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years of growth. Trees tend to have one or two larger leaders and evenly spaced branches with somewhat narrower crotch angles. Trees can be trimmed to develop one strong central leader with little pruning, because of this lower branches can be removed without distoring the even shape of the crown. This habits make it appropriate as a street tree where lower branches must be removed. The leaflets have a redish to bronze tone when emerging and a dark green and leathery appearance for most of the season. It was introduced by the Cole
Nursery in Painesville, Ohio in 1957.
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1914:, parts of the US east coast, and the southernmost parts of Canada. In Canada it is a rare forest species found in southern Ontario near Lake Huron, Ontario, or Erie. However, Plants of the World Online (POWO) lists it as introduced to Ontario while NatureServe and World Plants list it as native. It is listed as native to Nova Scotia by World Plants, but as introduced by POWO and not recorded by NatureServe. It is also recorded by NatureServe as growing as an introduced plant on Prince Edward Island.
274:
2185:, with branches that cascade downward. Because it does not produce a leader it must be grafted onto a standard, an upright section of trunk, or be staked. It is reported to be both thornless and fruitless. The leaves are dark green in the summer and bright yellow in the autumn. It was introduced to the horticultural trade by the Duncan & Davies nursery in New Zealand in 1992. It is hardy to USDA zone 3. It is alternatively spelled 'Emerald Cascade' by some sources.
122:
1933:, only NatureServe lists it as introduced to Delaware and the District of Columbia, while World Plants lists it as native to both. Plants of the World Online does not list it as growing wild in Washington, D.C. It is listed as growing natively through all the rest of the south, though Elbert Luther Little's range map does not show it growing east of the Appalachian Mountains. Also, in Florida it is only shown as growing in a few isolated areas of the
2226:
930:
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a vase like shape. Compared with 'Skyline' it has a finer branch structure and wider angles where branches attach to the trunk. Sources disagree on the maximum height obtained by this cultivar, Perdue lists it as 14 m (45 ft) while the
University of Florida lists it as 15 to 21 m (50 to 70 ft). Trees will produces a few pods when mature and are thornless with dark green foliage in summer.
77:
882:
2169:'Elegantissima', 'Globe Honey Locust' and 'Bushy Honey Locust', this cultivar had become very rare by 1996. It is a bushy tree with smaller leaflets with slow growth, only reaching about 4 meters (13 ft) when 25 years old. It has a narrow vase shaped crown and is thornless. It is propagated on its own roots, from ground budding, and also top grafted. It was raised by the nurseryman Charles Breton of
99:
2264:. The long pods, which eventually dry and ripen to brown or maroon, are surrounded in a tough, leathery skin that adheres strongly to the pulp within. The pulp—bright green in unripe pods—is strongly sweet, crisp and succulent in ripe pods. Dark brown tannin-rich beans are found in slots within the pulp. Likewise, its edible seed has nutritional potential, and the
875:–4 in) long growing out of the branches and trunk, some reaching lengths of 20 cm (8 in); these may be single, or branched into several points, and commonly form dense clusters. The thorns are modified branches and occasionally sprout leaves. Thornless forms are occasionally found growing wild and are commonly available as nursery plants.
2035:. The spines cause damage to both people and domestic and native wildlife and puncture vehicle tires. In Argentina the trees were introduced in the early 1800s to be used as a landscape ornamental, as a forest tree, and in windbreaks. It escaped from cultivation and has invaded native grasslands, subtropical montane forest (
1960:. Trees in Mexico are much smaller than those in the center of its range, reaching a maximum size of just 12 m (39 ft) and less than 6 m (20 ft) in some populations. They are also found in isolated locations growing on south facing slopes at elevations of 1,170 to 1,400 m (3,840 to 4,590 ft).
2078:
Due to the honey locust's tolerance of urban problems such as salt spray, compacted soils, poor aeration, constrained planting areas, and pollution, it has been widely planted in cities. In addition it will adapt to relatively dry conditions and either alkaline or acidic soils. Once established it is
2347:
activity in non-nodulating leguminous plants, including honey locust. Electron microscopy indicates the presence of clusters around the inner cortex of roots, just outside the xylem, that resemble colonies of rhizobial bacterioids. These may well constitute the evolutionary precursors in legumes for
2202:
This is a very popular cultivar of the honey locust. Trees have a straight trunk and branches that grow outward and then curve upward to create a symmetrical crown. Very often, without trimming, they will have three or four leaders. At 15 years of age the top of the tree is relatively flat, creating
2118:
are especially subsceptable to damage by the Asian mimosa webworm. Though healthy trees are able to withstand one or two years of complete defoliation, stressed trees may be killed. The number of honey locust trees within 10 meters (33 ft) increases attacks by the webworms as does the amount of
2342:
There are anatomical, ecological, and taxonomic indications of nitrogen fixation in non-nodulating legumes. Both nodulating and non-nodulating species have been observed to grow well in nitrogen-poor soil with non-nodulating legumes even dominating some sites. The litter and seeds of non-nodulating
2148:
The 'Continental' cultivar has especially large leaves of a darker blue-green shade during the summer. It is a large and vigorous selection with a narrow crown that is thornless and nearly seedless. It was introduced to plant commerce by
Princeton Nursery of New Jersey in 1973 and patented in 1958.
