165:) of the Gimhae Kim clan; the branch being founded by Kim Man-hui. Jeju Ipdojo Kim Man-hui (김만희, 金萬希; 1314–1404) did not cooperate with the founding of Joseon, so he was exiled to Jeju and called himself a "Goryeo refugee" and settled here in Gwakji-ri, Jeju, called Jeju Samjeolsin. His 6th generation grandson, Kim Hu-chan (
214:
In 1792, Jeju was hit by a famine due to repeated crop failures and floods. Then in 1794, strong winds and high tides worsened the situation in Jeju. The governor of Jeju petitioned the court to send 20,000 bags of rice, but seven of the twelve boats sent were wrecked on the way and 170,000 people
118:
and an example of philanthropism and pragmatism. She managed to achieve her position in Jeju thanks to the island's egalitarian and matrifocal culture, where women had greater economic and social independence than the rest of the country, whose Neo-Confucian ideology enforced strong female
195:
Since 1650, gisaengs were considered state property and had to pay a large sum of money to the government to earn their freedom. At the age of 22, Kim managed to get her name removed from the gisaeng registry and regain her yangmin status and subsequently opened an inn for merchants
276:
In modern times, there are scholarships in her name, a foundation dedicated to providing food to the needy and a museum built in Jeju in 1978. Each year the island also awards the Kim Man-deok Award to two women of exemplary conduct.
227:, which was an unusual request, considering that for 200 years women of Jeju had been forbidden to leave the island. The king agreed and also granted her the honorary title and the position of nurse of the palace dispensary (
191:
for a while; Gim was also educated in the arts, medicine, crafts and horse riding, and, given the traditional location of the gisaengs' houses in the town center near the market, she also learned how to trade.
210:
people. Thanks to her knowledge, and by exploiting the tax laws, Kim obtained the monopoly of rice and salt, accumulating great wealth and becoming, at the age of 50, one of the two richest people in Joseon.
247:
After her visit to the mainland, in 1797 Kim returned to Jeju, where she died in 1812, at the age of 73. She left all her belongings to the poor, save for a small sum for an orphan she had adopted.
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By law, under unions between people of two different social classes, the children belonged to the lower social class. Thus, Kim and her brothers belonged to the yangmin class like their mother.
111:
Island, all of the rice she had bought on land was freed and donated to save the starving people of the island. After her death, contemporaries wrote her biography and poems in her honor.
215:
died of starvation. Kim then used most of her fortune to import and distribute food, mainly rice, saving 18,000 lives. Word of Kim's donation soon spread, resulting in King
206:; she sold local specialties such as horsehair, seaweed, ear shell, ox bezoar, pearls, cloth, accessories and cosmetics, and also bought grain from land and sold them to
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183:
When Gim was 11 years old, her father died in a storm on his way back from Naju and her mother passed away the following year due to grief, leading to her becoming a
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from the Jeju Go clan. With two older brothers, she was the only daughter. Through her father, Kim was the 15th generation descendant of the
Jwajeongseung branch (
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is a 2010 South Korean historical drama that follows the life of Gim Man-deok, along with her ongoing rivalry with fellow merchants during the
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202:) as well as start a commission agency for port trade, acting as an intermediate between merchants from the mainland and from
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135:, when Kim Man-deok was born. Women could not achieve high social status and also were limited in education. In 18th century
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complimenting her and stating that he would grant her a wish. Gim's wish was to see both the palace in the capital city of
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City, which had wanted to build up a representative culture brand, and depicts Gim Man-deok's life and her achievements.
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to Wol Jung-seon, who made Kim her adoptive daughter. She learned how to sing and dance, and lived as a
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788:"Reconsideration on Jeju Society and Kim Mandeok's Life in the 18·19th Century"
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Art Center from
January 26 to January 28, 2018. The musical was prepared by
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Kim Man-deok was born in a poor household. Her father, Kim Eun-gyeol, was a
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502:"Kim Man-duk, Merciful Light - Introduction of Kim Man-duk - 영문"
391:
127:
A lot of social discrimination existed in 1739, during King
426:"Lee Ha-yoon exhibition: Rice Sentiments: Beautiful Hands"
681:"Kim Man-deok, Nữ tổng giám đốc(CEO) đầu tiên của Joseon"
86:
747:"[역사 속 숨은 영웅] 재산 털어 굶어죽는 백성 살려낸 의인 김만덕(金萬德)"
725:"Jeju heroine Kim Mandeok: a closer look (part two)"
474:"Jeju heroine Kim Mandeok: A closer look (part one)"
273:) which praises her virtue and her charitable work.
