421:
1355:
371:, who toured the country in the early seventies with a mobile studio. Boysen traveled to Australia in 1974, where he promoted glass artistry by presenting a "revolutionary demonstration of glass blowing" to a gathering of around 250 attendees. Boysen's mobile studio "successfully toured eight eastern states’ venues in ’74, thus greatly enhancing the credibility of hand crafted glass." Boysen's visit is credited with helping "inspire a generation of artists to work with glass and eventually led to the creation of the national glass art collection" in Wagga Wagga, Australia. This important collection includes over 450 works of art and is "the most comprehensive public collection of Australian studio glass anywhere." Since that time Australian glass has gained worldwide recognition with Adelaide in South Australia, hosting the International Glass Art Society Conference in 2005 on only its third occasion outside of the U.S. The
998:
986:
1056:
1282:
897:, is a nonprofit art and history education center that is home to the Museum of American Glass, which houses the largest collection of American glass objects in the world. The collection includes historical glass as well as contemporary work from some of the glass world's biggest names. In addition to the museum, WheatonArts operates a world-class glass studio under the creative direction of Hank Murta Adams. The Creative Glass Center of America, which is funded by WheatonArts and crucial to its mission of continuing Millville's legacy in the glass world, hosts a fellowship program exclusively for up-and-coming and mid-career artists working in glass. Well-known alumnae of the CGCA fellowship include
1244:
1339:
229:
1037:
1259:
1106:
1194:
733:
201:
1320:
31:
1218:
824:
1125:
1206:
816:
1166:, and can be either made up from a single piece of glass that is slumped into or over a mould or different colours and sheets of glass fused together. The process of hot glass is highly scientific in that the types of glass and temperatures that they must be fired at is quite complicated operation to undertake correctly. Art glass that is kiln formed usually take the form of dishes, plates or tiles. Glass that is fused in a kiln must be of the same
1301:
248:, which uses torches and kilns in its production. The artist generally works at a bench using rods and tubes of glass, shaping with hand tools to create their work. Many forms can be achieved this way with little investment into money and space. Though the artist is somewhat limited in the size of the work that can be created, a great level of detail can be achieved with this technique. The
1137:
970:
621:
1354:
68:. The glass objects created are intended to make a sculptural or decorative statement, and typically serve no useful function. Though usage varies, the term is properly restricted to glass made as art in small workshops, typically with the personal involvement of the artist who designed the piece. This is in contrast to
1170:(CoE). If glass that does not have the same CoE is used for fusing, the differing rates of contraction will cause minute stress fractures to form and, over time, these fractures will cause a piece to crack. The use of polarizing filters to inspect the work will determine if stress fractures are present.
192:
In the early 20th century, most glass production happened in factories. Even individual glassblowers making their own personalized designs would do their work in those large shared buildings. The idea of "art glass" grew – small decorative works in small production runs, often with designs or objects
858:
has residency programs for artists working in glass, as well as a facility for artists to make use of for their works. Pittsburgh Glass Center offers classes to the public on glassblowing and many other forms of glass art. Philadelphia hosts a small array of glass studios for artists that use glass.
839:
The growth of studio glass led to the formation of glass schools and art studios located across the country. The largest concentrations of glass artists are located in
Seattle, Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles/Orange County and Corning, New York also
728:
were making both functional and artistic glass pieces. Toledo's rich history in glass goes back to the turn of the century when Libbey Glass, Owens-Illinois and Johns
Manville led the world in the manufacturing of glass products. Their reputations earned Toledo the title of the "Glass Capital of the
662:
which houses a specialist glass art course. St. Helens boasts a similar establishment but without the educational body attached. Perthshire in
Scotland was known internationally for its glass paperweights. It has always hosted the best glass artists working on small scales, but closed its factory in
263:
can be done at the furnace, at the torch or in a kiln. Generally the artist makes a mold out of refractory, sand, or plaster and silica which can be filled with either clear glass or colored or patterned glass, depending on the techniques and effects desired. Large scale sculpture is usually created
694:
An internationally renown center for glass, NorthLands
Creative Glass, was established in late 1990s in the far north of Scotland by Dan Klein, Ian & Bunty Gunn and Robert McClennan as a center of excellence for the exploration of glass. It offered residencies and masterclasses to arts students
690:
Other glass organisations in the UK are The Guild of Glass
Engravers, the Scottish Glass Society and Cohesion. Cohesion is a different sort of entity to the other organisations in that it was specifically founded to promote and develop glass art as a commercial concern. It organises trade events in
256:
