839:
comets and rainbows; lightning, snow and rain; the motion and rest of projectiles in the air; the impulsion of mortars and crossbows; winds and breezes; corrupt airs; the element of water; the birth of the rivers; the rising of the Nile; the extent and saltiness of the sea; the roar and the motion of the water; the motion of projectiles; the creation of islands and mountains, as well as the cause of earthquakes; the genesis, root and colour of the gems, as well as spots of stones; life, food, and the death of the stones; the strength of the magnet to attract iron and its direction toward the Earth's poles; plants; the explanation to be given to certain phenomena of everyday life; semen; the reproduction, nature, respiration and nutrition of fish; the reproduction of birds; the reproduction of bees; the first generation of man; stains contracted by children in the womb; the generation of male and female; parts of monsters; the faces of children covered by larvae; the growth of man; the length of human life; sight; hearing; smell; taste; touch and tickle; the affections of man; God; appearances in the air; oracles; the Sibyls; the possessed; sacred images of the pagans; augurs; the miraculous healing of diseases reported in pagan times; the resurrection of the dead; witchcraft; dreams.
146:
882:"God acts on sublunary beings using the sky as a tool": hence the natural and rational explanation of the allegedly supernatural phenomena, since even astrology was considered a science. God may use such phenomena to warn the people, and especially rulers, of danger. But the real origin of supernatural phenomena is, for Vanini, the human imagination, which can sometimes change the appearance of external reality. For the ecclesiastical "impostors" that promulgate false beliefs to gain wealth and power, and rulers interested in dominating the people, according to Vanini, "all religious things are false and fake principles to teach the naive populace that, when reason cannot be reached, at least practice religion".
650:
309:
472:
530:
982:, with refinements and developments that make it his masterpiece and the summary of his philosophy. Denying creation from nothing and the immortality of the soul, he saw God in Nature as its driving force and vital force, both eternal. The stars of heaven he considered a kind of intermediary between God and Nature. The true religion is therefore a "religion of Nature" that does not deny God but considers Him a spirit-force.
760:(possible translation: "Amphitheatre of Eternal Providence – Religio-magical, Christian-physical and Astrologico-Catholic – against the Ancient Philosophers, Atheists, Epicureans, Peripatetics and Stoics"), published in Lyon in 1615, consists of 50 exercises, which aim to demonstrate the existence of God, to define His essence, to describe His providence and to examine or refute the opinions of
1132:
36:
689:, lively and brilliant, of the new knowledge, and became a kind of "manifesto" for these cultural free spirits, giving Vanini a chance to stay safe in circles close to the French court. However, a few days after the publication of the work, the two theologians at the Sorbonne who had expressed their approval were presented to the Faculty of Theology in formal session and the outcome was a
1058:, was made or commissioned by Joseph Uriot, which later came to the library of the Duke of Württemberg; currently it is in the Württembergische Landesbibliothek in Stuttgart. Another manuscript copy of the same work is in the Staats und Universitätbibliothek in Hamburg, reflecting the continued interest in the thought of Vanini in German culture.
986:
a kind of anticipation of
Darwinism, because, after a first half in which he argues that the animal species arise by spontaneous generation from the earth, in the second part he seems convinced that they can be transformed into each other and that man comes from "animals related to man, such as the Barbary apes, the monkeys and apes in general".
913:, prepared a new mechanistic-materialistic description of the universe where bodies are likened to a watch, and conceived a first form of universal transformation of living species. He agreed with the Aristotelian eternity of the world, especially considering the temporal aspect, but affirmed the rotation of the earth and appeared to reject the
646:, to prove the sincerity of his return to the Catholic faith. He then journeyed to Italy, going first to Rome, where he had to face the difficult final stages of the process in the court of the Inquisition, then to Genoa for a few months, where he found his friend Genocchi and taught philosophy to children of Scipio Doria for a time.
538:
the death of his father: selling a house he owned in Ugento, a few miles from his home country; in 1607 mandating a maternal uncle to fulfil assignments of the same type; in 1608 instructing friend
Scarciglia to recover a sum and sell some goods remaining in Taurisano and held in custody by the two brothers.
