1692:
1710:
181:
1674:
479:
983:
170:
190:
1541:
210:
201:
1660:
1326:
271:
286:
621:
766:
1099:
1264:
1276:
1252:
161:
33:
302:
1406:
1004:. Henry the Elder ruled Kladsko upon King George's death in 1471; he attached the Lordship of Homole to his comital lands by 1477 and had Kladsko Castle rebuilt as his permanent residence. His overindebted sons and heirs
1230:
region since its conquest by the
Kingdom of Prussia in 1742. Referred to as "Little Prague", the Kłodzko Valley region on the Nysa Kłodzka river was the focus of several attempts to reincorporate the area into
1114:
invaded
Habsburg Silesia and also occupied the County of Kladsko; while they were largely welcomed by the Protestant population of Silesia, Kladsko remained a suspiciously eyed Catholic area. By the 1742
396:
1709:
963:
lordship and the
Silesian Duchy of Münsterberg, it became his powerbase to assume the Bohemian Crown. Once elected king by the Bohemian estates, in 1458, he raised Kladsko to a
1350:
1691:
209:
466:, thanks to which its rich historical architecture from various periods, from the Middle Ages to modern times, has been preserved. It is also known for its several
1800:
180:
169:
1673:
189:
1357:
1143:
1582:
986:
1591:
1236:
1151:
1659:
160:
1665:
1630:
1226:
From a traditional Czech perspective, Kłodzko Land was culturally and traditionally a part of
Bohemia, although the region has been a part of the
1960:
1013:
2042:
1987:
1005:
1430:
847:
997:
1845:
285:
990:
270:
1379:
1311:
1758:
1452:
The region is currently inhabited by around 160,000 people. There are 11 towns in the region. The largest is the historical capital,
1173:
1048:
1770:
1083:
1060:
976:
116:
1609:
1001:
200:
1638:
1079:
692:
50:
97:
1382:
and transports of prisoners from other locations passed through the region to Kłodzko, and many were then sent further west to
1342:
1315:
1032:
934:
759:
478:
1586:
1063:. The Habsburg rulers raised the pledge sum with the support of the local estates, and the Counter-Reformation efforts ended.
69:
1346:
859:
696:
54:
972:
755:
455:
1921:
926:
906:
716:
712:
76:
1244:
708:
366:
982:
1441:
1437:
1295:
1182:
863:
751:
467:
1871:
1964:
1135:
1009:
747:
609:
512:
319:
83:
1177:
922:
1369:
1056:
1044:
688:
146:
1540:
1188:
1075:
735:
700:
910:
866:. Under Charles' rule, Kladsko flourished; the development, however, ended abruptly with the beginning of the
743:
727:
516:
65:
1896:
1263:
1325:
1116:
918:
802:
704:
668:
43:
1405:
led to a ceasing of military operations, with the remaining German population and the Czech minority being
1275:
1251:
1192:
1575:
1361:
1120:
956:
843:
836:
636:
1139:
1426:
1303:
1040:
1024:. Nevertheless, their descendants retained the comital title until the extinction of the line in 1647.
806:
550:
Despite its enclosed geographical situation, Kłodzko Land since ancient times has been traversed by the
531:
in the northwest. With its natural boundaries, the valley forms a significant jut into the neighbouring
520:
345:
1514:
1378:. Both civilians and Allied POWs were imprisoned there. In January and February 1945, German-organized
839:(in 1336); each time, the lands fell back to the Bohemian monarch as a reverted fief upon their death.
223:
1243:
Proposals by the
Czechoslovak Delegation on incorporating Kłodzko Land into Czechoslovakia during the
754:
and campaigned the
Bohemian lands several times, he finally had to renounce Kłodzko in favour of Duke
1716:
1597:
1465:
1413:
and
Czechoslovakia. With most of the former Silesia province, Kłodzko Land passed to Poland in 1945.