are good examples of what can be achieved with flame-working techniques. In the 21st century, flame-worked glass became commonly used as adornments on functional items. The glass conductor's baton, commissioned by
Chandler Bridges for Dr. Andre Thomas, is a clear example of flame-working being used
1090:
or blow tube – on a smaller scale. Once in a molten state, the glass is formed by blowing and shaping with tools and hand movements. Though typical lampworking art takes the form of beads, figurines, marbles, small vessels, Christmas tree ornaments, and other such things, it is also used to create
336:
produced glass windows considered by some as masterpieces not only of design, but of painterly composition as well. During the 1950s, studio ceramics and other craft media in the U.S. began to gain in popularity and importance, and
American artists interested in glass looked for new paths outside
1021:
can be used to create a multitude of shapes and can incorporate color through a wide range of techniques. Coloured glass can be gathered out of a crucible, clear glass can be rolled in powdered colored glass to coat the outside of a bubble, it can be rolled in chips of glass, it can be stretched
674:
The
Glasshouse, one of the first artist run UK studios, was established in 1967. Artists such as Jane Bruce, Steven Newell, Catherine Hough, Annette Meech, Christopher Williams and Simon Moore spent time working there until it closed its doors in the late 1990's. There are now a growing number of
870:
The Studio of The
Corning Museum of Glass, established in 1996, is an internationally renowned teaching facility in Corning, NY. Classes and workshops are held for new and experienced glassworkers and artists. The Studio's residency program brings artists from around the world to Corning for a
225:, where a glassblower works at a furnace full of molten glass using metal rods and hand tools to blow and shape almost any form of glass, is one of the more popular ways to work. Most large hollow pieces are made this way, and it allows the artist to be improvisational as they create their work.
1186:
Glass can be decorated by sandblasting the surface of a piece in order to remove a layer of glass, thereby making a design stand out. Items that are sandblasted are usually thick slabs of glass into which a design has been carved by means of high pressure sandblasting. This technique provides a
353:
held the now-famous glass workshop at the Toledo Museum of Art in 1962. The goal was to melt glass in a small furnace so individual artists could use glass as an art medium in a non-industrial setting. This was the workshop that would stimulate the studio glass movement that spread around the
948:
Stained glass, such as the windows that are seen in churches, are windows that contain an element of painting in them. The window is designed. After the glass has been cut to shape, paint that contains ground glass is applied, so that, when it is fired in a kiln, the paint fuses onto the glass
196:
By the 1970s, there were good designs for smaller furnaces, and in the United States this gave rise to the "studio glass" movement of glassblowers, who worked outside of factories, often in their own buildings or studios. This coincided with a move towards smaller production runs of particular
411:
Although China has a very long tradion of glass art, studio glass was arguably first made by
Loretta H. Yang and Chang Yi in 1987 at the first contemporary Chinese liuli art studio Liuligongfang. In 1997, Yang and Chang released their technique and procedure to the public. The Liuligongfang
320:
The international studio glass movement originated in America, spreading to Europe, the United Kingdom, Australia and Asia. The emphasis of this movement was on the artist as the designer and maker of one-of-a-kind objects, in a small studio environment. This movement enabled the sharing of
847:
near Seattle has become a mecca for glass artists from all over the world. Those who attend Pilchuck, either college students or established artists, have the opportunity to attend master classes and exchange skills and information in an environment dedicated solely to glass based arts.
1237:. It consists of wrapping cut sections of glass in a self-adhesive tape that is made out of thin copper foil. This technique requires a great deal of dexterity and is also very time-consuming. After the sections have been foiled, they are soldered together in order to form the item.
1016:
is one of the most used technique for creating "art glass" and is still favoured by most of today's studio glass artists. This is because of the artist's intimacy with the material, and an almost infinite opportunity for creativity and variation at almost every stage of the process.
550:
were noteworthy Japanese studio glass artists who worked before and after the studio glass movement of the 1960s. Both were active studio glass artists by the late 1940s. Fujita got his start working in the production part of Toshichi Iwata's studio which was founded in 1947.
670:
British Glass Art owes much to the long history of craft. The majority of its glass blowers who operate small studio furnaces produce aesthetically beautiful though primarily functional objects. Technical skill as a blower is given as much importance as the artistic intent.
1055:
420:
341:, often referred to as the "Father of the Studio Glass Movement", was inspired to develop studio glassblowing in America by the great glass being designed and made in Italy, Sweden and many other places, and by the pioneering work in ceramics of the California potter
1281:
1030:. "Blown glass" refers only to individually hand-made items but can include the use of moulds for shaping, ribbing, and spiking to produce decorative bubbles. Glass blown articles must be made of compatible glass or the stress in the piece will cause a failure.
