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steel girders and are not limited to standardized shapes. The ability to customize a girder to the exact load conditions allows the bridge design to be more efficient. Plate girder can be used for spans between 10 metres and more than 100 metres (33 feet to more than 330 feet). Stiffeners are occasionally welded between the compression flange and the web to increase the strength of the girder.
213:-style bridges, the girders are still the main support for the deck, but the load is transferred through the truss or arch to the foundation. These designs allow bridges to span larger distances without requiring the depth of the beam to increase beyond what is practical. However, with the inclusion of a truss or arch the bridge is no longer a true girder bridge.
241:, the techniques for building bridges included the driving of wooden poles to serve as the bridge columns and then filling the column space with various construction materials. The bridges constructed by Romans were at the time basic but very dependable and strong while serving a very important purpose in social life.
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consists of the steel or concrete system supporting the deck. This includes the girders themselves, diaphragms or cross-braces, and (if applicable) the truss or arch system. In a girder bridge this would include only the girders and the bracing system. The girders are the primary load support, while
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A girder may be made of concrete or steel. Many shorter bridges, especially in rural areas where they may be exposed to water overtopping and corrosion, utilize concrete box girder. The term "girder" is typically used to refer to a steel beam. In a beam or girder bridge, the beams themselves are the
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is a girder that has been fabricated by welding plates together to create the desired shape. The fabricator receives large plates of steel in the desired thickness, and then cuts the flanges and web from the plate in the desired length and shape. Plate girders can have a greater height than rolled
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is to allow the superstructure to move somewhat independently of the substructure. All materials naturally expand and contract with temperature - if a bridge were completely rigid, this would cause unnecessary stress on the structure and could lead to failure or damage. By fixing the superstructure
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All bridges consist of two main parts: the substructure, and the superstructure. The superstructure is everything from the bearing pads, up - it is what supports the loads and is the most visible part of the bridge. The substructure is the foundation which transfers loads from the superstructure to
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bridges, and they are still built today. These types of bridges have been built by human beings since ancient times, with the initial design being much simpler than what we utilize today. As technology advanced the methods were improved and were based on the utilization and manipulation of rock,
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is the structure that transfers the loads into the ground. There are two primary types of systems: a spread footer, which is a simple concrete slab resting on bedrock; or a piling cap, which utilizes steel piles to reach sound bedrock that may be deep underground. Another system utilizes
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A concrete girder bridge pier during construction prior to installation of the bridge deck and parapets, consisting of multiple angled pylons for support (bottom), a horizontal concrete cap (center), and girders (top) with temporary wood
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is the part that supports the bearing pads. Depending on the type of support structure, there may or may not be a cap. Wall piers and stub abutments do not require a cap, while a multi-column, hammerhead, or pile-bent pier will have a
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or "tub girder" is, as the name suggests, a box shape. They consist of two vertical webs, short top flanges on top of each web, and a wide bottom flange connecting the webs together. A box girder is particularly resistant to
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primary support for the deck, and are responsible for transferring the load down to the foundation. Material type, shape, and weight all affect how much weight a beam can hold. Due to the properties of the
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at one end, while allowing the other end of a span to move freely in the longitudinal direction, thermal stresses are alleviated and the lifespan of the bridge increased.
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is a girder that has been fabricated by rolling a blank cylinder of steel through a series of dies to create the desired shape. These create standardized
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Girder bridges have existed for millennia in a variety of forms depending on resources available. The oldest types of bridges are the
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or stub is the main body of the foundation. It transfers the load from the superstructure, through the cap, down to the footer.
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The term "girder" is often used interchangeably with "beam" in reference to bridge design. However, some authors define
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and, while expensive, are utilized in situations where a standard girder might succumb to torsion or toppling effects.
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the bracing system both allows the girders to act together as a unit, and prevents the beams from toppling.
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slab, but can also be a steel grid or wood plank. The deck includes any road lanes, medians, sidewalks,
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is a foundation that transfers the bridge structure to the roadway or walkway on solid ground. A
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is the roadway or walkway surface. In roadway applications it is usually a poured
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stone, mortar and other materials that would serve to be stronger and longer.
190:. The two most common types of modern steel girder bridges are plate and box.
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the ground. Both must work together to create a strong, long-lasting bridge.
