Knowledge (XXG)

Glass Flowers

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120: 20: 218: 254: 171: 2153: 205:, in which glass is melted over a flame fed by air from a foot-powered bellows, then shaped using tools to pinch, pull or cut; forms were blown as well. Their old-fashioned Bohemian lamp-working table is part of the museum exhibit. Over the years Rudolf brought more and more of the entire production process under his personal control, eventually even manufacturing his own glass and colorants. 194: 2165: 87:. It includes 847 life-size models (representing 780 species and varieties of plants in 164 families) and some 3,000 detail models such as of plant parts and anatomical sections. The collection comprises approximately 4,400 individual glass models representing over 830 plant species. Among the models, 64 glass sculptures depict the effect of 141:
went to Dresden to ask them to make a series of glass botanical models for Harvard, which would be three-dimensional and with stable color. Leopold was hesitant but eventually agreed to make some sample models which, though badly damaged in customs, convinced Goodale of their value in botanical teaching.
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It is often said that the Blaschkas employed secret techniques now lost; in fact their techniques were common at the time, but their skill, enthusiasm, and meticulous study and observation of their subjects in life were extraordinary, which Leopold ascribed to familial tradition, in a letter to Mary
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Ware, who were already liberal benefactors of Harvard's botanical department. The original arrangement (in 1887) provided that the Blaschkas would work half time on the project, but in 1890 a new arrangement called for them to work full-time. The work continued until 1936, at which point Leopold and
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At the time botanical specimens were pressed, carefully labeled, and put on display. The pressing lost the three-dimensional aspect of the specimens, and the formerly living tissues lost their color. In 1886 the Blaschkas were approached by Professor Goodale, who after seeing their marine models,
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reporter taking the tour commented "Tercentenary or no, the chief focus of interest remains the famous glass flowers, the first of which was put on exhibition in 1893, and which with additions at intervals since, have never failed to draw exclamations of wonder or disbelief from visitors." Many
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Botanist Donald Schnell has called the models "enchanting", and relates his surprise at finding that the models faithfully depict an unpublished detail of a bee's behavior while pollinating a particular plant—a detail which he had privately hypothesized. Whitehouse and Small wrote that "the
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The Glass Flowers is one of the most noted tourist attractions of the Boston area. More than 210,000 visitors view the collection annually. In 1936, when Harvard invited the public to tour the campus in honor of its tercentenary, a
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superiority in design and construction of the Blaschka models surpasses all modern model making to date and the skill and art of the Blaschkas rests in peace for eternity."
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visitors initially believe the Glass Flowers to be real, organic, plants and soon after entering or leaving exhibition inquire "Where are the glass flowers?"
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Rossi-Wilcox SM. 2008. From reference specimen to Verisimilitude: the Blaschkas' penchant for botanical accuracy. Hist Biol 20(1):11–18.
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The models are glass with wire supports (internal or external), glue, a variety of organic media, and paint or enamel coloring. The
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Schultes, Richard Evans., William A. Davis, and Hillel Burger. The Glass Flowers at Harvard. New York: Dutton, 1982. Print.
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Lee Ware: "Many people think that we have some secret apparatus by which we can squeeze glass suddenly into these forms
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https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/theater-art/2016/05/24/harvard-glass-flowers-return/SwICUX1ZgpsP3CPPeMbpuO/story.html
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has called them "anatomically perfect and, given all the glass-workers who've tried and failed, unreproducible."
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The Archives of Rudolph and Leopold Blaschka and the Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants -
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To fund the project Goodale approached his former student Mary Lee Ware and her mother, Elizabeth
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Schnell, Donald (2002). Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada. Timber Press.
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for Poetry in 2008), "The Ware Collection of Glass Flowers and Fruit, Harvard Museum", in
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http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/goodale-george.pdf
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Flowers that never fade / Franklin Baldwin Wiley. Boston Bradlee Whidden, Publisher 1897
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Starting in 1863 the Blaschkas had a thriving business making glass models of
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Collection of glass botanical models at the Harvard Museum of Natural History
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Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka § Glass marine invertebrates
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Things that talk : object lessons from art and science
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The Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants
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Botanical Museum (1982). 8: 338:"Blaschka Plants Blend Science and Artistry" 275:mouthed to the shape of how soft things are, 897: 796: 782: 774: 63:from 1887 through 1936 at their studio in 2212:Natural history museums in Massachusetts 759:The Story of Rudolf and Leopold Blaschka 544:"Putting the Glass Flowers in new light" 292:"Superior people never make long visits, 252: 236:At least two poems feature the flowers: 216: 152:The collection is formally dedicated to 2021:Institute for Advanced Theater Training 1660:Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 328: 267:He's built a perfection out of hunger, 123:Rudolf (standing) and Leopold Blaschka 41:) is a collection of highly realistic 269:fused layer upon layer, swirled until 201:The Blaschkas' primary technique was 71:, the collection was commissioned by 7: 2164: 1813:Collection of Scientific Instruments 294:have to be shown Longfellow's grave, 2217:Museums in Cambridge, Massachusetts 658:Swinney, Geoffrey N. (2008-02-01). 1601:Center for Nonprofit Organizations 336:McFadden, Robert D. (1976-03-08). 296:or the glass flowers at Harvard." 271:what can't be tasted, won't yield, 91:, in particular plant diseases of 75:, the first director of Harvard's 14: 2057:List of Harvard University people 764:Flowers Out of Glass (Penn State) 566:Harvard's glass flowers return - 369:Tribe, Henry T. (November 1998). 277:how good, before they disappear. 50:Harvard Museum of Natural History 2163: 2152: 2151: 2026:Nieman Foundation for Journalism 1791:Archaeology and Ethnology Museum 769:How Were The Glass Flowers Made? 723:"CABINET // Great Vitreous Tact" 1852:Museum of the Ancient Near East 1674:Journal of Law & Technology 1454:Baker Library/Bloomberg Center 647:. 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Index


Asarum canadense
glass
botanical
Harvard Museum of Natural History
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka
Hosterwitz
Dresden, Germany
George Lincoln Goodale
Botanical Museum
Mary Lee Ware
Elizabeth C. Ware
fungi
Rosaceae
phytopathogens
Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka
Glass sea creatures

marine invertebrates
Glass sea creatures
C.
Dr. Charles Eliot Ware
Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka § Glass marine invertebrates


lampworking

New York Times
Mark Doty

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