928:
devoid of originality and scientific seriousness", the Jesuit priest François
Garasse, far more worried about the consequences of the spread of his writings, judged them "a work of such most pernicious atheism as was never released in the last hundred years". The works of Vanini have been extensively
621:
By 1613, however, Vanini was having doubts, so he appealed to the Pope to be allowed back into the
Catholic fold, but as a secular priest rather than as a friar; the request was granted by the Pope himself. Around the start of 1614, Vanini visited the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford and confided
561:
was still raging, and Vanini showed himself unambiguously in favour of the
Republic. Consequently, the Prior General of his order, Enrico Silvio, commanded him to return to Naples, where he would have been disciplined, probably severely, but instead Vanini sought refuge with the English ambassador to
537:
In (probably) 1606, Vanini's father died in Naples. Vanini, now come of age, was recognised by a court in the capital as heir of Giovan
Battista and guardian of his brother Alexander. With a series of deeds and power of attorney drawn up in Naples, Vanini began to settle the financial consequences of
985:
The thought of Vanini is quite fragmented and also reflects the complexity of its origins, as he was a religious figure, a naturalist, but also a doctor and in part a magician. What characterizes the prose is the vehemently anti-clerical sentiment. Among the original aspects of his thinking there is
932:
Since Vanini in his works obscured his ideas, a typical ploy at the time to avoid serious conflicts with the religious and political authorities, the interpretation of his thought is difficult. However, in the history of philosophy, he has the image of an unbeliever or even an atheist. Considered as
696:
Now, unwelcome in
England, unable to return to Italy and threatened by some circles of French Catholics, Vanini saw his room for manoeuvre shrinking and his chances of finding a stable place in French society failing. Fearing that a court case would be started against him in Paris, he fled and went
838:
In a mixture of reinterpretation of ancient knowledge and the dissemination of new scientific and religious theories, the protagonist discusses: the material, figure, colour, form, energy and eternity of heaven; the motion and the central pole of the heavens; the sun, the moon, the stars; fire;
834:
These contain a total of 60 dialogues (but really only 59, as dialogue XXXV is absent), which take place between the author, in the role of disseminator of knowledge, and an imaginary
Alessandro, who urges his interlocutor to list and explain the mysteries of nature found around and within man.
506:
The government census of the population of the hamlet of
Taurisano, in 1596, includes the names of Giovan Battista Vanini, his lawful son Alexander, born in 1582, and his natural son Giovan Francesco, while there is no mention of Vanini's wife or of another lawful son called Lucilio (or Giulio
626:. They managed to escape however, Genocchi in February 1614 and Vanini in March. The Spanish ambassador in London and the chaplain of the embassy of the Venetian Republic were thought to have engineered their escapes. The two passed through the hands of the papal nuncio in Flanders,
665:
A short time later Vanini returned to Paris, where he asked Nuncio
Ubaldini to intervene on his behalf with the authorities in Rome. Insufficiently assured, Vanini decided not to return to Italy, and instead cultivated connections with prestigious elements of the French nobility.
657:
Despite assurances, the return of Vanini and Genocchi was not entirely peaceful; in January 1615 Genocchi was arrested by the Inquisitor of Genoa. Vanini therefore, fearing the same fate, ran away again to France and headed to Lyon. There, in June 1615, he published
948:, but more materialistic. His world view was based on the eternity of matter, and of a God in nature as a "force" that shapes, orders and directs. All forms of life, he thought, had originated spontaneously from the earth itself as their creator.
525:
sciences, chiefly medicine and astronomy. By now, he had assimilated much knowledge and "speaks very good Latin and with great ease, is tall and a bit thin, has brown hair, an aquiline nose, lively eyes and a pleasant and ingenious physiognomy".
458:. In November 1618, he was arrested and, after a prolonged trial, was condemned to have his tongue cut out, to be strangled at the stake and to have his body burned to ashes. The murder was carried out on 9 February 1619 by local authorities.
681:, and was printed by Adrien PĂ©rier, a Protestant. The work was immediately successful among those aristocratic circles populated by young spirits who looked with interest to the cultural and scientific innovations that came from Italy. The
1097:' includes Vanini among his account of predecessors who also came to the same conclusion as that of his essay, which Schopenhauer expressed as follows: "Everything that happens, from the greatest to the smallest, happens necessarily."
741:
found him guilty of atheism and blasphemy and, in accordance with the regulations of the time, his tongue was cut out, he was strangled and his body was burned. After the execution it emerged that the stranger was in fact Vanini.
