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was announced. According to archaeologists Doron Ben-Ami, Yana
Tchekhanovets and Salome Dan Goor they had unearthed a complex of rooms and fortified walls they identified as the Acra. Finds include fortification walls, a watchtower measuring 4 by 20 meters, and a glacis. Bronze arrowheads, lead
284:
Acra, was higher than the Temple, which it overlooked. Given that the new finds from the Givati
Parking Lot are some 200 metres away from the Temple Mount of the Hellenistic period, and at a much lower elevation than the Mount, they could not be part of the Acra that "overlooked the temple".
215:. The cupid is in a "striking" blue on a dark brown ground, he has wings and curly hair. The round cameo would have been an insert in a piece of jewelry. Cupid's left hand rests on an overturned torch, symbolizing death, so it was probably a mourning piece.
273:. This is a common noun, not a proper one, thus some confusion as to which fortification each specific ancient description is referring to: the refortified City of David, which Ritmeyer identifies as Josephus' southern part of the Lower City, or
442:"Israel archeologists uncover 2,000-year-old cupid in City of David dig Israel Antiquities Authority says added inlaid semi-precious stone is of the 'Eros in mourning,' one of a group of visual motifs linked with mourning practices."
423:"A Hoard Comprising Hundreds of Gold Coins was Uncovered in the Excavations the Israel Antiquities Authority is Conducting at the 'Giv'ati Car Park' in the City of David, in the Walls Around Jerusalem National Park"
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disagrees with this identification. He claims the location and north–south orientation of the fortifications make them part of the defensive walls of what is known today as the
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In 2019, a seal bearing the inscription "(belonging) to Nathan-Melech, Servant of the King" was discovered. The discoverers believe this seal probably refers to the official
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26:
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243:. These are indicative of the military nature of the site and the efforts to take it. The finds included coins from the reigns of Antiochus Epiphanes through
661:
376:
666:
185:
Excavations of the former Givati
Parking Lot began in 2007. Among the 2007 discoveries is an ancient building believed to have been the palace of Queen
441:
656:
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as the Lower City. This Lower City was fortified by the
Seleucids, who built the citadel known as Acra. In Greek, any fortification is called an
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sling-stones and ballista stones were unearthed at the site, stamped with a trident characteristic to the reign of
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Ritmeyer argues (a) there were two distinct fortified structures in the Lower City and (b) the new citadel,
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mentioned in 2 Kings 23:11. In 2023, a series of channels dating to the 9th century BCE were discovered.
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244:
568:"A Newly Discovered Personal Seal and Bulla from the Excavations of the GivꜤati Parking Lot, Jerusalem"
218:
676:
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Acra proper, the entirely new fortress. Based on the writings of
Josephus and 1 Maccabees 1:33,
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607:"An Early Iron Age Moat in Jerusalem between the Ophel and the Southeastern Ridge/City of David"
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295:
579:
508:
402:
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136:
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Mendel-Geberovich, Anat; Shalev, Yiftah; Bocher, Efrat; Shalom, Nitsan; Gadot, Yuval (2019).
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501:"Hellenistic Military Architecture from the Givʿati Parking Lot Excavations, Jerusalem"
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329:, hidden right before the 614 Persian invasion, same as the Byzantine Givati hoard
505:
The Middle
Maccabees: Archaeology, History, and the Rise of the Hasmonean Kingdom
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71:
58:
470:"Archeological find in Jerusalem's City of David may answer ancient mystery"
197:
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of 264 gold coins minted at the beginning of the reign of
Byzantine emperor
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44:
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Unearthing
Jerusalem: 150 Years of Archaeological Research in the Holy City
395:"Has the Adiabene Royal Family "Palace" Been Found in the City of David?"
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Gadot, Yuval; Bocher, Efrat; Freud, Liora; Shalev, Yiftah (2023).
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In 2010, the dig produced a small, Roman-era cameo of
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Various periods, primarily Second Temple and
Byzantine
200:, between the years 610–613 CE, thus just before the
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323:, running underneath the monumental stepped street
503:. In Berlin, Andrea M.; Kosmin, Paul J. (eds.).
299:Excavated ruins at the former Givati Parking Lot
165:archaeological site. The dig was conducted by
8:
397:. In Galor, Katharina; Avni, Gideon (eds.).
393:Ben-Ami, Doron; Tchekhanovets, Yana (2011).
19:
226:In November 2015, discovery of a tower and
157:is an archaeological excavation located in
432:, 22 December 2008. Accessed 23 June 2022.
355:"2,000 year-old cameo found in Jerusalem,"
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16:East Jerusalem archaeological excavation
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401:. Penn State Press. pp. 231–240.
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135:Part of a hoard, dated to the time of
480:from the original on November 4, 2015
222:Glacis associated with the Acra, 2015
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539:Ritmeyer, Leen (November 11, 2015).
247:, as well as a multitude of stamped
662:City of David (archaeological site)
192:In 2008 archaeologists uncovered a
547:from the original on July 23, 2021
541:"The mysterious Akra in Jerusalem"
14:
667:Archaeological sites in Jerusalem
468:Eisenbud, D. (November 3, 2015).
657:2007 archaeological discoveries
310:Excavations at the Temple Mount
230:identified as belonging to the
421:Israel Antiquities Authority,
383:, City of David Visitor Center
364:Aug. 30, 2010, Jerusalem Post.
169:and Yana Tchekhanovets of the
149:City of David excavation, 2011
31:Givati Parking Lot Excavations
1:
624:10.1080/03344355.2023.2246811
507:. SBL Press. pp. 37–52.
171:Israel Antiquities Authority
499:Zilberstein, Ayala (2021).
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572:Israel Exploration Journal
642:Givati Parking Lot Dig 3D
315:Monumental stepped street
257:Archaeological architect
91:Archaeological excavation
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175:City of David Foundation
173:and underwritten by the
161:. It is adjacent to the
321:Jerusalem Water Channel
204:conquest of Jerusalem.
72:31.773056°N 35.236389°E
672:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
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241:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
234:fortress known as the
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20:Givati Parking Lot dig
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245:Antiochus VII Sidetes
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77:31.773056; 35.236389
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360:2010-09-02 at the
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265:and described by
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211:. It is made from
187:Helena of Adiabene
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122:Public access
514:978-0-884-14504-2
408:978-1-57506-659-2
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484:November 4,
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51:Coordinates
651:Categories
339:References
114:Discovered
109:Site notes
63:35°14′11″E
60:31°46′23″N
677:Heraclius
584:0021-2059
254:handles.
198:Heraclius
140:Heraclius
45:Jerusalem
611:Tel Aviv
592:27098633
551:July 24,
545:Archived
478:Archived
445:Archived
426:Archived
377:Archived
358:Archived
304:See also
267:Josephus
232:Seleucid
37:Location
453:Haaretz
252:amphora
249:Rhodian
202:Persian
181:History
101:Founded
96:History
590:
582:
511:
405:
333:Silwan
228:glacis
159:Silwan
41:Silwan
682:Cupid
588:JSTOR
209:Cupid
194:hoard
580:ISSN
553:2022
509:ISBN
486:2015
403:ISBN
271:acra
236:Acra
213:onyx
153:The
117:2007
88:Type
619:doi
282:the
275:the
653::
615:50
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609:.
586:.
576:69
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570:.
543:.
472:.
460:^
347:^
189:.
177:.
125:No
43:,
627:.
621::
594:.
555:.
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488:.
455:.
411:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