1979:
are known to disperse the seeds of honey locust by consuming the pods and passing the seeds in their dung. It is likely that deer move the seeds over one kilometer from where they are eaten, though probably not more than three kilometers and aid the tree in reaching new habitats and maintaining its
1917:
In the midwest it grows in very widely in
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Missouri and is much rarer and scattered in Wisconsin and Minnesota, North Dakota. In Kansas it grows naturally in the eastern half of the state, and at the eastern and northern edge of Nebraska along the Missouri River, a small
2290:
Honey locusts produce a high quality, durable wood that polishes well, but the tree does not grow in sufficient numbers to support a bulk industry. However, a niche market exists for honey locust furniture. It is also used for posts and rails because of the dense, rot-resistant nature of the wood.
2030:
Honey locust is one of the most successful of the trees and shrubs in the pea family at invading new habitats worldwide. The species is a major invasive environmental and economic weed in agricultural regions of
Australia. The plant forms thickets and destroys the pasture required for livestock to
1994:
The seeds of the honey locust are resistant to sprouting without damage to the seed coat. In controlled experiments only 5% of the seeds sprout without treatment. In comparison seeds soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid for one and a half hours increased germination to 68% and two and a half hours
2211:
This is a very common cultivar that has a more pyramidal or slightly squared shape to its canopy. Full grown trees may reach a height of 15 meters (50 ft) or more. Of five standard cultivars including 'Imperial, 'Moraine', 'Shademaster', and 'Sunburst' it showed the greatest height after 15
2193:
It is a popular cultivar that grows to only about 11 meters (35 ft) in height. It is of very regular growth habit with branches that emerge at right angles to the trunk and a symmetrical arrangement around it. It is noted for its rounded crown. Due to the lower emergence of main branches it
1940:
To the west it grows throughout eastern Texas and
Oklahoma, while becoming scattered and isolated to the west. It is listed as introduced to New Mexico by POWO, but native in Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. Contradicting this, NatureServe list it as native to New Mexico, while introduced in Colorado,
2010:
while a caterpillar. The first brood of the moths emerge from hibernation in the ground in the late spring. The green larvae have several horns on the backs and reach full size in about three weeks. When they reach full size they pupate in the soil. There may be two or three broods in a year.
1893:
Though honey locust is the most commonly used name for the species in
English, it has a variety of other names. Some of these many names include "honey shucks locust", "sweet bean tree", "sweet locust", "thorny locust", and "green locust tree". In South Africa it is called "driedoringboom",
854: in) wide. Once ripe the pod will contain as many as twenty dark brown oval seeds, each about 2 cm (1 in) long. Surrounding the seeds is a soft, gooey pulp with a slightly sweet flavor. Pods may be produced from mid-September through mid-October in its native habitat.
1966:
In its native range the honey locust grows in humid or subhumid climates. It grows best in soils that are organically rich and moist, but well-drained. However, it is tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions. It is intolerant of shade and is a minor componant of forests.
800: in) long when compound and very slightly smaller when bipinnate. The leaves are green in summer and turn yellow in autumn in shades ranging from cream and tan to golden yellow. Honey locusts leaf out relatively late in spring, but generally slightly earlier than the
2135:
A cultivar that has been nearly or wholy unavailable in the plant trade since the 1980s. It was sourced from a then 50-year-old tree in
Beatrice, Nebraska by the Inter-State Nursery of Hamburg, Iowa in 1955. This cultivar is shaped similarly to an
1925:
showed the range as extending naturally into
Pennsylvania, NatureServe list it as introduced to that state. They likewise list it as introduced to Maine, Vermont, and New Jersey, while both POWO and World Plants list it as native to all of them.
1897:
In the late 1800s it was known by additional local names including "black locust" (MS, TX, AR, KS, NB), "three-thorned acacia" (MA, RI, LA, TX, MI, NB, Onterio), "thorntree" (NY, IN, LA), "thorny acacia" (TN), and "piquant amourette" (LA).
