was half that". Anna Pizzuti, editor of the database of foreign Jewish internees in Italy, told
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grew stronger causing continuous attacks. Palatucci highest superior, to whom he reported, Tullio Tamburini was arrested in June for treason and embezzlement and deported to Dachau. After the liberation of
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in Ontario, said in June 2013 "I think a judicious patience as regards this question is probably wise, since even the scholars familiar with this material disagree about its meaning and interpretation."
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that the decision to re-classify Palatucci, a Catholic, as a collaborator was hasty, bur conceded that more study was needed. She asserted that the target of the move against Palatucci was the papacy of
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On 13 September 1944 Palatucci was arrested. Oral sources claim that he was condemned to death, but no documentary evidence of this fact ever emerged. Along with other Italian policemen from Fiume and
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implausibility of this theory. As published in Pizzuti's documentary resource, the Jews deported from Fiume to Campagna are 40. Moreover, 10 of this allegedly "protected group" ended up in Auschwitz.
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that it was impossible that Palatucci could have rerouted thousands of Jews to Campagna when "no more than 40 Fiume residents were interned in Campagna; and a third of these ended up in Auschwitz".
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and German orders concerning the Jews and enabling the deportation of the majority of the 570 Jews living in Fiume and surrounding areas, 412 of whom were deported to
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in 1939, Palatucci was chief of the Foreigners' Office. According to his hagiographers, he began falsifying documents and
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He acted like a German to trick them and halp save the Jews. An Italian Saint in the Making or a Collaborator With Nazis
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Hagiographers also claim that when Palatucci "officially deported" Jews, he instead arranged for them to be sent to
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30:(31 May 1909 – 10 February 1945) was an Italian police official who was long believed to have saved thousands of
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for Palatucci, but in June 2013 the Vatican announced that it had asked a historian to review the new findings.
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The Giovanni Palatucci Foundation, which campaigns for Palatucci's beatification, criticized what it called "
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Fr. Murray K. Watson, vice-rector and assistant professor of Sacred Scripture and Ecumenism at
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Arrested on charges of treason and embezzlement, Palatucci was deported to
444:"Downfall: How the Italian 'Schindler' was exposed as a Nazi collaborator"
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who were also accused of treason and embezzlement, he was deported to the
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reviewed almost 700 documents and concluded that Palatucci had followed
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413:"Giovanni Palatucci, an Italian policeman on the road of beatification"
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464:"Vatican paper contests study on alleged Nazi collaborator"
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wrote in a June 2013 article for the Vatican newspaper
340:"Giovanni Palatucci, an Italian hero in the Holocaust"
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Italian people who died in Dachau concentration camp
53:. In 2013 a research panel of historians led by the
367:Shadows cast on the heroism of ‘Italian Schindler’
255:The historian of Early Modern Europe Anna Foa of
493:"Vatican newspaper defends 'Italian Schindler'"
536:– his activity to save Jews' lives during the
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95:in 1932. In 1936 he entered police service in
526:Biography of Giovanni Palatucci and documents
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206:Holocaust Memorial honored him in 1990 as
417:International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation
351:International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation
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578:Catholic Righteous Among the Nations
568:People from the Province of Avellino
573:Italian Righteous Among the Nations
313:Rothstein, Edward (25 April 2013).
93:University of Turin, Faculty of Law
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613:Holocaust perpetrators in Italy
518:Biography of Giovanni Palatucci
91:, Italy. He graduated from the
38:between 1939 and 1944 (current
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608:Deaths from typhus in Germany
470:. 2013-06-22. Archived from
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222:Allegations of collaboration
257:Sapienza University of Rome
208:Righteous Among the Nations
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603:University of Turin alumni
193:Dachau concentration camp
73:Dachau concentration camp
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385:Stafford, David (2011).
135:Giuseppe Maria Palatucci
598:Italian Servants of God
593:Italian police officers
62:Italian Social Republic
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83:Palatucci was born in
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230:Michael Day asked in
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388:Mission Accomplished
275:St. Peter's Seminary
262:L'Osservatore Romano
497:The Times of Israel
372:The Times of Israel
365:Alessandra Farkas,
338:Tenembaum, Baruch.
238:Corriere Della Sera
199:on 29 April 1945.
148:Following the 1943
51:extermination camps
534:Giovanni Palatucci
345:2007-10-15 at the
319:The New York Times
300:The New York Times
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197:the Allies
154:Resistance
57:Primo Levi
538:Holocaust
324:April 25,
214:opened a
79:Biography
66:Auschwitz
343:Archived
170:Florence
128:Catholic
124:Campagna
89:Avellino
85:Montella
544:website
468:Reuters
189:Trieste
158:Gestapo
55:Centro
44:Croatia
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349:, The
131:Bishop
40:Rijeka
540:, at
174:Milan
113:visas
97:Genoa
36:Fiume
393:ISBN
326:2013
212:Rome
202:The
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