666:
Glass artists in the UK have a variety of exhibitions. The Scottish Glass Society hosts a yearly exhibition for members, the Guild of Glass Engravers exhibit every two years and the British Glass Biennale, begun in 2004 is now opening its third show.
571:
Mexico was the first country in Latin America to have a glass factory in the early sixteenth century brought by the Spanish conquerors. Although traditional glass in Mexico has prevailed over modern glass art, since the 1970s there have been a
1105:
928:
San Jose State University glass program was started by Dr. Robert Fritz in 1964 and is the oldest educational studio glass program in California. Dr. Fritz died suddenly in 1986 and Mary B. White ran the program from 1986 to 2005.
184:
in America specialized in secular stained glass, mostly of plant subjects, both in panels and his famous lamps. From the 20th century, some glass artists began to class themselves as sculptors working in glass and as part of the
797:
founded a university-level glass program at San Jose State University in San Jose, California. As a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison under Harvey Littleton, Bill H. Boysen built the first glass studio at
806:
initiated the glass program at the Rhode Island School of Design in 1969. Tom McGlauchlin joined the Toledo Museum of Art as Professor and Director of Glass in conjunction with the University of Toledo's Art program in 1971.
792:
In 1964, Tom McGlauchlin started one of the first accredited glass programs at the University of Iowa, and Marvin Lipofsky founded the university-level glass program at the University of California at Berkeley. In 1964, Dr.
272:
is similar to cast glass, but it is not done at as high of a temperature. Usually the glass is only heated enough to impress a shape or a texture onto the piece, or to stick several pieces of glass together without a glue.
402:
Season 3) co-founded Gent Glas, a public glass studio focused on introducing glass as an artistic medium to the general public. The studio has gone on to invite over 40 visiting artists from 13 different countries.
985:
1036:
859:
Home to the National Liberty Museum (featuring all exhibits by international glass artists), Philadelphia hosts the non-profit P.I.P.E. program, with residencies for artists that use glass as well as metal,
773:, during which they began experimenting with melting glass in a small furnace and creating blown glass art. Littleton and Labino were the first to make molten glass feasible for artists in private studios.
1338:
294:
is created by dipping glass that has an acid resistant pattern applied to its surface into an acid solution. Also an artist can engrave it by hand using wheels. Sandblasting can create a similar effect.
997:
871:
month to work in The Studio facilities, where they can explore and develop new glassblowing techniques or expand on their current bodies of work; recipients of the Specialty Glass Residency include
412:
technique has since become a key cornerstone upon which contemporary Chinese liuli is built with Yang and Chang widely recognized as the pioneers and founders of contemporary Chinese liuli.
777:
extended his influence through his own important artistic contributions and through his teaching and training, including many of the most important contemporary glass artists, including
729:
World." These industry leaders, along with the Toledo Museum of Art, sponsored the first glass workshop in 1961. This workshop would lead to a new movement in American studio glass.
691:
and around the UK and at the international level. Originally it focused only on artists based the north east of England but has since expanded its remit to cover the whole of the UK.
530:. Every autumn, the Niijima International Glass Art Festival takes place inviting top international glass artists for demonstrations and seminars. Emerging glass artists, such as
76:, covering the whole range of glass with artistic interest made throughout history. Both art glass and studio glass originate in the 19th century, and the terms compare with
1319:
969:
354:
world. Instead of the large, industrial settings of the past, a glass artist could now work with a small glass furnace in an individual setting and produce art from glass.
1258:
1853:
84:, but in glass the term "studio glass" is mostly used for work made in the period beginning in the 1960s with a major revival in interest in artistic glassmaking.
802:, in Penland, North Carolina, in 1965. After graduating in 1966, he started the graduate glass program at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Illinois.
867:. The state of Pennsylvania has a long tradition of the production of industrial glass and its influence has quickly been absorbed by artists working in glass.
180:
important names in the first French wave of the movement, producing colored vases and similar pieces, often in cameo glass, and also using lustre techniques.
478:
glass art which was inspired by the studio glass movement of the 1960s has a short history. The first independent glass studios of this period were built by
1233:
The technique of using copperfoil is mainly used in the construction of smaller pieces such as Tiffany style lamps, and it was, in fact, frequently used by
695:
and established artists both within and outside of the glass field. Sadly, after 27 years, in 2023, NorthLands Creative Glass permanently closed its doors.