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66:
42:
26:
652:"'기부천사' 김만덕, 왕이 소원을 묻자 "일만이천봉을 본다면 여한이 없을 것입니다""
625:"Kim Man-deok, remarkable female philanthropist"
704:"[제주] 거상 혹은 의인이라 불린 여인, 김만덕의 자취를 따라 걷다"
394:from March 6 to June 13, 2010 for 30 episodes.
99:(1739–1812), also known as "Man-deok halmang" (
103:), was a Korean merchant and businesswoman of
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792:The Journal of Korean Historical-folklife
390:in the titular role, the series aired on
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857:"TV Dramas to Look Forward to in 2010"
835:"Kim Man-deok: A symbol of generosity"
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301:Mother - Lady Go of the Jeju Go clan (
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151:in political exile, who was from the
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258:wrote poems in her honor, while the
250:Following her death, contemporaries
855:Han, Sang-hee (December 29, 2009).
910:19th-century Korean businesspeople
870:Jeon, Ji-hye (December 22, 2017).
14:
702:Cho, Ah-young (October 2, 2018).
114:She is regarded as Korea's first
400:is a musical first performed in
820:(in Korean). December 30, 2009.
563:(in Korean). September 15, 2020
544:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
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319:Older brother - Kim Man-seok (
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872:"여성 거상 김만덕 삶 뮤지컬로…문희경·남경주 주연"
447:. Naver Knowledge Dictionary.
334:Older brother - Kim Man-jae (
354:Adoptive son - Kim Jong-ju (
561:"조선의 여성CEO, 제주 '나눔할망' 아십니까"
87:
73:
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935:19th-century businesswomen
930:18th-century businesswomen
804:10.22792/JKHF.2019..56.005
654:(in Korean). March 2, 2012
428:. Jeju weekly. 2017-06-14.
107:. When a major famine hit
16:South Korean businesswoman
950:19th-century Korean women
945:18th-century Korean women
900:People from Jeju Province
286:Father - Kim Eung-ryeol (
21:
905:Korean women in business
155:, and her mother was a
940:19th-century merchants
915:Korean philanthropists
960:Korean businesspeople
786:Kim, Nayoung (2019).
260:Chief State Councilor
123:Historical background
818:"[위대한결단]김만덕"
265:wrote the biography
101:Grandmother Man-deok
68:Revised Romanization
753:. October 29, 2016.
765:"김만덕, 제주도 백성을 구하다"
478:www.jejuweekly.com
386:Dynasty. Starring
379:The Great Merchant
373:In popular culture
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82:McCune–Reischauer
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627:. April 30, 2018
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243:Death and legacy
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586:"Recent Books"
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876:. Retrieved
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331:; 1735–1748)
298:; 1705–1758)
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263:Chae Je-gong
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225:Mt. Geumgang
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131:'s reign of
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119:repression.
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97:Kim Man-deok
96:
95:
22:Gim Man-deok
925:1812 deaths
920:1739 births
874:(in Korean)
767:(in Korean)
751:Chosun ilbo
727:(in Korean)
480:(in Korean)
388:Lee Mi-yeon
74:Kim Mandeok
894:Categories
540:"김만덕(金萬德)"
484:2022-04-20
412:References
252:Park Je-ga
88:Gim Mantŏk
346:; 1737–?)
316:Siblings
313:; 1705–?)
143:Biography
398:Man-deok
955:Kisaeng
878:June 2,
840:June 2,
771:June 2,
731:June 2,
687:June 2,
658:June 2,
631:June 2,
598:June 2,
567:June 2,
507:June 2,
221:Hanyang
217:Jeongjo
189:gisaeng
185:gisaeng
157:yangmin
149:yangban
129:Yeongjo
384:Joseon
360:;
351:Issue
340:;
325:;
307:;
292:;
281:Family
233:;
171:;
137:Joseon
133:Joseon
105:Joseon
28:Hangul
445:"김만덕"
310:濟州 髙氏
304:제주 고씨
162:좌정승공파
44:Hanja
880:2022
842:2022
796:null
773:2022
733:2022
689:2022
660:2022
633:2022
600:2022
569:2022
509:2022
406:Jeju
402:Jeju
392:KBS1
254:and
236:醫女班首
230:의녀반수
223:and
208:Jeju
204:Jeju
109:Jeju
800:doi
363:金鍾周
357:김종주
343:金萬才
337:김만재
328:金萬碩
322:김만석
295:金應悅
289:김응렬
239:).
174:金厚瓚
168:김후찬
116:CEO
35:김만덕
896::
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199:객주
882:.
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269:(
196:(
58:德
55:萬
52:金
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