483:, Italy. His father was Giovan Battista Vanini, a businessman from Tresana in Tuscany, while his mother was the daughter of a man named Lopez de Noguera, a customs contractor of the Spanish royal family's lands in
901:, he denied the difference between the everyday world and the celestial world, saying that both are composed of the same corruptible material. He disputed, in the physical and biological world, finality and the
1053:
written by Joseph Louis Dominique de Cambis, Marquis de Velleron, but provides only uncertain information on the philosopher, largely rectified by recent studies. In this same period a manuscript copy of the
736:
The presence of this mysterious character in Toulouse did not however pass unnoticed and attracted the suspicions of the authorities. In August 1618 he was apprehended and interrogated. In February 1619, the
545:, a town under the rule of Venice, to study theology at that university (although there is no record of him subsequently obtaining a degree). While there he came into contact with the group led by
1010:. The two works, though, instead of turning off the voice of the philosopher, boosted it in an environment that was obviously ready to receive, discuss and recognise the validity of his claims.
145:
817:(possible translation: "On the Marvelous Secrets of Nature, the Queen and Goddess of Mortals"), printed in Paris in 1616 by publisher Adrien PĂ©rier, is divided into four books:
758:
Amphitheatrum Aeternae Providentiae divino-magicum, christiano-physicum, necnon astrologo-catholicum adversus veteres philosophos, atheos, epicureos, peripateticos et stoicos
713:
In the following months, a mysterious Italian, with a strange name (Pompeo Uciglio) and in possession of great knowledge but an uncertain past, appeared in some cities of
936:
To understand the origins of Vanini's thought one has to look to his cultural background, which was fairly typical of the Renaissance, with a prevalence of elements of
614:. Here the two remained for nearly two years, hiding their true identity from their English guests. In July 1612, they both renounced their Catholic faith and embraced
1152:
929:
reviewed and revalued by contemporary critics, revealing originality and insights (metaphysical, physical, biological) sometimes well ahead of their time.
1440:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1022:
L'Impiétè des Déistes, Athées et Libertins de ce temps, combatuë, et renversee de point en point par raisons tirées de la Philosophie, et de la Theologie
933:
one of the fathers of libertinism, he was regarded as a lost soul by conventional Christians, despite having written a defense of the Council of Trent.
1435:
1147:
955:, indicates otherwise. As a precursor of libertinism there are many elements that make his teaching close to the thought of the unknown author of the
622:
to some acquaintances his imminent flight from England, so in January, he and Genocchi were arrested on the orders of the Archbishop of Canterbury,
1430:
521:
Afterwards, he remained in the Naples area for two years, apparently living as a friar, or alternatively he returned to Lecce and studied the new
649:
1455:
1209:
A letter from the English ambassador to Venice, Dudley Carleton, dated 7 February 1611 ; the episode refers to nine years before, or 1603.
733:
of the time, was the governor of this region and seemed to grant protection to the fugitive, who still continued to keep carefully hidden.
848:
1425:
701:
in Brittany, where Abbott Arthur d'Épinay de Saint-Luc acted as his protector. But other factors gave cause for concern: in April 1617
1355:
1269:
1236:
119:
1013:
In that same year the name of Vanini was again brought to the attention of French culture during the sensational trial of the poet
308:
1460:
515:
439:, the book served its immediate purpose. Although Vanini did not expound his true views in his first book, he did in his second:
924:
If the first editor of his works, Luigi Corvaglia, and historian Guido De Ruggiero, unjustly, considered his writings simply "a
1020:
In 1624, the monk Marin Mersenne returned to attacking the philosophy of Vanini, analyzing some statements in chapter X of his
956:
53:
1465:
1445:
370:. Afterwards, he applied himself to the physical studies, chiefly medicine and astronomy, which had come into vogue with the
100:
57:
673:, and got it approved by two theologians at the Sorbonne. The work was published in September in Paris. It was dedicated to
72:
1420:
243:
705:, favorite of Marie de' Medici, was killed in Paris, giving rise to a wave of hostility to Italian residents at court.
79:
674:
549:
that, with the support of the English embassy in Venice, fueled anti-papal polemics. In 1611 he participated in the
1094:
1085:
The life of Lucilio (alias Julius Caesar) Vanini, burnt for atheism at Toulouse. With an abstract of his writings.