443:(US), there were more on the Island of Murano (Italy) than anywhere else in world. The majority of the refined artistic techniques of glassblowing (e.g.,
1243:
328:
in the arts, there was a broadening of artistic media throughout the 20th century. Indeed, glass was part of the curriculum at art schools such as the
1300:
91:. Their prices may range from a few hundred to hundreds of thousands of dollars (US). For the largest installations, the prices are in the millions.
600:, Willem Heesen (Master Glassblower as well) had a major influence on Dutch glass art. Later the studio glass movement, inspired by the American
1557:
1530:
1502:
1217:
1124:
1416:
1178:
Cold glass is worked by any method that does not use heat. Processes include sandblasting, cutting, sawing, chiseling, bonding and gluing.
1205:
700:
1731:
1193:
459:) were developed there. Moreover, generations of blowers passed on their techniques to family members. Boys would begin working at the
835:. The piece is 30" x 11" x 3" and comprises hundreds of murrine (patterned tiles of glass) and zanfirico cane (rods of woven colors).
1878:
1116:
887:, and benefit from the resources of the Rakow Research Library, whose holdings cover the art and history of glass and glassmaking.
675:
glass studios in the UK. Many specialize in production glassware while others concentrate on one off or limited edition pieces. An
1167:
1064:
detail from a glass bowl blown at the World of Glass Museum. The white swirl was made by rolling the hot glass in glass powder.
963:
and stained glass are manufactured in the same way, but leadlights do not contain any sections of glass that have been painted.
1949:
1669:
716:
The United States has had two phases of development in glass. The first, in the early and mid-1900s, started in the cities of
1857:
1709:
676:
1026:, or it can be layered, cut and fused into tiles, and incorporated into a bubble of glass for intricate patterns through
1933:
280:
is still employed for the creation of studio glass. The artist cuts the glass into shapes and sets the pieces into lead
1640:
1903:
1431:
1112:
439:, and Italy has refined the techniques of glass blowing ever since. Until the very recent explosion of glass shops in
2008:
1136:
680:
398:, Belgium, which represent Belgian artistic glass work concerning the entire world. In 2015, John Moran (winner of
655:
523:
1793:
799:
721:
560:
367:
The early glass movement (studio glass) in Australia was spurred on by a visit to Australia by American artist
228:
1471:
884:
851:
539:
208:
1517:
Contains a detailed Chronological Bibliography of Contemporary Glass compiled with assistance of Beth Hylen
732:
519:
399:
219:
Modern glass studios use a great variety of techniques in creating their pieces. The ancient technique of
200:
1497:. West Palm Beach, Fla. Seattle, WA: Norton Museum of Art Distributed by University of Washington Press.
1290:
detail from a glass bowl blown at The World of Glass Museum (incorporating the Pilkington Glass Museum),
483:
1968:
1476:
1307:
1291:
1234:
844:
659:
635:
589:
573:
507:
181:
30:
949:
surface. Following this process, the sections of glass are placed together and held in place with lead
527:
922:
823:
479:
375:, presented every year from 1994 to 2014, promotes contemporary glass artists living in Australia and
1360:"The House That Will Not Pass for Any Color Than its Own" - (2011)- shown here in 2020, installed at
770:
388:
306:
253:
495:
321:
technical knowledge and ideas among artists and designers that, in industry, would not be possible.
1613:
1092:
725:
535:
531:
498:
show their works at galleries throughout the world and are arguably Japan's glass artists of note.
491:
487:
429:
372:
1187:
three-dimensional effect but is not suitable for toughened glass as the process could shatter it.
918:
499:
152:
From the 19th century, various types of fancy glass started to become significant branches of the
2003:
1998:
647:
464:
333:
116:
1563:
1553:
1536:
1526:
1508:
1498:
1466:
1361:
1287:
1061:
906:
305:, chiseled, sandblasted, and glued or bonded to form art objects ranging from small pieces to
173:
94:
Modern glass studios use a great variety of techniques in creating glass artworks, including:
1739:
1401:
914:
774:
758:
705:
639:
601:
346:
338:
1086:) is a style in which the artist manipulates glass with the use of a torch – rather than a
34:
Handmade studio glass using complex techniques to achieve highly detailed patterns through
1665:
1087:
1046:
976:
794:
778:
762:
605:
425:
350:
153:
88:
169:
1882:
815:
880:
864:
860:
597:
543:
393:
160:
was revived for the first time since the Romans, initially mostly used for pieces in a
77:
1992:
1411:
1406:
1345:
1096:
943:
894:
876:
832:
828:
628:
585:
547:
342:
177:
161:
134:
128:
110:
43:
1963:
1461:
1451:
1426:
1386:
1249:
1018:
1013:
803:
786:
766:
737:
717:
643:
436:
249:
220:
98:
753:
The second, and most prominent, phase in American glass began in 1962, when then-
288:
in a kiln to create texture, patterns, or change the overall shape of the glass.