1299:
1156:
1067:
1017:
894:
874:
828:
786:
676:
591:
528:
355:
255:
989:, located in a 17th-century paper mill, is one of the historic landmarks of the region, listed as a
1365:
1330:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1111:
1052:
855:
794:
447:
1980:
The United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV
1794:
1642:
886:
782:
672:
443:
439:
1729:
914:
715:
campaigned the adjacent northern territory of
Silesia in 1039. An armistice mediated by Emperor
664:
486:
Kłodzko Land, with an approximate area of 1,640 km (630 sq mi), consists of the
90:
1983:
1766:
1559:
1548:
1504:
1485:
1470:
1036:
1028:
1021:
996:
The comital title became hereditary in 1462 and could also be bequeathed by Victor's brothers
964:
959:
re-acquired
Kladsko Land from the heirs of the late Hynek Krušina; together with the adjacent
946:
890:
832:
731:
601:
487:
459:
435:
408:
234:
1082:, who had their lands occupied and numerous punitive measures enacted. His son and successor
842:
About 1300, Kladsko was governed by the Bohemian noble Arnošt (Ernest) of Hostýně, whose son
695:, their rule was disrupted by internal dynastical struggles: during the rivalry between Duke
2047:
1755:
Kladsko Region. The Transformations of the Central European Region : A Historical Atlas
1697:
1319:
1211:
1087:
824:
746:
of Poland. However, as Bolesław became entangled in a fierce inheritance conflict with Duke
648:
431:
419:
765:
620:
566:, running over easily accessible mountain passes in the south and west, and along the Nysa
1563:
1555:
1544:
1307:
1154:. By 1818 the county was finally abolished, and the territory was reformed into the three
1035:. Johann von Hardegg finally sold Kladsko to Ferdinand in 1534/37; from that time on, the
851:
820:
810:
774:
675:, ruled in the eastern territories of Bohemia until they were overthrown by the rivalling
501:
497:
400:
379:
1683:
1567:
1480:
1039:
rulers pledged the county several times: first to the Bohemian noble and former governor
524:
246:
1982:. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 669–670.
1490:
1232:
1131:
930:
723:
536:
532:
387:
1872:"Konflikt graniczny polsko-czechosłowacki w latach 1945-1947 - Inne Oblicza Historii"
639:
by the late 9th century, though the extent of his realm is disputed. According to the
2036:
1354:
1287:
1227:
1210:
of 1866 the area again became a deployment zone of Prussian troops on the eve of the
1124:
1107:
1071:
770:
632:
596:
571:
508:
492:
427:
1098:
1951:
Konieczny, Alfred (1974). "Więzienie karne w Kłodzku w latach II wojny światowej".
1679:
1571:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1338:
1215:
867:
544:
463:
451:
1929:
1634:
1291:
862:, who in 1348 separated Kladsko Land from Bohemia and raised it to an immediate
815:
798:
555:
314:
32:
707:
invaded Bohemia, but had to pull back the next year, facing the forces of King
1787:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VII
1614:
1601:
1475:
1453:
1147:
878:
660:
656:
624:
575:
551:
329:
239:
877:
of the Piast dynasty and the towns and estates of Kłodzko Land was forged in
1499:
1422:
1374:
952:
905:. A major battle with the royal Bohemian forces led by the Kladsko governor
902:
567:
336:
1509:
960:
898:
719:
in 1054 demarcated the spheres of influence, leaving Kłodzko with Bohemia.
426:
domain since the 12th century, although with periods of rule of the Polish
917:
on 27 December 1428. Duke John was killed in action and Půta received his
758:
in a peace treaty signed at Pentecost in 1137 under pressure from Emperor
17:
1762:
1626:
1519:
1397:
minority present in the western part of the Kłodzko Valley known as the "
882:
790:
773:-ruled Poland with Kłodzko Land as part of the Duchy of Wrocław ruled by
885:. From about 1425 onwards, Hussite forces campaigned the lands and used
1410:
1383:
563:
559:
504:
423:
227:
1298:
raised claims to Kłodzko Land, that were however rejected in the 1919
1701:
1394:
644:
412:
362:
341:
307:
2012:
1393:, when Czechoslovak forces tried to annex the area on behalf of the
1389:
The last Czech attempt to capture the region occurred at the end of
1142:, but successfully defended by the Prussian garrison under General
1846:"Walczył z zaborcą jako kapłan, społecznik i działacz gospodarczy"
1645:
1554:
Several annual festivals are held in the region, most notably the
1539:
1324:
1214:. From 1871 it was part of Germany, until the country's defeat in
1097:
981:
764:
619:
477:
1978:
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).
1814:
Wolniewicz, Paweł (2019). "Włodzimierz Adolf Dołęga Wolniewicz".