1415:
1031:, another opponent of libertinism, was strongly opposed to Vanini, considering him evil, a fool and a charlatan.
86:
894:
611:
553:
sermons, attracting the suspicions of the religious authorities. During that period, the controversy over the
451:
726:
496:
332:
296:
288:
226:
46:
68:
1035:
876:
423:
but was driven again to France, where he tried to clear himself of suspicion by publishing a book against
940:
Aristotelianism but with strong elements of mysticism and Neo-Platonism. On the other hand, he drew from
1073:
738:
623:
570:
Vanini then fled to England, along with his Genoese companion Bonaventure Genocchi. They passed through
471:
331:. He was among the first modern thinkers who viewed the universe as an entity governed by natural laws (
1024:, in which the theologian expresses his judgment of the works of Girolamo Cardano and Giordano Bruno.
1390:
1385:
1034:
English intellectuals showed interest in the ideas of Vanini, and it was especially with the work of
1014:
1083:
In 1730, the press in London was given a biography of Vanini with an extract of his works, entitled
1450:
1090:
999:
678:
529:
444:
959:, also a pantheist. Vanini thought in fact that the creators of the three monotheistic religions,
408:, supporting himself by giving lessons and disseminating radical ideas. He was obliged to flee to
554:
236:
480:
181:
159:
1351:
1265:
1232:
1069:
856:
627:
393:
1289:
La Vie et L'Ĺ’uvre de J.C Vanini, Princes des Libertins mort a Toulouse sur le bucher en 1619
1257:
1224:
1137:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
941:
914:
897:, Vanini denied the immortality of the soul and attacked the Aristotelian cosmos-view. Like
872:
793:
643:
631:
93:
702:
662:, a book against atheism, which he hoped would clear his name with the Roman authorities.
599:
1372:, articles in English and Italian, New Britain, Connecticut, May 1923, p. 13 (I, 7).
1305:,(translated), The Philosophical Forum, 42: 370–418. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9191.2011.00397.x
514:, taking the name of Fra Gabriele. He earned a doctorate in canon and civil law from the
312:
Homage to Giulio Cesare Vanini at the place of his death, the Place du Salin in Toulouse.
1183:
1038:
that Vanini's ideas entered English culture, becoming a cornerstone of libertinism and
1007:
945:
898:
777:
375:
155:
151:
1379:
1143:
1138:
918:
886:
579:
405:
379:
1068:, cited Vanini as an example of a learned atheist, alongside the ancient figures of
507:
Cesare). In 1603 Giovan Battista Vanini is reported for the last time in Taurisano.
17:
1061:
906:
902:
797:
390:
324:
1223:. Translated by Janaway, Christopher. Cambridge University Press. pp. 86–87.
1345:
951:
Vanini was considered an atheist, but his first work, published in Lyon in 1615,
847:
698:
615:
591:
558:
546:
522:
510:
Lucilio Vanini entered the University of Naples in 1599. In 1603 he entered the
436:
401:
371:
328:
268:
256:
248:
35:
1256:. Translated by Janaway, Christopher. Cambridge University Press. p. 79.
781:
765:
761:
511:
492:
488:
359:
1261:
1228:
1077:
910:
890:
861:
magister meus, divinus praeceptor meus, nostri seculi Philosophorum princeps
785:
718:
642:
In Paris, in the summer of 1614, Vanini subscribed to the principles of the
595:
351:
336:
292:
177:
1340:, Roma-Pisa, Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali, Roma (2005).
319:(1585 – 9 February 1619), who, in his works, styled himself
396:, whom he styled his divine master. Subsequently, he led a roving life in
968:
937:
789:
773:
722:
503:, which is consistent with the native land he mentions in his own works.
455:
363:
344:
276:
252:
200:
1156:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 895.
994:
In 1623 two works appeared that started the myth of Vanini the atheist:
1046:
1028:
944:
typical pantheistic elements, similar to those which are also found in
714:
607:
587:
571:
424:
409:
327:, who was one of the first significant representatives of intellectual
272:
801:
769:
603:
500:
450:
Vanini then left Paris, where he had been staying as chaplain to the
413:
397:
367:
1113:
Giulio Cesare is the Italian equivalent of Julius Caesar in English.