1441:
1421:
1391:
1381:
1376:
1075:
1023:
910:
902:
898:
890:
872:
769:
movement. The impetus for the movement consisted of their two workshops at the
754:
741:
651:
376:
368:
204:
165:
157:
122:
104:
81:
61:
39:
17:
1567:
1157:
855:
782:
237:
584:
Glass art in the Netherlands is mainly stimulated by the glass designing and
1644:
1540:
1512:
1436:
1396:
960:
609:
456:
452:
448:
325:
302:
147:
73:
69:
65:
57:
1344:"Reclining Dress Impression with Drapery," a life-sized glass sculpture by
1817:
1775:
1761:
387:
Daniël Theys en Chris Miseur from the glass factory Theys & Miseur in
1589:
1311:
186:
620:
1456:
1326:
1027:
593:
511:
444:
440:
329:
35:
1732:"News: Kathryn Wightman wins the 2014 (and final) Ranamok Glass Prize"
883:. Artists working in The Studio have access to the collections of The
538:, were featured at the 2007 Glass Art Society exhibition space at the
1979:
Glasstress – Contemporary artists and glass at the Biennale of Venice
1446:
1330:
1265:
954:
687:, exists to promote and support the work of glass artists in the UK.
503:
576:
that have given a place to that country in international glass art.
1325:
Hand-made crystal fish by Lennart Nissmark of Studio Glashyttan in
1143:
822:
814:
731:
619:
515:
475:
419:
227:
199:
53:
29:
1978:
197:
styles. This movement spread to other parts of the world as well.
1049:, one of the founding fathers of the 1960s studio glass movement
950:
281:
233:
1835:
604:
and the new Workgroup Glass founded by Sybren Valkema at the
744:, London, England. The piece is 13 feet (4 m) high
257:
to transform a traditional item into an artistic statement.
1983:
301:
is any glass worked without the use of heat. Glass may be
840:
have sizable concentrations of artists working in glass.
634:
Notable centres of glass production in the UK have been
284:
which are soldered together. They artist can also use
1614:"artnet.com Magazine Features – Art Market Guide 2003"
1794:"Specialty Glass Residency | Corning Museum of Glass"
168:
movement in particular made great use of glass, with
1264:
Pieces of glass are wrapped in copper tape and then
893:, located in the historic glass industry capital of
518:, has a renowned glass art center, built and run by
991:
Modern stained-glass church window by Sarah Bristow
704:was unveiled as an exhibit on the fourth plinth of
1836:"WheatonArts » Explore, Experience, Discover"
1738:. Bullseye Gallery. 12 August 2014. Archived from
1495:Fire and form : the art of contemporary glass
1938:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1996.
1489:The End William Warmus Glass Magazine Autumn 1995
658:in the North East. Sunderland is now home to the
1879:"WheatonArts - Creative Glass Center of America"
1211:Sculpture of an apple made of sandblasted glass
1935:Studio glass in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1690:
1688:
1686:
1111:A lampworked glass model of a cactus, part of
1590:"Bonhams : 20th Century Decorative Arts"
1223:The interior of this artwork was sandblasted.
8:
1162:Kiln formed glass is usually referred to as
1130:A sample of the Blaschka invertebrate models
679:funded, non-profit making organisation, the
87:Pieces are often unique, or made in a small
1694:"Blow-in Bill leaves locals glassy-eyed."
819:Glass studio in Brooklyn, New York in 2018
612:led to a new generation of glass artists.
1635:
1633:
27:Modern use of glass as an artistic medium
1306:Glass ball made by Tyler Hopkins at the
1581:
1277:
1239:
1189:
1101:
1032:
965:
1708:Skillitzi, Stephen (16 January 2009).
975:13th-century stained-glass windows in
72:, made by craftsmen in factories, and
724:, where factories such as Fenton and
698:In November 2007 the glass sculpture
7:
467:"—called "the factory" in English).
1115:'s Glass Flowers collection at the
1022:into rods and incorporated through
1091:scientific instruments as well as
811:American Glass Schools and Studios
749:The American Studio Glass Movement
663:Crieff, Scotland in January 2002.
25:
1117:Harvard Museum of Natural History
502:has worked with great success in
215:Techniques used in modern studios
56:as an artistic medium to produce
1908:Wheaton Arts and Cultural Center
1854:"WheatonArts - Hank Murta Adams"
1840:Wheaton Arts and Cultural Center
1762:"The Contemporary Glass Society"
1698:(Australia), 31 August 2005: 95.
