356:. Its altitude is 120 feet (37 m) above sea level. Along the southern margin is a gravel bluff at 150 to 160 feet (46 to 49 m) of considerable size. The northern margin has a gravel terrace at 140 feet (43 m) above sea level, and another narrow terrace is at 160 feet (49 m). The existing valley is the result of post-glacial erosion. The bluffs along both sides are seen as evidence of this theory. Black Lake resides in the pass, beginning as a swamp. Black Lake is 2 to 2.5 miles (3.2 to 4.0 km) long and 0.5 miles (0.80 km) wide. It stands 120 feet (37 m) above tide. Withdrawal of the edge of the ice from Thurston County left both the Deschutes and Nisqually Rivers free to flow directly northward to the growing body of water in the unobliterated interglacial valleys. The Nisqually carried a large volume of water when it first entered Lake Russell, since the Ohop channel still contributed the drainage of the northern and western slopes of Mount Rainier. It appears to have entered the western side of the interglacial Gate Pathway River valley, and to have contributed considerably toward the obliteration of that valley by deposition of the Sherlock Delta.
52:
36:
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into early
Glacial Lake Russell. When the ice margin receded northward, the lake expanded. When it reached the Clifton channel outlet, the water levels dropped to 120 ft (37 m) above sea level. The new longer and lower level lake is referred to as Lake Hood. The glacier continued to retreat
347:
valley. A northern channel left the Budd Inlet in near Butler Cove. A southern channel passed through
Capitol Lake. A third channel may have existed from the Eld Inlet. They merged where Black Lake now exists, following the Black River southward. Following the south side of a line of hill, the
255:
depression, a series of lakes developed, of which Lake
Russell was the largest and the longest lasting. Early Lake Russell’s surface was at 160 ft (49 m) above sea level, draining across the divide at
343:
as its primary drainage, Lake
Russell came into existence was continued after the edge of the ice had withdrawn from the region. Using two channels, the waters drained south to the
348:
channel is 150 to 155 feet (46 to 47 m) above sea level with a gravel plain 160 feet (49 m) across the outlet. This barrier is thought to be deposits from the outflow.
352:
contains the
Northern Pacific Railroad route over the pass between Puget Sound and the Chehalis Valley. In the pass is a long, narrow swamp, which drains to both Puget Sound and
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Forming about 17,000 years before present (ybp) as the ice front began to retreat northward. One version or another of Lake
Russell existed from 16,900 ybp until 15,900 ybp.
299:
was the name given to the freshwater in the
Nisqually Reach, until the ice front retreated far enough north for the meltwaters to cover the land between the mouth of the
283:. As the glacial ice retreated northward, the geologic troughs, which create the basins of the sound remained blocked from the northward outlets, until the
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405:
Vashon
Glaciation; Ralph Haugerud; Milepost Thirty-One; Washington State Department of Transportation, Quaternary Research Center; retrieved June 15, 2017
98:
744:
383:
Washington
Geological Survey, Bulletin No. 8; Glaciation of the Puget Sound Region; J. Harlen Bretz; Olympia, Wash, Frank M. Lamborn Public Printer; 1913
237:
Washington
Geological Survey, Bulletin No. 8; Glaciation of the Puget Sound Region; J. Harlen Bretz; Olympia, Wash, Frank M. Lamborn Public Printer; 1913
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until the northern outlet of the Hood Canal was reached as the water level equalized with Glacial Lake Russell becoming part of that body of water.
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is the name given to these eastern waters, until they merged with those of Lake Russell to the west.
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This article is about the lake in the state of Washington. For the California lake, see
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319:, and the great curve of the Nisqually Reach, northward to the
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a series of lakes formed along the southern margin of the
396:. The Journal of Geology, vol. 18, issue 5, pp. 448-458.
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When the glacial ice receded northward, reaching the
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Early Lake Russell formed in the southern basins of
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Glacial lakes Lake Puyallup & Early Lake Russell
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Glacial lake (former) in Thurston County, Washington
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335:area, a low drainage was reached in the eastern
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394:Glacial Lakes of Puget Sound: Preliminary Paper
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291:remained separate from those to the west.
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154:Vashon Lobe of the continental glacier
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750:Glacial lakes of the United States
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745:Former lakes of the United States
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770:Geography of Washington (state)
392:Bretz, J. Harlan (August 1910)
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1:
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287:cleared, the basins east of
765:Thurston County, Washington
85:Thurston County, Washington
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264:Lake Russell is named for
18:Lake Russell (prehistoric)
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755:Pierce County, Washington
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33:
225:160 m (520 ft)
207:155 m (509 ft)
114:47.117178°N 122.796780°W
760:King County, Washington
268:, Israel Cook Russell.
572:Glacial Lake Sammamish
191:65 miles (105 km)
119:47.117178; -122.796780
199:54 miles (87 km)
562:Glacial Lake Russell
623:Stillaguamish River
258:Shelton, Washington
249:Cordilleran Ice Cap
213:Residence time
110: /
699:Marrowstone Island
275:Early Lake Russell
732:
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654:Bainbridge Island
327:Black Lake Outlet
245:Vashon Glaciation
241:
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222:Surface elevation
166:Black Lake Outlet
782:
775:Proglacial lakes
496:Commencement Bay
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161:Primary outflows
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684:Harstine Island
649:Anderson Island
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633:Skokomish River
618:Snohomish River
598:Nisqually River
593:Deschutes River
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506:Nisqually Reach
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475:Admiralty Inlet
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317:Henderson Inlet
301:Nisqually River
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149:Primary inflows
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669:Fidalgo Island
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350:Percival Creek
345:Chehalis River
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321:Tacoma Narrows
297:Lake Nisqually
285:Tacoma Narrows
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719:Vashon Island
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709:McNeil Island
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694:Indian Island
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689:Herron Island
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679:Guemes Island
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557:Lake Puyallup
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540:Glacial lakes
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461:Central Basin
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339:. Using the
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178:United States
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704:Maury Island
659:Blake Island
628:Skagit River
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521:Port Gardner
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354:Grays Harbor
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217:ca 600 years
136:Glacial lake
65:Lake Russell
29:Lake Russell
613:Cedar River
567:Lake Tacoma
516:Padilla Bay
511:Oakland Bay
501:Elliott Bay
457:South Basin
443:Puget Sound
341:Black River
337:Black Hills
293:Lake Tacoma
281:Puget Sound
253:Puget Sound
243:During the
188:Max. length
117: /
105:122°47′48″W
92:Coordinates
81:Puget Sound
739:Categories
674:Fox Island
531:Skagit Bay
526:Port Susan
470:Hood Canal
360:References
313:Budd Inlet
251:. In the
234:References
204:Max. depth
196:Max. width
102:47°07′02″N
547:Lake Hood
309:Eld Inlet
266:geologist
131:Lake type
77:Location
642:Islands
333:Olympia
305:Olympia
586:Rivers
450:Basins
289:Tacoma
140:former
172:Basin
484:Bays
303:and
741::
368:^
315:,
311:,
435:e
428:t
421:v
142:)
138:(
20:.
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