443:(Paris, 1616). This was originally certified by two doctors of the
1039:
964:
960:
846:
686:
648:
583:
575:
542:
528:
470:
420:
386:
355:
307:
212:
1017:, whose outlook had striking similarities with Vaninian thought.
1004:
Quaestiones celeberrimae in Genesim cum accurata explicatione ...
550:
484:
163:
855:
The naturalistic interpretation of supernatural phenomena that
871:, where, in simple and elegant prose, Vanini also referred to
432:
340:
29:
295:), humans and non-human apes have common ancestor; denied
1087:
The work debates Vanini's ideas, recognising much merit.
815:
De Admirandis Naturae Reginae Deaeque Mortalium Arcanis
669:
In 1616, Vanini completed the second of his two works,
441:
De Admirandis Naturae Reginae Deaeque Mortalium Arcanis
1045:
An unpublished manuscript in the municipal library of
996:
La doctrine curieuse des beaux esprits de ce temps ...
863:– had given in the early 16th century in his treatise
1303:
Eight Philosophical Dialogues of Giulio Cesare Vanini
1200:(based on works by Emile Namer and Andrzej Nowicki)
419:Returning to Italy, he made an attempt to teach in
282:
262:
242:
232:
222:
208:
189:
170:
136:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1317:Giulio Cesare Vanini da Taurisano filosofo Europeo
495:. A document dated August 1612, discovered in the
429:Amphitheatrum Aeternae Providentiae Divino-Magicum
1329:Giovanni Papuli, Francesco Paolo Raimondi (ed.),
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
653:Line engraving of Lucilio (Giulio Cesare) Vanini
479:Lucilio Vanini was born in 1585 in Taurisano,
335:). He was also an early literate proponent of
1338:Giulio Cesare Vanini nell'Europa del Seicento
8:
323:, was an Italian philosopher, physician and
1066:Various Thoughts on the Occasion of a Comet
447:, but was later re-examined and condemned.
389:, where he came under the influence of the
1347:General Sketch of the History of Pantheism
1319:, Schena Editore, Fasano, Brindisi (1998).
343:have common ancestors. He was murdered in
144:
133:
905:Aristotelian doctrine, and, reconnecting
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1344:Plumtre, Constance (1877). "V Vanini".
1106:
1254:The two fundamental problems of ethics
1221:The two fundamental problems of ethics
7:
893:texts and the commentary thereon by
557:placed on the Republic of Venice by
339:, maintaining that humans and other
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1310:Vanini e il primo '600 anglo-veneto
431:(1615). Though the definitions of
291:, God as a vital force in Nature (
25:
1441:17th-century executions by France
1411:17th-century Italian philosophers
1406:16th-century Italian male writers
1401:16th-century Italian philosophers
1396:People from the Province of Lecce
1350:. London: Spottiswoode & Co.
879:and other 16th century thinkers.
693:ban on the movement of the text.
677:, a powerful man at the court of
1436:People executed by strangulation
1130:
1042:in seventeenth century England.
885:Following Pietro Pomponazzi and
630:, to the papal nuncio in Paris,
34:
1051:Observations sur Lucilio Vanini
957:Treatise of the Three Impostors
889:in their interpretation of the
533:Statue of Paolo Sarpi in Venice
281:
45:needs additional citations for
1431:Italian people executed abroad
971:, were nothing but impostors.
475:Vanini's birthplace, Taurisano
412:in 1612 but was imprisoned in
138:Lucilio "Giulio Cesare" Vanini
1:
1456:Proto-evolutionary biologists
1252:Schopenhauer, Arthur (2009).
1219:Schopenhauer, Arthur (2009).
1331:Giulio Cesare Vanini - Opere
1333:, Galatina, Congedo (1990).
1326:, Galatina, Congedo (2006).
1312:, Cutrofiano, Lecce (1980).
1482:
1426:People executed for heresy
1336:Francesco Paolo Raimondi,
1095:On the Freedom of the Will
830:On Non-Christian Religions
541:In 1608, Vanini moved to
499:, describes Vanini as of
302:
218:
143:
1370:The Connecticut Magazine
1262:10.1017/CBO9780511581298
1229:10.1017/CBO9780511581298
917:system in favour of the
895:Alexander of Aphrodisias
804:, etc. on this subject.
