192:
468:
256:
384:
610:. In the 20th century, it is estimated that it retreated by about 1 km, accompanied by a reduction in area of some 2 km. Between 1989 and 1999 alone, the glacier lost about 210 metres; it retreated a further 300 metres in the years to 2006. The ice thickness in the centre reduced during the period from 1981 to 2002 by 13.5 metres, an estimated loss in volume of 70 million mÂł of ice.
575:
199:
29:
314:
and the largest in the southern French Alps. Its area of 5.34 km (2002) is not, however, as great as that of the
Glacier de la Girose and the Glacier du Mont-de-Lans, which form a common system. The Glacier Blanc is a typical valley glacier, which initially runs in a curve towards the northeast
395:
where it is up to 250 metres deep, some 30 metres less than it was in 1985. The glacier flows at a speed of around 40 metres per year in its central section (in the mid-1980s it moved at 50 m/yr) and about 30 metres per year near its snout. Its reaction time, i.e. the time that elapses before the
510:, a small accommodation hut from the end of the 19th century. This primitive hut, that today is an exhibit, was built immediately next to a large stone slab that had hitherto acted as a camping place from which the area could be explored. The shelter was named the
582:
As with almost all alpine glaciers, the foot of the
Glacier Blanc has retreated. In earlier times, most recently in 1866, it formed a single glacial system with its southern neighbour, the moraine-covered Glacier Noir, whose streams joined one another above the
531:, with expansive views of the area. The hut trail runs for the most part immediately above the glacier and should only be attempted by fully equipped high-altitude alpinists because of the danger of falling into a
566:
PD. The western approach to the col is steep and challenging, although wire cables improve safety in its upper section. On the eastern side, the
Glacier Blanc reaches right up to the narrow wind gap.
850:
1013:
396:
foot of the glacier advances or retreats due to major changes in conditions in the accumulation zone, is about 6 years in the case of the
Glacier Blanc. From its head at over
924:
820:
635:
722:"25 years (1981–2005) of equilibrium-line altitude and mass-balance reconstruction on the Glacier Blanc, French Alps, using remote-sensing methods and meteorological data"
689:"25 years (1981–2005) of equilibrium-line altitude and mass-balance reconstruction on Glacier Blanc, French Alps, using remote-sensing methods and meteorological data"
191:
319:. Its average incline is about 30%, but it is flatter in its central section than on the north slope of the Barre des Écrins or in the icefall of its lower section.
391:
In its centre section, the main stream (excluding side glaciers) of the
Glacier Blanc is about 800 to 1000 metres wide. The greatest depth of ice occurs at the
977:
791:
1003:
857:
154:
928:
824:
639:
671:
998:
983:
948:
754:
539:
147:
788:
467:
255:
1008:
883:
818:
According to other sources 1876 was the year that the
Glacier Blanc and Glacier Noir were separated, c.f.
380:). Between the peaks that surround the glacial basin are smaller side glaciers that feed the main stream.
120:
392:
311:
808:
Tim Stott, Professor of
Physical Geography & Outdoor Education, Liverpool John Moores University
591:, the combined ice system reached its maximum extent in 1815 and ended roughly at the height of the
856:(in French). Revue de géographie alpine, Année 1967, Volume 55, No 55-4, p. 729–732. Archived from
720:
Antoine
Rabatel; Jean-Pierre Dedieu; Emmanuel Thibert; Anne Letréguilly; Christian Vincent (2008).
687:
Antoine
Rabatel; Jean-Pierre Dedieu; Emmanuel Thibert; Anne Letréguilly; Christian Vincent (2008).
515:
284:
138:
36:
951:(in French). L'Association des Professeurs de Biologie et GĂ©ologie Aix-Marseille. Archived from
757:(in French). L'Association des Professeurs de Biologie et GĂ©ologie Aix-Marseille. Archived from
461:
383:
971:
908:
563:
310:
With its 5.9 km-long tongue (in 2002), the
Glacier Blanc is the longest glacier in the
795:
270:
506:), from where the glacier is visible. Around 100 metres lower down the trail passes the
232:. Its name (which means "white glacier") derives from the fact that – unlike the nearby
588:
525:
is situated high above the Glacier Blanc on a prominent rocky 'pulpit', at a height of
58:
807:
668:
243:
A glacier that is largely free of such moraines is generally described in French as a
992:
978:
Information about the Glacier Blanc by l'école de Magnières, l'Académie de Nancy-Metz
675:
548:), the alpinist centre in the Haut Vénéon, the Glacier Blanc may be reached over the
422:
821:"Les cahiers thématiques du Parc national des Écrins – N°1 – Les glaciers, page 18"
784:
721:
688:
438:
233:
229:
67:
47:
789:
Informationen zum Glacier Blanc von l'école de Magnières, l'Académie de Nancy-Metz
535:. The high alpine base with 119 beds is often overbooked during the peak season.