1550:Venice and American studio glass
1525:. New York: Hudson Hills Press.
1523:American studio glass, 1960-1990
1353:
1337:
1318:
1299:
1280:
1257:
1242:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1135:
1123:
1104:
1054:
1035:
996:
984:
968:
891:Wheaton Arts and Cultural Center
1670:Smithsonian American Art Museum
913:(2001), Gregory Nangle (2006),
785:(Britain), Fritz Dreisbach and
1199:Sandblasted design in a window
925:(1992, 1997, 2004, and 2009).
1:
276:The traditional technique of
207:with items inside the glass,
1969:Resources in other libraries
1043:Mid 20th Century Vortex Vase
646:glass was first produced by
592:. Such notable designers as
574:List of glass artists#Mexico
1710:"Australian Glass Pioneers"
1432:Glossary of Glass Art terms
1417:Glass museums and galleries
1113:Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka
1003:Leadlight artwork from 1977
638:in Merseyside (the home of
510:. The small Pacific island
435:Glass blowing began in the
2025:
1155:
941:
681:Contemporary Glass Society
526:, where they studied with
145:
1964:Resources in your library
1641:"Corning Museum of Glass"
1168:co-efficient of expansion
1074:Similar to glassblowing,
524:Illinois State University
358:Modern regional glass art
316:The studio glass movement
1818:"Rakow Research Library"
1712:. Glass Central Canberra
1493:Warmus, William (2003).
933:Techniques and processes
800:Penland School of Crafts
740:at a 2005 exhibition in
685:British Artists in Glass
561:Satsuma Kiriko cut glass
1472:Vitreography (art form)
1093:glass models of animals
885:Corning Museum of Glass
852:Pittsburgh Glass Center
765:began the contemporary
540:Pittsburgh Glass Center
209:Corning Museum of Glass
1548:Oldknow, Tina (2020).
836:
820:
745:
642:and the site on which
631:
432:
324:With the dominance of
241:
211:
46:
1666:"Harvey K. Littleton"
1521:Lynn, Martha (2004).
1477:List of glass artists
1235:Louis Comfort Tiffany
1156:Further information:
895:Millville, New Jersey
845:Pilchuck Glass School
826:
818:
735:
683:, founded in 1976 as
660:National Glass Centre
623:
596:, Andries Copier and
590:Royal Leerdam Crystal
520:Osamu and Yumiko Noda
423:
312:(more details below)
236:being created at the
231:
203:
182:Louis Comfort Tiffany
60:or three-dimensional
52:is the modern use of
42:, by American artist
33:
1229:Copperfoil technique
771:Toledo Museum of Art
654:in the Midlands and
490:in separate places.
307:monumental sculpture
827:Glass sculpture by
736:Glass sculpture by
492:Yoshihiko Takahashi
430:Murano Glass Museum
373:Ranamok Glass Prize
238:Reijmyre glassworks
1742:on 22 October 2014
1308:Verrerie of Brehat
1097:botanical subjects
837:
821:
746:
648:George Ravenscroft
632:
514:, administered by
433:
334:Frank Lloyd Wright
246:flame-worked glass
242:
212:
47:
2009:Visual arts media
1984:Glass art society
1950:Library resources
1559:978-88-572-4387-0
1552:. Milano: Skira.
1532:978-1-55595-239-6
1504:978-0-943411-39-2
1467:Val Saint Lambert
1362:Battery Park City
1152:Kiln-formed glass
917:(2006 and 2010),
907:Lino Tagliapietra
905:(1997 and 2008),
722:Corning, New York
701:Model for a Hotel
528:Joel Philip Myers
16:(Redirected from
2016:
1939:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1881:. Archived from
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1856:. Archived from
1850:
1844:
1843:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1736:Bullseye Gallery
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1705:
1699:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1643:. Archived from
1637:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1586:
1571:
1544:
1516:
1402:Glass beadmaking
1357:
1341:
1322:
1303:
1284:
1261:
1252:copper-foil lamp
1246:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1146:, unknown artist
1139:
1127:
1108:
1058:
1039:
1000:
988:
972:
923:Stephen Paul Day
915:Deborah Czeresko
775:Harvey Littleton
759:Harvey Littleton
706:Trafalgar Square
640:Pilkington Glass
602:Harvey Littleton
480:Saburo Funakoshi
424:Nuptial bowl by
397:
347:Harvey Littleton
339:Harvey Littleton
244:Another type is
21:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2013:
1989:
1988:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1932:
1929:
1927:Further reading
1924:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1594:www.bonhams.com
1588:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1560:
1547:
1533:
1520:
1505:
1492:
1486:
1481:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1342:
1333:
1323:
1314:
1304:
1295:
1285:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1200:
1197:
1184:
1176:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1142:Lampwork glass
1140:
1131:
1128:
1119:
1109:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1050:
1047:Robert C. Fritz
1040:
1011:
1004:
1001:
992:
989:
980:
977:Sainte Chapelle
973:
957:at the joints.