675:François de Bassompierre
612:Archbishop of Canterbury
582:, and descended via the
454:, and began to teach in
452:Marechal de Bassompierre
1461:Persecution of atheists
1184:"Vanini, Giulio Cesare"
1153:Encyclopædia Britannica
919:heliocentric/Copernican
827:On Animals and Passions
727:Henri II de Montmorency
497:Vatican Secret Archives
385:From Naples he went to
333:nomological determinism
297:immortality of the soul
289:Nomological determinism
227:17th-century philosophy
1190:. Rice University, USA
978:are found themes from
877:Julius Caesar Scaliger
852:
709:Final year (1618–1619)
654:
578:, the Swiss canton of
566:In England (1612–1614)
534:
476:
467:Early life (1585–1612)
313:
1466:17th-century atheists
1446:Executed philosophers
1182:Westfall, Richard S.
1091:Arthur Schopenhauer's
869:De Admirandis Naturae
850:
739:Parlement of Toulouse
652:
638:In France (1614–1618)
532:
474:
311:
1421:Atheist philosophers
1366:Giulio Cesare Vanini
1315:Francesco De Paola,
1308:Francesco De Paola,
1291:, Emile Namer, 1980.
516:University of Naples
337:biological evolution
321:Giulio Cesare Vanini
54:improve this article
18:Giulio Cesare Vanini
1188:The Galileo Project
859:– called by Vanini
602:, finally reaching
487:, Terra d'Otranto,
350:Vanini was born at
27:Italian philosopher
867:was summarised in
865:De Incantationibus
853:
655:
535:
477:
314:
237:Western philosophy
1322:Giovanni Papuli,
1015:Théophile de Viau
857:Pietro Pomponazzi
851:Pietro Pomponazzi
824:On Water and Land
628:Guido Bentivoglio
610:residence of the
394:Pietro Pomponazzi
306:
305:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1473:
1416:Italian atheists
1361:
1276:
1275:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1179:
1158:
1157:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1114:
1111:
1000:François Garasse
942:Nicholas of Cusa
873:Gerolamo Cardano
794:Gerolamo Cardano
679:Marie de' Medici
644:Council of Trent
632:Roberto Ubaldini
562:Venice in 1612.
518:on 6 June 1606.
196:
148:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Lucilio Vanini"
62:
38:
30:
21:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1376:
1375:
1358:
1343:
1324:Studi Vaniniani
1298:
1296:Further reading
1285:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1193:
1191:
1181:
1180:
1161:
1148:Vanini, Lucilio
1146:, ed. (1911). "
1142:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1103:
992:
845:
812:
755:
748:
729:, protector of
711:
703:Concino Concini
697:into hiding at
640:
600:English Channel
568:
512:Carmelite order
481:Terra d'Otranto
469:
464:
285:
265:
204:
198:
194:
193:9 February 1619
185:
182:Terra d'Otranto
175:
166:
160:Campo de' Fiori
139:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1364:C. Teofilato,
1362:
1356:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1244:
1237:
1211:
1202:
1159:
1144:Chisholm, Hugh
1115:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1036:Charles Blount
1008:Marin Mersenne
991:
988:
946:Giordano Bruno
844:
841:
832:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:On Sky and Air
811:
806:
778:Thomas Aquinas
754:
749:
747:
744:
710:
707:
639:
636:
598:coast and the
567:
564:
555:1606 interdict
468:
465:
463:
460:
378:, he attacked
376:Giordano Bruno
358:, and studied
317:Lucilio Vanini
304:
303:
300:
299:
286:
283:
280:
279:
266:
264:Main interests
263:
260:
259:
246:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
199:
197:(aged 33)
191:
187:
186:
176:
172:
168:
167:
156:Giordano Bruno
152:Ettore Ferrari
149:
141:
140:
137:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1478:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1357:9780766155022
1353:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1271:9780511581298
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1238:9780511581298
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1139:public domain
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1056:Amphitheatrum
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
989:
987:
983:
981:
980:Amphitheatrum
977:
976:De Admirandis
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
953:Amphitheatrum
949:
947:
943:
939:
934:
930:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:Simone Porzio
883:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
849:
842:
840:
836:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
818:
816:
810:
809:De Admirandis
807:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
753:
752:Amphitheatrum
750:
745:
743:
740:
734:
732:
731:esprits forts
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
706:
704:
700:
694:
692:
688:
684:
683:De Admirandis
680:
676:
672:
671:De Admirandis
667:
663:
661:
660:Amphitheatrum
651:
647:
645:
637:
635:
633:
629:
625:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
563:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
531:
527:
524:
519:
517:
513:
508:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
473:
466:
461:
459:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
435:are somewhat
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
416:for 49 days.