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Bridge built of girders placed on bridge abutments and foundation piers
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due to steel's greater strength and larger application potential.
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or railings, and miscellaneous items like drainage and lighting.
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give a good cross section of girder bridge construction
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or steel-reinforced concrete "pillars" below the stem.
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and wide flange beam shapes up to 100 feet in length.
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The substructure is made of multiple parts as well:
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936:List of lists of covered bridges in North America
46:, while the bottom is a concrete girder bridge.
268:The superstructure consists of several parts:
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594:(PDF) - Montana Department of Transportation
588:(PDF) - Montana Department of Transportation
42:Two different girder bridges. The top is a
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460:National Institute of Industrial Technology
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552:"Bridge Engineering: A Global Perspective"
197:slightly differently from girder bridges.
430:— an evolution of the plate girder bridge
419:— the ancestor of the plate girder bridge
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565:"American Wide Flange Beams - W Beam"
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369:The stubs at the eastern end of the
531:Ohio Department of Transportation.
518:Robert Lamb and Michael Morrissey.
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904:medieval stone bridges in Germany
586:Structural Systems and Dimensions
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592:Structural Steel Superstructures
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186:as the means of supporting its
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861:Visual index to various types
684:Cantilever spar cable-stayed
550:Leonardo Fernandez Troyano.
505:. "Bridge the Gap", section
329:is an intermediate support.
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1073:Bridges by structural type
569:www.engineeringtoolbox.com
533:"Bridge Terms Definitions"
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972:Continuous truss bridges
945:Lists of bridges by size
882:Lists of bridges by type
931:List of bridge–tunnels
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699:Double-beam drawbridge
462:(INTI). Archived from
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924:vertical-lift bridges
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246:Industrial Revolution
203:second moment of area
982:Masonry arch bridges
962:Cable-stayed bridges
371:Dunn Memorial Bridge
289:supporting structure
909:multi-level bridges
487:Design Technology.
469:on 8 September 2013
423:Plate girder bridge
380:rolled steel girder
278:reinforced concrete
88:Plate girder bridge
44:plate girder bridge
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967:Cantilever bridges
957:Suspension bridges
899:cantilever bridges
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796:Navigable aqueduct
538:2015-01-25 at the
520:"How Bridges Work"
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252:was replaced with
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1013:Bridge to nowhere
914:road–rail bridges
631:-related articles
428:Box girder bridge
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84:Box girder bridge
16:(Redirected from
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471:. Retrieved
464:the original
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297:bearing pads
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195:beam bridges
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70:truss bridge
779:Transporter
759:Submersible
744:Retractable
417:Beam bridge
102:automobiles
98:Pedestrians
74:moon bridge
56:Beam bridge
1062:Categories
818:Suspension
734:Drawbridge
704:Extradosed
679:Cantilever
664:Burr Truss
654:Box girder
473:26 October
435:References
399:box girder
182:that uses
120:Span range
114:heavy rail
110:light rail
80:Descendant
952:By length
791:Multi-way
456:Argentina
163:Falsework
1047:Category
811:Vlotbrug
724:Moveable
536:Archived
411:See also
354:caissons
320:abutment
282:parapets
165:required
140:concrete
128:Material
52:Ancestor
1022:Related
992:Tallest
987:Highest
855:Viaduct
850:Tubular
840:Trestle
806:Pontoon
749:Rolling
739:Folding
729:Bascule
689:Covered
554:. 2003.
404:torsion
309:bracing
244:As the
217:History
184:girders
146:Movable
94:Carries
62:Related
830:Timber
674:Canopy
629:Bridge
384:I-beam
349:footer
260:Design
180:bridge
106:trucks
845:Truss
823:types
769:Table
764:Swing
467:(PDF)
452:(PDF)
254:steel
231:swing
207:truss
178:is a
801:Pile
774:Tilt
719:Moon
694:Crib
649:Beam
644:Arch
502:Nova
475:2012
347:The
342:stem
340:The
337:cap.
332:The
326:pier
287:The
274:deck
272:The
229:and
227:arch
223:beam
211:arch
209:and
188:deck
136:wood
132:Iron
714:Log
709:Jet
334:cap
317:An
237:In
157:low
1064::
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397:A
389:A
378:A
225:,
174:A
168:No
149:No
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621:e
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20:)
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