1751:
Kladsko. Proměny středoevropského regionu : historický atlas
1031:
in 1526, the rights of the Hardegg family were confirmed by King
1016:, however, had to sell the estates to their brother-in-law, the
968:
739:
659:, residing at the castle of Kłodzko on the road from Prague to
1833:(in Polish). Pruszków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Rewasz. p. 348.
586:), formerly the administrative seat of the Bohemian governor (
574:. The land is named after its historic administrative capital
26:
1459:
801:
clan. From the 13th century onwards, under the rule of King
742:, which upon his death in 1102 was claimed by his son Duke
1581:
There are also unique museums in the region, such as the
627:, the historic capital and the largest town of the region
819:
migration. The Kladsko estates were temporarily held by
889:
Castle as a base for their attacks. They laid siege to
129:
Historical region in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
1172:
within the Silesian province. During the 19th-century
937:
in September 1440, and married him three weeks later.
921:
as well as Kladsko and the adjacent Silesian lands of
1329:
Memorial to 1,500 Polish forced laborers held in the
1562:, dedicated to Polish virtuoso pianist and composer
1322:, however, these security measures became obsolete.
975:, for which he obtained the confirmation by Emperor
1637:is an important regional Catholic pilgrimage site.
655:belonged to the dominions of the Bohemian nobleman
352:
335:
325:
313:
295:
134:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
785:by 1198; it was administrated within the lands of
781:Under Přemyslid rule, Kladsko became part of the
631:Historically, the area may have been part of the
1625:The population of Kłodzko Land is predominantly
1585:, located in a 17th-century paper mill, and the
1314:erected around the Kłodzko Land just after the
933:sold Kladsko Land to the former Hussite leader
600:). The area roughly corresponds to the current
1566:, and the International Moniuszko Festival in
1055:. After Ernest's death in 1560, his heir Duke
967:in its own right and conveyed the title of an
1027:When the Bohemian Crown fell to the Austrian
8:
854:in 1344. He also was a close advisor to the
535:area in the southeast. It is crossed by the
1829:Brygier, Waldemar; Dudziak, Tomasz (2010).
1617:is dedicated to the history of the region.
1310:, the Czechoslovak government had extended
1150:was finally abolished in the course of the
1090:to continue the recatholization policies.
1078:, the estates refused to submit to Emperor
418:The subject of Czech–Polish rivalry in the
1818:(in Polish). No. 1 (338). p. 27.
1799:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1757:] (in Czech). Hradec Králové; Prague:
1134:, in 1807, Kłodzko Castle was besieged by
1127:ceded Kladsko to the Kingdom of Prussia.
1070:broke out, Kladsko became a centre of the
663:in Silesia until his death in 981 AD. The
131:
1789:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1886. p. 813.
1749:Semotanová, Eva; Felcman, Ondřej (2005).
827:, who received it from the hands of King
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1144:Friedrich Wilhelm von Götzen the Younger
929:. After Půta's death, his widow Anne of
2013:"Międzynarodowy Festiwal Moniuszkowski"
1741:
1666:Basilica of the Visitation, Wambierzyce
1655:
1583:Museum of Papermaking in Duszniki-Zdrój
1241:
1074:revolt in Bohemia. Even after the lost
987:Museum of Papermaking in Duszniki-Zdrój
334:
324:
294:
282:
264:
152:
1792:
925:as a pledge from the hands of Emperor
462:. The region was not destroyed during
1953:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
446:of 1740–42 and incorporated into the
351:
312:
7:
1431:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague
1368:housed a prison administered by the
1237:Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
1051:, who implemented stern measures of
738:, he received Kłodzko as a Bohemian
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1302:. While the area remained with the
1102:City and fortress of Kladsko (1737)
667:, among them Prince Slavník's heir
590:) and gathering place of the local
873:In 1424, an alliance between Duke
809:, the area was largely settled by
290:Location of Kłodzko Land in Poland
25:
1174:Polish national liberation fights
955:Bohemian regent, and later king,
797:(c.1120–1194), progenitor of the
691:obtained the status of immediate
683:Medieval Bohemian and Polish rule
543:) river, a left tributary of the
1961:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
1708:
1690:
1672:
1658:
1429:, the area remained part of the
1274:
1262:
1250:
693:Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
490:, a basin surrounded by several
300:
284:
269:
208:
199:
188:
179:
168:
159:
31:
1901:Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica
1436:The region suffered during the
1341:, the Germans operated several
813:colonists in the course of the
769:Silesian duchies of fragmented
254:Market Square and Town Hall in
42:needs additional citations for
1648:, is located in Kłodzko Land.