269:
The Glacier Blanc begins on the northern slopes of the most southwesterly of the
489:
323:
236:("black glacier") – its surface appears pristinely white due to an absence of
774:– Contains a well-drawn diagram of a longitudinal section through the glacier
169:
156:
952:
758:
574:
493:
418:
925:"Les cahiers thématiques du Parc national des Écrins – N°1 – Les glaciers"
889:. Annals of Glaciology 13, International Glaciological Society, p. 159–163
636:"Les cahiers thématiques du Parc national des Écrins – N°1 – Les glaciers"
532:
304:
496:
ends at a large car park, a popular alpine walking trail runs up to the
471:
Barre des Écrins (4,102 m) in Hautes Alpes, France and the Glacier Blanc
968:– Contains a good diagram of a longitudinal section through the glacier
453:
414:), the Glacier Blanc descends through a height of around 1,600 metres.
316:
237:
221:
80:
74:
63:
28:
604:
As of 2010, the tongue of the Glacier Blanc lies at a height of about
421:
on the Glacier Blanc, which separates the accumulation zone from the
287:. It is separated from the Glacier Noir to the south by the crest of
225:
51:
927:(in French). Parc national des Écrins. December 2005. Archived from
823:(in French). Parc national des Écrins. December 2005. Archived from
638:(in French). Parc national des Écrins. December 2005. Archived from
352:
forms the southern boundary, running from the Barre des Écrins over
18:
573:
457:
382:
307:; on several older maps, this name is used for the whole glacier.
254:
315:
below the Barre, before its tongue turns southeast, becoming an
274:
441:, an indicator of its health, has not been fully investigated.
972:
Extensive information on the Glacier Blanc at vallouimages.com
694:. Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 54, No. 185, p. 308, section 2
27:
259:
The Glacier Blanc seen from the Dôme de Neige des Écrins (
727:. Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 54, No. 185, p. 307–314
425:, lies on the northern slopes at a height of about
299:. The upper part of the glacier is sometimes named
798:of up to 350 metres per year are clearly too high.
884:"Past and forecast fluctuations of Glacier Blanc"
664:
662:
660:
295:), that runs from the Barre des Écrins to the
606:
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376:
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8:
402:high to its foot, currently (2010) at about
715:
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882:Anne Letréguilly; Louis Reynaud (1989).
629:
627:
625:
623:
488:hut, where the road from the village of
466:
185:
26:
1014:Landforms of Provence-Alpes-CĂ´te d'Azur
947:Hervé Cortot; Marcel Chaud (Jul 2005).
753:Hervé Cortot; Marcel Chaud (Jul 2005).
669:Website of Kommune Pelvoux in Vallouise
619:
387:The meltwater exit of the Glacier Blanc
748:
746:
744:
742:
578:The snout of the Glacier Blanc in 2004
984:Historical study of the Glacier Blanc
198:
7:
431:and on the southern flanks at about
374:) to the Pointe du Serre Subeyran (
330:, the summits of the Roche Faurio (
14:
521:Two hours by foot further on the
444:The Glacier Blanc drains via the
368:) and Pointe de la Grande Sagne (
342:) and the Montagne des Agneaux (
197:
190:
1004:Glaciers of Metropolitan France
909:Description at vallouimages.com
146:
119:
108:
97:
86:
73:
57:
43:
322:The glacier is bounded on its
1:
1030:
562:. This is a day's tour at
35:The Glacier Blanc and the
16:Glacier in the French Alps
336:), Pic de Neige Cordier (
21:
446:Torrent du Glacier Blanc
297:Pointe du Serre Subeyran
498:Refuge du Glacier Blanc
849:Robert Vivian (1967).
