472:, but all of their experiences around the world greatly impacted on and inspired their work, in particular in Spain, North Africa, and Japan. The group was constantly influenced by what they saw in the world around them and strove to display these images by utilizing the techniques of realism and naturalism; they had a passion to depict things as they actually are. This is one of the reasons that the group often chose to work outdoors. Working outdoors allowed them to produce paintings that were as true to nature as possible and it allowed them to paint realistic objects in their natural environment. They painted real people in real places. The production of naturalistic paintings was new to this time period, and thus their techniques were considered to be innovative. Similarly, the pieces often created a sense of movement, an accurate (or naturalistic) depiction of light and shade, and extremely realistic texture. This made them stand out in the art community.
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The
Glasgow Boys consisted of several men, most of whom were trained in, or had strong ties to the city of Glasgow. These men were brought together by a passion for realism and naturalism and this showed through in the pieces they produced. Along with this passion for naturalism, they shared a marked
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William
Buchanan was the first to use the name in the catalogue for a 1968 Glasgow Boys exhibition. This "invention" has been called an "ironic reference" to the equivalent menβs grouping. The term Glasgow Girls was emphasised by a major exhibition
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The name "Glasgow Girls" emerged much later. In the 1960s there was an attempt to give due attention to the work of the cityβs women artists to balance the plentiful discussion of the
Glasgow Boys. It is thought that the then head of the
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distaste for the
Edinburgh oriented Scottish art establishment, which they viewed as oppressive. Driven and motivated by these ideals they embraced change, created masterpieces, and became Scottish icons in the process.
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Women were able to flourish in
Glasgow during a "period of enlightenment" that took place between 1885 and 1920, where women were actively pursuing art careers and the
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232:. May Wilson and Eliza Bell, among others, continued the tradition of ceramic artistry into the 1940s and 1950s by hand painting various items with floral patterns.
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164:. The name, Spook School, or Spooky or Ghoul School, was originally a "derisive epithet" given to their work which "distorted and conventionalized human... form."
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247:(founded 1882) which offered a place for women artists to meet and also had exhibition space. In addition, many art school students and staff were involved in
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had a significant period of "international visibility". This is sometimes attributed to the "influential" and "progressive" head of the art school,
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at the end of the 19th century, resulting in an increase in distinctive contributions to the Art
Nouveau movement, particularly in the fields of
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Through the 1880s and 1890s, around the same time that the Spook School was gaining prominence, a collective which came to be known as the
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The
Glasgow Girls & artworks by Jessie M King from the Permanent Collection of the Gracefield Arts Centre in Dumfries, Scotland
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160:. The Four, otherwise known as the Spook School, ultimately made a significant impact on the definition of
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This article is about the art movement known as the (Glasgow School) Spook School. For other uses, see
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The
Glasgow Boys: An Exhibition of Work by the Group of Artists who Flourished in Glasgow 1880-1900
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Among the most prominent definers of the
Glasgow School collective were The Four. They were the
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There were three distinct waves of
Glasgow Boys. The leading figures of the first wave were
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in the 1870s, and flourished from the 1890s to around 1910. Representative groups included
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Lynne Walker (1993). "Review of "Glasgow Girls": Women in Art and Design 1880-1920".
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Andrew Gibbbon Williams, 'Engendering respect', The Times (features), 18 Sep 1990
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Their main influences were that of Japanese print, French Realism including
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was a circle of influential artists and designers that began to coalesce in
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The Glasgow Girls is the name now used for a group of female designers and
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The Glasgow Boys and Girls: Painting in Scotland Book of Postcards
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A large collection of work from the Glasgow Boys is held in the
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Burkhauser, Jude, ed. (1993). "The 'New Woman' in the Arts".
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movement, they were responsible for creating the distinctive
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Burkhauser, Jude (1993). "Restored to a Place of Honour".
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Art movement part of Art Nouveau in Glasgow, Scotland
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904:. Edinburgh: Canongate Press, Plc. pp. 43β54.
824:. Edinburgh: Canongate Press, Plc. pp. 19β26.
1587:Royal Scottish Society of Painters in Watercolour
926:"ExploreArt - Search Results - The Glasgow Girls"
686:Glasgow Girls: women in art and design, 1880-1920
902:Glasgow Girls: Women in Art and Design 1880-1920
822:Glasgow Girls: Women in Art and Design 1880-1920
746:Glasgow Girls: Women in Art and Design 1880-1920
269:Glasgow Girls: Women in Art and Design 1880-1920
748:. Edinburgh: Canongate Press. pp. 55β104.