748:
where it is mostly found in the moist soil of river valleys. Honey locust trees are highly adaptable to different environments, and the species has been introduced worldwide. Outside its natural range it can be an aggressive, damaging
2343:
species contain levels of nitrogen higher than non-legumes and sometimes even higher than nodulating legumes growing on the same site. How this happens is not yet well understood but there have been some observations of
3760:
Ferreras, Ana E.; Funes, Guillermo; Galetto, Leonardo (April 2015). "The role of seed germination in the invasion process of H oney locust ( Gleditsia triacanthos L ., F abaceae): comparison with a native confamilial".
2059:, Slovakia. It was planted sometime between 1773 and 1793, making it approximately 241 years old. When last measured in 2021 it had a diameter of 1.2 meters (3.9 ft) and a height of 23.40 meters (76.8 ft).
4110:
2043:. In much of the Midwest of the United States the honey locust is also considered a weed tree and a pest that establishes itself in farm fields. In other regions of the world, ranchers and farmers who employ
2070:. It was last reported as healthy in 2019. It has a diameter at breast height of about 2.0 meters (6.5 ft), a height of 31 m (103 ft), and a crown spread of 34 m (112 ft).
5666:
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2348:
nitrogen fixation through nodulation. It is not known whether the non-nodulating nitrogen fixation, if it exists, benefits neighboring plants as is said to be the case with nodulating legumes.
4798:
Zhang, J. P.; Tian, X. H.; Yang, Y. X.; Liu, Q. X.; Wang, Q; Chen, L. P.; Li, H. L.; Zhang, W. D. (2016). "Gleditsia species: An ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological review".
1941:
Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. Only World Plants lists it as native to many western states including
Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming.
1852:
most often used for the species is "honey locust". This name comes from the slightly sweet pulp that surrounds the seeds in the tree's pods and their resemblance to the pods of the
917:
2194:
requires significant amounts of pruning to be used as a street tree where clearance above vehicles is required. It is used where a somewhat smaller shade tree is required.
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or "locust tree" from the middle east. Honey locust is also used for the genus as a whole or for other species in it. The first recorded use of the name was in 1709 by
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In the eastern United States honey locust trees are regarded as native to Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and New York. Though the botanist
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root rots, a fungal infection of the roots and lower trunk of the tree. Three insects are the main pests that attack the honey locusts in urban areas,
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830:) that matures in early autumn and is often twisted or curved. The average size of the pods is 7–35 cm (3–14 in) long and 1.5–3 cm (
765:, can reach a height of 20–30 m (65–100 ft). They exhibit fast growth, but live a medium life span, as long as 125 years. The leaves are
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World wide it has become established outside of cultivation in Europe, southern Asia, Australia, southern Africa, and in Argentina and Uruguay.
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The sweet pulp in honey locust seed pods is attractive as a food for many animals including cattle, deer, rabbits, squirrels, and hares.
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However, due to its wide planting many problems have been discovered. Like maples and oaks, honey locust is particularly vulnerable to
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4738:
Bryan JA, Berlyn GP, Gordo JC (1996). "Toward a new concept of the evolution of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the Leguminosae".
2590:
1890:) in New York and New Jersey. Varients on this name include "common honey locust", "honeylocust", and "thornless honey locust".
5631:
5261:
2659:
Flora of the Four Corners Region : Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
1907:
106:
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905:
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5341:
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Djumaeva D, Lamers JP, Martius C, Khamzina A, Ibragimov N, Vlek PL (2010). "Quantification of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by
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52:
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1866:. In the late 1800s honey locust was sometimes used as an alternate name in localized areas for other species such as for
816:
3894:"American Honey-locust 'Gledicia na cintorine Kozia Brana' at the cemetery Kozia Brana, Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia"
2173:
in France around 1880. It has, in some cases, reached large sizes of 12 m (39 ft) or 9.75 m (32 ft).
5646:
4942:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
4859:
4033:
2460:
5486:
5287:
5062:
2691:(Common Honey Locust, Honeylocust, Honey Locust, Honey Shucks Locust, Sweet Bean Tree, Sweet Locust, Thorny Locust)"
929:
5626:
5540:
5473:
4141:"Effects of Tree Density, Tree Species Diversity, and Percentage of Hardscape on Three Insect Pests of Honeylocust"
2522:
2517:
2331:, the assumption being that without nodulation, no nitrogen fixation can occur. In contrast, many popular sources,
2067:
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121:
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survive. The thickets choke waterways and prevent both domestic and native animals from drinking and also harbour
5651:
5636:
5336:
5023:
3250:
2725:
1983:
The size and number of thorns on the honey locust are thought to have evolved to protect the trees from browsing
1841:
2079:
also drought tolerant, though it grows best with good moisture. It was very widely planted as a replacement for
5641:
5403:
4845:
1911:
1862:
1004:. However, this scientific name is still found in gardening websites and books to distinguish thornless trees.