1401:". Pressure brought on by the
1347:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
1119:, again confirmed by the 1763
1002:Henry the Younger of Poděbrady
998:Henry of the Elder Münsterberg
919:Duchy of Münsterberg (Ziębice)
881:near Kłodzko Land against the
1:
1897:"Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen"
1844:Marek Weiss (26 March 2015).
1639:Gompa Drophan Ling in Darnków
1556:International Chopin Festival
1059:sold Kladsko back to Emperor
438:in 1459 and was conquered by
2043:Historical regions in Poland
1607:The Museum of Kłodzko Land (
1442:2024 Central European floods
1245:Paris Peace Conference, 1919
1222:Interbellum and World War II
1178:Włodzimierz Adolf Wolniewicz
935:Hynek Krušina of Lichtenburg
893:and devastated the towns of
870:in the early 15th century.
711:. In turn the Bohemian duke
1296:First Czechoslovak Republic
991:Historic Monument of Poland
722:When about 1080 the Polish
2064:
1831:Ziemia Kłodzka. Przewodnik
1631:Basilica of the Visitation
1570:, dedicated to "father of
1333:by the Germans during WWII
944:
864:Land of the Bohemian Crown
610:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
245:Pump room and spa park in
1759:Univerzita Hradec Králové
1370:Reich Ministry of Justice
1269:The intermediate variant
789:and governed by Bohemian
703:in 1003, the Polish duke
283:
265:
222:From top, left to right:
153:
144:
1364:POWs in the region. The
1294:, the newly established
1286:After the defeat of the
1152:Stein-Hardenberg Reforms
1076:Battle of White Mountain
736:Vratislaus II of Bohemia
558:connecting Bohemia with
138:
1318:in 1933. With the 1938
1281:The minimalist variant
1202:were imprisoned in the
1123:, the Habsburg empress
907:Půta III of Častolovice
434:. It was raised to the
233:Wojciech Sanatorium in
2002:Konieczny, pp. 377–378
1965:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
1610:Muzeum Ziemi Kłodzkiej
1551:
1334:
1257:The maximalist variant
1103:
993:
909:and the Silesian duke
778:
671:and his brother Saint
628:
483:
458:according to the 1945
404:
391:
383:
1715:Phillumenist Museum,
1572:Polish national opera
1543:
1427:Roman Catholic Church
1328:
1316:Nazi seizure of power
1312:border fortifications
1304:Free State of Prussia
1193:Augustyn Szamarzewski
1121:Peace of Hubertusburg
1106:In December 1740 the
1101:
1041:John III of Pernstein
985:
911:John I of Münsterberg
768:
756:Soběslav I of Bohemia
744:Bolesław III Wrymouth
623:
527:in the west, and the
521:Bystrzyckie Mountains
481:
354: • Summer (
1358:prisoner-of-war camp
1300:Treaty of Versailles
1146:. In the same year,
848:Archbishop of Prague
829:Rudolph I of Germany
748:Svatopluk of Bohemia
705:Bolesław I the Brave
687:While the Přemyslid
554:and other important
51:improve this article
1761:; Historický ústav
1587:Phillumenist Museum
1576:Stanisław Moniuszko
1208:Austro-Prussian War
1189:Wojciech Kętrzyński
1187:, Polish historian
1176:, Polish publicist
1112:Frederick the Great
1057:Albert V of Bavaria
1053:Counter-Reformation
957:George of Poděbrady
844:Arnošt of Pardubice
837:Bolko II of Ziębice
734:, daughter of Duke
709:Henry II of Germany
653:provincia glacensis
448:Province of Silesia
1932:on 29 October 2020
1552:
1335:
1191:and Polish priest
1104:
994:
971:to his second son
850:by appointment of
783:Kingdom of Bohemia
779:
732:Judith Přemyslovna
728:Władysław I Herman
673:Adalbert of Prague
629:
519:in the south, the
517:Śnieżnik Mountains
484:
456:Republic of Poland
444:First Silesian War
326:Historical capital
1989:978-0-253-06089-1
1922:"Working Parties"
1850:Głos Wielkopolski
1717:Bystrzyca Kłodzka
1598:Bystrzyca Kłodzka
1532:
1531:
1466:Bystrzyca Kłodzka
1355:Stalag VIII-B/344
1235:, one of several
1086:commissioned the
1068:Thirty Years' War
1049:Ernest of Bavaria
1029:Habsburg monarchy
1022:Ulrich of Hardegg
947:County of Kladsko
941:County of Kladsko
875:John I of Ziębice
846:became the first