744:Burkhauser, Jude (1993). "The Glasgow Style".
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409:(1860β1922). The third wave of artists were
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796:"Series 35, Antiques Roadshow - BBC One"
358:painting. Their subject matter featured
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1423:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art
957:, Volume 2, Scottish Arts Council, 1968
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1070:: The National Galleries of Scotland.
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785:, BBC Television, 19 September 2023.
152:, which found favour throughout the
708:Rezelman, Cogger. The Glasgow Boys.
346:was interpreting and expanding the
1768:Scotland in the nineteenth century
1428:Scottish National Portrait Gallery
1403:Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum
1025:"New Glasgow Boys gallery to open"
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598:Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum
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1994:Scotland in the twentieth century
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1946:History of the United Kingdom
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660:Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh
470:James Abbott McNeill Whistler
311:Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh
32:Spook School (disambiguation)
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1343:Centre for Contemporary Arts
67:. Part of the international
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1435:National Museum of Scotland
1413:National Galleries Scotland
592:Collections and exhibitions
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1718:List of Scottish artists
1521:Edinburgh College of Art
1363:Dundee Contemporary Arts
769:Glasgow Girls On Display
688:. Edinburgh: Canongate.
439:Alexander Ignatius Roche
230:Christian Jane Fergusson
146:Arts and Crafts Movement
2184:20th century in Glasgow
2179:19th century in Glasgow
1874:Great Disruption (1843)
1057:. John Murray, London.
567:(date unknown; d. 1908)
457:(1863–1946) and
403:James Whitelaw Hamilton
102:The Four (Spook School)
82:Glasgow experienced an
18:Glasgow Girls (artists)
1643:Merchant City Festival
1618:Edinburgh Art Festival
1592:Scottish Artists Union
1582:Royal Scottish Academy
1470:Royal Scottish Academy
1388:House for an Art Lover
1383:Gracefield Arts Centre
1086:15 August 2016 at the
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405:(1860–1932) and
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1727:Category:Scottish art
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1849:Highland Clearances
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1541:Leith School of Art
1536:Hospitalfield House
1490:Talbot Rice Gallery
1368:Fruitmarket Gallery
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969:Woman's Art Journal
650:George Henry Walton
635:Scottish Colourists
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435:David Young Cameron
425:(1864–1937),
389:(1848–1919),
222:Eleanor Allen Moore
55:(also known as the
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1854:Lowland Clearances
1653:Royal National MΓ²d
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995:"The Glasgow Boys"
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1031:. 20 October 2011
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508:Thomas Millie Dow
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182:Frances MacDonald
168:The Glasgow Girls
16:(Redirected from
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2146:
2144:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Red Clydeside
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
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2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1952:
1951:Victorian era
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
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1886:
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1877:
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1867:
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1857:
1855:
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1710:
1709:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:Art of Europe
1667:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
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1636:
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1565:
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1557:
1555:Organisations
1553:
1547:
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1537:
1534:
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1471:
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1424:
1421:
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1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Enlightenment
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1186:Celtic brooch
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:9780719560330
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1004:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
960:
956:
951:
948:
935:
931:
927:
921:
918:
913:
907:
903:
896:
894:
890:
878:
874:
870:
869:Oxforddnb.com
866:
860:
858:
856:
854:
850:
844:
842:
838:
833:
827:
823:
816:
813:
801:
797:
791:
788:
784:
783:
777:
774:
770:
765:
762:
757:
751:
747:
740:
737:
725:. CRM Society
724:
720:
714:
711:
705:
702:
697:
695:9781841951515
691:
687:
680:
677:
670:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
623:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
591:
585:
581:
575:
570:
566:
562:
556:
551:
547:
543:
537:
532:
528:
527:James Guthrie
524:
518:
513:
509:
505:
499:
494:
490:
486:
480:
475:
473:
471:
467:
462:
461:(1864β1925).