415:
411:
407:
406:Low Countries
403:
399:
395:
392:
388:
383:
381:
380:scholasticism
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
310:
301:
298:
294:
290:
287:
284:Notable ideas
278:
274:
270:
267:
261:
258:
254:
250:
247:
245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
228:
225:
221:
217:
214:
211:
207:
202:
192:
188:
183:
179:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:Medallion by
147:
142:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
110:November 2014
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1369:
1365:
1346:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1288:
1253:
1247:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1192:. Retrieved
1187:
1151:
1109:
1093:1839 essay '
1089:
1084:
1082:
1065:
1062:Pierre Bayle
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1012:
1006:, of Father
1003:
995:
993:
984:
979:
975:
973:
952:
950:
935:
931:
925:
923:
907:Epicureanism
891:Aristotelian
884:
881:
868:
864:
860:
854:
837:
833:
814:
813:
808:
798:Peripatetics
757:
756:
751:
735:
730:
721:and finally
712:
695:
690:
682:
670:
668:
664:
659:
656:
641:
624:George Abbot
620:
569:
540:
536:
520:
509:
505:
478:
449:
440:
428:
418:
384:
349:
325:free-thinker
320:
316:
315:
195:(1619-02-09)
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1391:1619 deaths
1386:1585 births
1194:26 November
938:Averroistic
903:hylomorphic
717:, then the
699:Redon Abbey
616:Anglicanism
592:Netherlands
559:Pope Paul V
547:Paolo Sarpi
523:Renaissance
437:pantheistic
402:Switzerland
391:Alexandrist
372:Renaissance
329:libertinism
269:Metaphysics
257:libertinism
249:Rationalism
209:Nationality
154:on base of
1451:Pantheists
1380:Categories
1283:References
1049:preserves
998:of Jesuit
990:Reputation
782:Epicureans
766:Protagoras
762:Pythagoras
586:, through
580:GraubĂĽnden
493:Basilicata
489:Capitanata
360:philosophy
80:newspapers
1078:Euhemerus
1074:Theodorus
1064:, in his
915:Ptolemaic
911:Lucretius
786:Aristotle
719:Languedoc
596:North Sea
594:, to the
352:Taurisano
293:pantheism
178:Taurisano
1070:Diagoras
969:Muhammad
921:system.
790:Averroes
774:Boethius
723:Toulouse
691:de facto
606:and the
590:and the
456:Toulouse
445:Sorbonne
404:and the
364:theology
345:Toulouse
277:religion
253:humanism
203:, France
201:Toulouse
158:statue,
1301:(2011)
1141::
1047:Avignon
1029:Leibniz
926:centone
843:Thought
725:. Duke
715:Guyenne
608:Lambeth
588:Germany
572:Bologna
425:atheism
410:England
374:. Like
273:science
213:Italian
184:, Italy
94:scholar
1354:
1268:
1235:
1135:
1076:, and
1002:, and
802:Stoics
800:, the
796:, the
780:, the
770:Cicero
685:was a
604:London
551:Lenten
501:Apulia
491:, and
414:London
398:France
368:Naples
244:School
233:Region
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1368:, in
1101:Notes
1040:deism
1027:Even
965:Jesus
961:Moses
909:with
899:Bruno
746:Works
687:summa
584:Rhine
576:Milan
543:Padua
421:Genoa
387:Padua
356:Lecce
354:near
101:JSTOR
87:books
1352:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1196:2014
967:and
485:Bari
462:Life
362:and
341:apes
190:Died
174:1585
171:Born
164:Rome
73:news
1258:doi
1225:doi
1150:".
974:In
433:God
366:at
223:Era
56:by
1382::
1264:.
1231:.
1186:.
1162:^
1118:^
1080:.
1072:,
963:,
875:,
792:,
788:,
784:,
776:,
772:,
768:,
764:,
634:.
618:.
574:,
427::
400:,
382:.
347:.
275:,
271:,
255:,
251:,
180:,
162:,
1360:.
1274:.
1260::
1241:.
1227::
1198:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