579:
472:
388:
301:Glacier de l'Enc(o)ula
266:
206:Glacier Blanc (France)
32:
783:The speeds quoted at
577:
514:, after the alpinist
508:Ancien Refuge Tuckett
470:
386:
258:
148:Geographical location
31:
999:Glaciers of the Alps
863:on 24 September 2015
570:Historic development
558:) at the end of the
362:), Pointe Mettrier (
170:44.94139°N 6.38056°E
934:on 10 November 2010
830:on 10 November 2010
645:on 10 November 2010
585:Pré de Madame Carle
560:Val de Bonne Pierre
516:Francis Fox Tuckett
482:Pré de Madame Carle
456:, and finally the
452:, the Gyronde, the
326:left-hand side by,
166: /
949:"Le glacier Blanc"
851:"Le glacier Blanc"
794:2011-07-21 at the
755:"Le glacier Blanc"
580:
473:
389:
350:CrĂŞte de l'Encoula
289:CrĂŞte de l'Encoula
267:
33:
523:Refuge des Écrins
462:Mediterranean Sea
393:Refuge des Écrins
312:Massif des Écrins
293:CrĂŞte de l'Encula
214:
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175:44.94139; 6.38056
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437:. The glacier's
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271:four-thousanders
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37:Barre des Écrins
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796:Wayback Machine
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228:département of
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918:External links
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674:2006-11-26 at
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618:
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589:Little Ice Age
571:
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550:Col des Écrins
486:Refuge CĂ©zanne
477:
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324:orographically
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81:Valley glacier
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22:Glacier Blanc
15:
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1009:Durance basin
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958:on 2011-09-04
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764:on 2011-09-04
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587:. During the
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541:
536:
534:
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519:
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512:Hotel Tuckett
509:
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423:ablation zone
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245:glacier blanc
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218:Glacier Blanc
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139:DĂ´me de Neige
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101:5.34 km
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20:
960:. Retrieved
953:the original
936:. Retrieved
929:the original
903:
891:. Retrieved
877:
867:28 September
865:. Retrieved
858:the original
844:
832:. Retrieved
825:the original
814:
803:
779:
766:. Retrieved
759:the original
729:. Retrieved
696:. Retrieved
682:
647:. Retrieved
640:the original
607:2,400 m
603:
598:1,874 m
592:
584:
581:
559:
555:3,367 m
549:
545:1,713 m
537:
528:3,170 m
522:
520:
511:
507:
503:2,542 m
497:
485:
481:
479:
449:
445:
443:
439:mass balance
434:2,950 m
428:2,750 m
416:
411:2,315 m
405:2,400 m
399:4,000 m
390:
377:3,472 m
371:3,660 m
365:3,664 m
359:3,661 m
353:
349:
345:3,664 m
339:3,614 m
333:3,730 m
327:
321:
309:
300:
296:
292:
288:
280:4,102 m
268:
262:4,015 m
244:
242:
234:Glacier Noir
230:Hautes-Alpes
217:
215:
133:4,015 m
127:2,400 m
112:up to 250 m
90:5.9 km
68:Western Alps
48:Hautes-Alpes
593:Cezanne Hut
303:after this
173: /
993:Categories
938:14 October
834:14 October
649:14 October
614:References
540:La BĂ©rarde
490:Ailefroide
354:Barre Noir
328:inter alia
158:44°56′29″N
494:Vallouise
460:into the
419:firn line
251:Geography
161:6°22′50″E
109:Ice depth
980:(French)
974:(French)
792:Archived
672:Archived
533:crevasse
484:and its
240:debris.
238:morainic
44:Location
492:in the
454:Durance
408:(2002:
348:). The
317:icefall
273:in the
224:in the
222:glacier
114:(2005)
75:Glacier
64:Pelvoux
962:29 Sep
893:28 Sep
768:29 Sep
731:30 Sep
698:30 Sep
476:Access
448:, the
277:, the
226:French
121:Height
103:(2002)
92:(2002)
87:Length
52:France
956:(doc)
932:(pdf)
907:c.f.
887:(pdf)
861:(pdf)
854:(PDF)
828:(pdf)
762:(doc)
725:(pdf)
692:(pdf)
643:(pdf)
564:grade
538:From
480:From
458:RhĂ´ne
305:arĂŞte
283:high
220:is a
59:Range
964:2010
940:2010
895:2010
869:2010
836:2010
787:and
770:2010
733:2010
700:2010
651:2010
633:See
417:The
291:(or
275:Alps
216:The
98:Area
77:type
601:).
450:Gyr
130:to
995::
741:^
708:^
659:^
622:^
518:.
247:.
141:)
66:,
50:,
966:.
942:.
897:.
871:.
838:.
772:.
735:.
702:.
653:.
595:(
552:(
542:(
500:(
464:.
356:(
265:)
137:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