460:
456:
453:(1859β1904),
452:
448:
445:(1855β1904),
444:
441:(1861β1923),
440:
437:(1865β1945),
436:
433:(1872β1923),
432:
431:William Wells
429:(1862β1933),
428:
424:
421:(1856β1941),
420:
417:(1859β1918),
416:
413:(1865β1936),
412:
408:
404:
401:(1864β1933),
400:
397:(1858β1943),
396:
393:(1859β1930),
392:
391:James Guthrie
388:
385:(1861β1913),
384:
380:
376:
371:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:Impressionist
349:
345:
337:
331:
327:
321:
316:
312:
308:
302:
297:
293:
289:
283:
278:
276:
274:
271:organised by
270:
265:
256:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
108:
101:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:economic boom
80:
78:
74:
73:Glasgow Style
70:
66:
62:
61:Glasgow Girls
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2164:Scottish art
2102:Independence
2009:Architecture
1929:
1783:Architecture
1711:
1699:
1348:Dean Gallery
1260:
1155:Early modern
1125:Scottish art
1067:
1054:
1048:Bibliography
1033:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:the original
998:
989:
972:
968:
962:
954:
950:
938:. Retrieved
934:the original
929:
920:
901:
880:. Retrieved
868:
821:
815:
803:. Retrieved
799:
790:
780:
776:
764:
745:
739:
727:. Retrieved
722:
713:
704:
685:
679:
655:Hannah Frank
595:
579:
560:
541:
522:
503:
484:
463:
455:George Pirie
407:E. A. Walton
399:E. A. Hornel
395:George Henry
372:
368:
344:Glasgow Boys
341:
325:
306:
287:
268:
260:
234:
190:Annie French
171:
125:, acclaimed
120:glass artist
113:
88:architecture
81:
72:
65:Glasgow Boys
64:
60:
57:Spook School
56:
52:
40:
38:
36:
2154:Art Nouveau
1895:Romanticism
1864:Radical War
1679:English art
1408:The McManus
1333:An Lanntair
1237:Romanticism
1227:Renaissance
1206:Portraiture
1201:Photography
1145:Insular art
1140:Prehistoric
640:Ann Macbeth
451:James Nairn
427:Stuart Park
419:John Lavery
411:David Gauld
241:Fra Newbery
202:Ann Macbeth
162:Art Nouveau
69:Art Nouveau
2143:Categories
2075:Devolution
2049:Literature
2019:Demography
1823:Literature
1793:Demography
1485:Summerhall
1252:Celtic art
729:15 January
719:"The Four"
671:References
580:Near Dover
176:including
154:modern art
2068:Movements
2029:Education
1888:Movements
1803:Education
1689:Welsh art
1684:Irish art
1321:Galleries
1307:Edinburgh
1220:Movements
1211:Sculpture
1196:Landscape
1191:Genre art
1029:Bbc.co.uk
975:(2): 60.
288:A Paradox
275:in 1990.
150:Japonisme
127:architect
2059:Religion
2039:Language
2034:Identity
1900:Tartanry
1833:Religion
1813:Language
1808:Identity
1297:Aberdeen
1290:By place
1150:Medieval
1084:Archived
1035:24 April
940:23 April
882:24 April
871:. 2004.
805:23 April
624:See also
616:and the
364:Scotland
178:Margaret
96:painting
63:and the
53:The Four
49:Scotland
2024:Economy
1798:Economy
1495:Tramway
1312:Glasgow
1009:2 April
981:1358454
542:Bluette
525:by Sir
491:, 1885.
174:artists
134:Frances
116:painter
59:), the
45:Glasgow
2002:Topics
1842:Events
1776:Topics
1302:Dundee
1170:Modern
1061:
979:
908:
828:
752:
692:
586:, 1921
548:, 1891
510:, 1886
504:Spring
468:, and
332:, 1898
313:, 1903
294:, 1905
158:Europe
148:, and
144:, the
2054:Music
1828:Music
1179:Forms
977:JSTOR
360:rural
348:canon
75:(see
1254:and
1133:Eras
1059:ISBN
1037:2018
1011:2019
942:2018
906:ISBN
884:2018
826:ISBN
807:2018
750:ISBN
731:2020
690:ISBN
354:and
180:and
136:and
118:and
94:and
39:The
2044:Law
2014:Art
1818:Law
1788:Art
1648:MΓ²d
873:doi
800:BBC
582:by
563:by
544:by
506:by
487:by
350:of
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309:by
290:by
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2145::
1027:.
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973:14
971:.
928:.
892:^
867:.
852:^
840:^
798:.
721:.
620:.
612:,
608:,
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366:.
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216:,
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208:,
204:,
200:,
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192:,
188:,
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90:,
47:,
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1971:v
1759:e
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1116:e
1109:t
1102:v
1039:.
1013:.
983:.
944:.
914:.
886:.
875::
834:.
809:.
758:.
733:.
698:.
34:.
20:)
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