833:Henry VI the Good
641:Chronica Boëmorum
529:Stołowe Mountains
525:Orlické Mountains
515:in the east, the
460:Potsdam Agreement
454:it passed to the
436:County of Kladsko
409:historical region
373:
372:
256:Bystrzyca Kłodzka
230:in the background
147:Historical region
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
2055:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1928:. Archived from
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:Wieści Lubońskie
1811:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1746:
1712:
1698:Kletno Bear Cave
1694:
1676:
1662:
1641:, Poland's only
1600:, Poland's only
1595:
1460:
1366:Kłodzko Fortress
1353:subcamps of the
1331:Kłodzko Fortress
1320:Munich Agreement
1278:
1266:
1254:
1212:Battle of Nachod
1204:Kłodzko Fortress
1201:
1186:
1140:Jérôme Bonaparte
1117:Treaty of Berlin
979:the next year.
795:Witiko of Prčice
699:and his brother
689:Dukes of Bohemia
513:Golden Mountains
432:Late Middle Ages
420:High Middle Ages
411:in southwestern
399:
359:
306:
304:
303:
288:
273:
212:
203:
192:
183:
172:
163:
132:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1730:Náchod District
1726:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1663:
1654:
1623:
1589:
1564:Fryderyk Chopin
1547:Spa Theatre in
1545:Frederic Chopin
1538:
1533:
1515:Stronie Śląskie
1450:
1419:
1308:Weimar Republic
1282:
1279:
1270:
1267:
1258:
1255:
1224:
1195:
1180:
1096:
1043:, later to the
949:
943:
915:Stary Wielisław
852:Pope Clement VI
825:Henry IV Probus
775:Henry IV Probus
750:and his cousin
685:
679:family in 995.
665:Slavník dynasty
618:
476:
450:by 1818. After
395:
353:
301:
299:
291:
279:
278:
277:
276:
261:
260:
224:Stronie Śląskie
217:
216:
215:
214:
213:
205:
204:
195:
194:
193:
185:
184:
175:
174:
173:
165:
164:
149:
140:
137:
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
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1959:(3). Wrocław:
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1549:Duszniki-Zdrój
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1505:Polanica-Zdrój
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1471:Duszniki-Zdrój
1468:
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1247:
1233:Czechoslovakia
1223:
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1138:troops led by
1132:Napoleonic War
1095:
1092:
1047:administrator
969:Imperial count
945:Main article:
942:
939:
913:was fought at
891:Karpień Castle
835:(in 1327) and
823:dukes such as
821:Silesian Piast
787:Hradec Králové
684:
681:
643:(1125) by the
617:
614:
606:Powiat kłodzki
602:Kłodzko County
588:Zemský hejtman
537:Eastern Neisse
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488:Kłodzko Valley
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422:, it became a
384:Ziemia kłodzka
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1228:Lower Silesia
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1206:. During the
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1108:Prussian Army
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1094:Prussian rule
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1081:
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509:Owl Mountains
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480:
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68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2030:
2017:. Retrieved
2007:
1998:
1979:
1973:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1926:Lamsdorf.com
1925:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:
1891:
1880:. Retrieved
1875:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1849:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1815:
1809:
1786:
1781:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1684:Kudowa-Zdrój
1680:Skull Chapel
1624:
1608:
1606:
1602:phillumenist
1580:
1568:Kudowa-Zdrój
1553:
1526:
1481:Kudowa-Zdrój
1451:
1435:
1433:until 1972.