946:
940:
935:
875:, Mark Peiser,
831:from a show in
813:
795:Robert C. Fritz
779:Marvin Lipofsky
763:Dominick Labino
751:
714:
625:Wind Song Glass
618:
606:Gerrit Rietveld
582:
580:The Netherlands
569:
522:, graduates of
473:
426:Angelo Barovier
418:
409:
391:
389:Kortrijk-Dutsel
385:
365:
360:
351:Dominick Labino
318:
217:
154:decorative arts
150:
144:
89:limited edition
28:
23:
22:
18:Glass sculpture
15:
12:
11:
5:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:External links
1942:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1904:"Past Fellows"
1895:
1870:
1845:
1827:
1809:
1785:
1767:
1753:
1723:
1700:
1682:
1657:
1629:
1618:www.artnet.com
1605:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1545:
1531:
1518:
1503:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1305:
1298:
1296:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1110:
1103:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1041:
1034:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
995:
993:
990:
983:
981:
974:
967:
942:Main article:
939:
936:
934:
931:
881:Anna Mlasowsky
865:bronze casting
863:on glass, and
861:electroforming
812:
809:
750:
747:
713:
710:
617:
616:United Kingdom
614:
598:Sybren Valkema
581:
578:
568:
565:
564:
563:
557:
556:
544:Toshichi Iwata
496:Hiroshi Yamano
472:
469:
417:
414:
408:
405:
384:
381:
364:
361:
359:
356:
317:
314:
286:hot techniques
216:
213:
146:Main article:
143:
140:
139:
138:
132:
126:
120:
114:
108:
102:
78:studio pottery
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2021:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1910:. WheatonArts
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1885:on 2013-01-14
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1860:on 2013-05-12
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1647:on 2008-01-12
1646:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Knitted Glass
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Glass disease
1410:
1408:
1407:Glass casting
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1346:Karen LaMonte
1340:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1228:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:(also called
1077:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1008:
999:
994:
987:
982:
978:
971:
966:
964:
962:
958:
956:
953:that is then
952:
945:
944:Stained glass
938:Stained glass
937:
932:
930:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
886:
882:
878:
877:Karen LaMonte
874:
868:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
846:
841:
834:
833:San Francisco
830:
829:David Patchen
825:
817:
810:
808:
805:
801:
796:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
748:
743:
739:
734:
730:
727:
723:
719:
712:United States
711:
709:
707:
703:
702:
696:
692:
688:
686:
682:
678:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
630:
629:Peter Newsome
626:
622:
615:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:glass blowing
579:
577:
575:
566:
562:
559:
558:
554:
553:
552:
549:
548:Kyohei Fujita
545:
541:
537:
536:Tomoe Shizumu
533:
532:Yukako Kojima
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:with Italian
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:Shinzo Kotani
485:
481:
477:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
431:
427:
422:
415:
413:
406:
404:
401:
395:
390:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
362:
357:
355:
352:
348:
344:
343:Peter Voulkos
340:
335:
331:
327:
322:
315:
313:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
278:stained glass
274:
271:
267:
266:Slumped glass
262:
258:
255:
254:Paul Stankard
251:
247:
239:
235:
230:
226:
224:
223:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
188:
183:
179:
178:Daum of Nancy
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:neo-classical
159:
155:
149:
141:
136:
135:Stained glass
133:
130:
129:Pâte de verre
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:Glass casting
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
45:
44:David Patchen
41:
37:
32:
19:
1955:Studio glass
1954:
1934:
1912:. Retrieved
1907:
1898:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:the original
1873:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:the original
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1801:. Retrieved
1798:www.cmog.org
1797:
1788:
1779:
1776:"The Studio"
1770:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1740:the original
1735:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1703:
1696:Weekly Times
1695:
1675:26 September
1673:. Retrieved
1660:
1649:. Retrieved
1645:the original
1621:. Retrieved
1617:
1608:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1549:
1522:
1494:
1462:Paperweights
1452:Murano glass
1427:Glassblowing
1387:Flameworking
1232:
1185:
1182:Sandblasting
1177:
1163:
1161:
1084:torchworking
1083:
1080:flameworking
1079:
1073:
1042:
1019:Glassblowing
1014:Glassblowing
1012:
959:
947:
927:
921:(2003), and
919:Angus Powers
889:
869:
850:
842:
838:
804:Dale Chihuly
791:
787:Dale Chihuly
767:glassblowing
761:and chemist
752:
738:Dale Chihuly
718:Toledo, Ohio
715:
699:
697:
693:
689:
684:
677:Arts Council
673:
669:
665:
644:lead crystal
633:
624:
594:H.P. Berlage
583:
570:
500:Yoichi Ohira
474:
460:
437:Roman Empire
434:
410:
386:
366:
323:
319:
311:
298:
297:
292:Etched glass
291:
290:
285:
277:
275:
269:
265:
260:
259:
250:paperweights
245:
243:
221:
218:
195:
191:
170:René Lalique
151:
123:Glass fusing
105:Flameworking
99:Glassblowing
93:
86:
50:Studio glass
49:
48:
1716:27 February
1442:Lampworking
1422:Glass tiles
1392:Fused glass
1382:Caneworking
1377:Cameo glass
1076:Lampworking
1070:Lampworking
1024:caneworking
1009:Blown glass
911:Beth Lipman
903:Kait Rhoads
899:Steve Tobin
873:Beth Lipman
742:Kew Gardens
652:Stourbridge
608:Academy in
463:(actually "
392: [
377:New Zealand
369:Bill Boysen
270:fused glass
264:this way.
222:blown glass
205:Paperweight
174:Émile Gallé
166:Art Nouveau
164:style. The
158:Cameo glass
117:Coldworking
82:art pottery
40:caneworking
1993:Categories
1889:2013-01-05
1864:2013-01-05
1803:2020-02-24
1746:22 October
1651:2007-10-14
1623:2017-09-23
1599:2017-09-23
1576:References
1568:1200593335
1292:St. Helens
1174:Cold glass
1164:warm glass
1158:Warm glass
961:Leadlights
856:Pittsburgh
783:Sam Herman
757:professor
708:, London.
656:Sunderland
636:St. Helens
484:Makoto Ito
400:Blown Away
337:industry.
299:Cold glass
261:Cast glass
58:sculptures
2004:Sculpture
1999:Glass art
1914:21 August
1397:Glass art
610:Amsterdam
457:latticino
453:zanfirico
449:reticello
363:Australia
326:Modernism
187:fine arts
148:Glass art
74:glass art
70:art glass
66:fine arts
1822:cmog.org
1780:cmog.org
1541:53939804
1513:52149531
1370:See also
1312:Brittany
1266:soldered
1088:blowpipe
955:soldered
909:(1989),
755:ceramics
588:factory
555:See also
476:Japanese
240:, Sweden
193:inside.
62:artworks
1484:Sources
1457:Murrine
1274:Gallery
1250:Tiffany
1028:murrine
979:, Paris
901:(1983)
726:Steuben
512:Niijima
508:gaffers
465:furnace
461:fornace
445:incalmo
441:Seattle
383:Belgium
330:Bauhaus
142:History
64:in the
36:murrine
1952:about
1566:
1556:
1539:
1529:
1511:
1501:
1447:Mosaic
1331:Sweden
879:, and
720:, and
567:Mexico
504:Murano
486:, and
176:, and
1364:, NYC
1288:Macro
1144:beads
1062:Macro
1045:, by
516:Tokyo
471:Japan
416:Italy
407:China
396:]
282:cames
54:glass
1916:2014
1748:2014
1718:2013
1677:2010
1564:OCLC
1554:ISBN
1537:OCLC
1527:ISBN
1509:OCLC
1499:ISBN
1327:Ă…hus
1294:, UK
1095:and
951:came
843:The
546:and
534:and
494:and
482:and
349:and
268:and
234:vase
80:and
1310:in
1082:or
854:in
650:),
303:cut
252:by
38:or
1995::
1906:.
1838:.
1820:.
1796:.
1778:.
1734:.
1685:^
1668:.
1632:^
1616:.
1592:.
1562:.
1535:.
1507:.
1348:.
1329:,
1099:.
789:.
781:,
627:,
542:.
455:,
451:,
447:,
428:,
394:nl
379:.
345:.
332:.
309:.
232:A
189:.
172:,
156:.
1918:.
1892:.
1867:.
1842:.
1824:.
1806:.
1782:.
1764:.
1750:.
1720:.
1679:.
1654:.
1626:.
1602:.
1570:.
1543:.
1515:.
1268:.
137:.
131:,
125:,
119:,
113:,
107:,
101:,
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