1420:
1403:Soviet Union
1399:Czech Corner
1391:World War II
1388:
1373:
1339:World War II
1336:
1285:
1225:
1216:World War II
1169:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1129:
1105:
1080:Ferdinand II
1065:
1026:
995:
951:In 1454 the
950:
872:
868:Hussite Wars
841:
831:in 1280, or
814:
805:and his son
803:Wenceslaus I
780:
721:
713:Bretislaus I
686:
652:
640:
630:
605:
595:
587:
583:
579:
556:trade routes
549:
541:Nysa Kłodzka
540:
491:
485:
464:World War II
452:World War II
417:
405:Glatzer Land
376:Kłodzko Land
375:
374:
275:Coat of arms
247:Kudowa-Zdrój
136:Kłodzko Land
113:
107:October 2014
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2015:(in Polish)
1878:(in Polish)
1856:14 December
1852:(in Polish)
1635:Wambierzyce
1590: [
1491:Międzylesie
1486:Lądek-Zdrój
1292:World War I
1196: [
1181: [
1130:During the
1110:under King
1033:Ferdinand I
816:Ostsiedlung
777:(in purple)
760:Lothair III
637:Svatopluk I
635:under King
315:Voivodeship
235:Lądek-Zdrój
2037:Categories
2019:6 November
1967:: 370–371.
1936:6 November
1906:6 November
1882:2017-11-30
1736:References
1157:Landkreise
1148:manoralism
1072:Protestant
860:Charles IV
856:Luxembourg
807:Ottokar II
752:Borivoj II
597:Landstände
552:Amber Road
77:newspapers
18:Glatz Land
1795:cite book
1500:Nowa Ruda
1423:canon law
1375:Wehrmacht
1218:in 1945.
1066:When the
953:Utraquist
927:Sigismund
923:Ząbkowice
903:Nowa Ruda
895:Bystrzyca
791:burgraves
717:Henry III
677:Přemyslid
568:water gap
474:Geography
468:spa towns
397:‹See Tfd›
337:Time zone
226:with the
1724:See also
1643:Buddhist
1627:Catholic
1621:Religion
1604:museum.
1520:Szczytna
1407:expelled
1343:subcamps
1306:and the
1045:Salzburg
1037:Habsburg
1018:Austrian
883:Hussites
858:emperor
799:Vítkovci
730:married
669:Soběslav
424:Bohemian
242:Old Town
2048:Bohemia
1652:Gallery
1615:Kłodzko
1536:Culture
1476:Kłodzko
1454:Kłodzko
1425:of the
1411:Germany
1384:Bautzen
1345:of the
1337:During
1170:Neurode
1088:Jesuits
1014:Charles
931:Colditz
879:Paczków
701:Jaromir
661:Wrocław
657:Slavník
625:Kłodzko
616:History
592:estates
580:Kladsko
576:Kłodzko
564:Moravia
560:Silesia
505:Sudetes
502:Eastern
498:Central
442:in the
440:Prussia
430:in the
407:) is a
392:Kladsko
330:Kłodzko
296:Country
240:Kłodzko
228:Sudetes
91:scholar
1986:
1876:ioh.pl
1769:
1702:Kletno
1629:. The
1527:
1510:Radków
1362:Allied
1020:noble
1010:George
1006:Albert
973:Victor
965:county
961:Náchod
899:Radków
887:Homole
811:German
651:, the
649:Cosmas
645:Prague
507:: the
413:Poland
401:German
380:Polish
308:Poland
305:
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1763:AV ČR
1753:[
1646:gompa
1613:) in
1594:]
1448:Towns
1395:Czech
1200:]
1185:]
1162:Glatz
793:like
771:Piast
726:duke
724:Piast
647:dean
608:) of
584:Glatz
572:Bardo
533:Czech
388:Czech
363:UTC+2
342:UTC+1
98:JSTOR
84:books
2021:2022
1984:ISBN
1957:XXIX
1938:2022
1908:2022
1858:2023
1801:link
1767:ISBN
1440:and
1438:1997
1372:and
1360:for
1349:and
1168:and
1012:and
1000:and
901:and
740:fief
562:and
545:Oder
523:and
511:and
500:and
367:CEST
70:news
1633:in
1596:in
1558:in
1409:to
1290:in
1160:of
570:at
356:DST
346:CET
53:by
2039::
1924:.
1899:.
1874:.
1848:.
1797:}}
1793:{{
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1682:,
1592:pl
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390::
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382::
2023:.
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