5478:
5596:
5209:
4962:
3557:
3255:
823:), but some will have both types of flowers in separate clusters, though usually one type will predominate.
35:
5214:
5188:
3830:
3186:
CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names : Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology
3156:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
2272:
constitutes a food source with various potential uses for pastry and bakery, among other gastronomic uses.
5183:
5087:
4985:
1930:
1857:
3030:
2095:
1984:
881:
248:
5240:
5201:
4784:
Leguminous trees with edible beans, with indications of a rhizobial symbiosis in non-nodulating legumes
2947:
1980:
wild population even in fragmented habitats. The seeds themselves are consumed by crows in the winter.
4560:
2420:
5390:
5121:
4747:
4699:
2253:
2047:
deem honey locust a nuisance weed; its fast growth allows it to out-compete grasses and other crops.
2007:
1922:
5162:
4935:
273:
66:
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815:
3–7 centimeters long with many tiny greenish-yellow to greenish-white flowers. The trees are
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5558:
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5113:
4763:
4715:
3732:
3627:
3531:
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2600:. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Archived from
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2159:
2015:
990:
286:
116:
5550:
5465:
4324:
4077:
3314:
2751:
5279:
3459:"Digital Representations of Tree Species Range Maps from "Atlas of United States Trees" :
3069:
5424:
5318:
5095:
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4901:
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4876:
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4540:
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3189:
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2022:), but usually is not infected by large numbers of them and without suffering obvious damage.
1999:
1976:
1934:
1425:
974:
970:
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3271:
1906:
The native range of the honey locust is widely agreed to be from northern Mexico through the
5429:
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4807:
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4707:
4374:
4223:
4152:
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3770:
3611:
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958:
159:
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4703:
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3294:. Washington, D.C.: Department of Agriculture, Forestry Division. pp. 252, 258, 262
2397:
5447:
5175:
4658:
3210:
2981:
2852:
2103:
858:
146:
3289:
2656:
Heil, Kenneth D.; O'Kane, Jr., Steve L.; Reeves, Linda Mary; Clifford, Arnold (2013).
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5504:
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5313:
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2406:
2357:
1949:
1883:
1175:
978:
966:
769:
745:
86:
81:
17:
4767:
819:: many trees have only pollen producing flowers or seed producing flowers (strictly
5563:
5100:
4719:
4587:"Characterization of the technological properties of flour of acacia thorns three (
3473:
3014:
2332:
2238:
2182:
2137:
2080:
2044:
1875:
1819:
801:
5067:
3950:
3215:(Revised ed.). London: The Reader's Digest Association Limited. p. 175.
3039:(Honeylocust, Honey Locust, Thornless Common Honeylocust, Thornless Honey Locust)"
5491:
5328:
5054:
4139:
Sperry, Chad; Chaney, William; Shao, Guofan; Sadof, Clifford (1 September 2001).
5527:
5367:
5349:
5248:
5017:
2344:
2324:
1849:
5044:
4811:
4711:
4498:
4400:
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2857:(1st American ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 152–153.
2509:
2365:
2361:
2170:
2056:
2040:
1957:
5152:
5008:
4616:
Kaiser, Jo-Ann (August 1994). "Honeylocust: the thorny tree of the midwest".
4140:
3728:
3623:
3527:
3263:
3119:
2917:
5170:
5134:
4362:
3774:
3350:
The Complete Language of Flowers : A Definitive and Illustrated History
2292:
2269:
2091:
1836:
820:
773:
734:
225:
5517:
5292:
4819:
4378:
4227:
4178:
4177:
Knupp, Barbara; Hoover, Sr., Gregory A.; Skvarla, Michael (16 March 2023).
4156:
3498:
Estrada-Castillón, Eduardo; Jurado, Enrique; Jiménez-Pérez, Javier (2002).
2558:
973:. Its taxonomic history is quite complex with a total of 41 names that are
5416:
3504:(Caesalpiniaceae) in Northeastern Mexico and Its Phytogeographic Interest"
2119:
impermeable hardscape surfaces out to 20 m (66 ft) from a tree.
5512:
5077:
5002:
3244:
3019:, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 1 June 2024
2377:
2328:
2115:
1988:
1945:
741:
205:
172:
3683:. Champaign, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey. pp. 38–39.
3631:
3599:
3127:
3103:
2925:
2909:
2889:
2630:(American edition, New ed.). New York: Dk Publishing. p. 137.
5227:
5108:
4759:
4690:
L. on salt-affected irrigated croplands using two N isotopic methods".
4663:
The Leguminosae: A Source Book of Characteristics, Uses, and Nodulation
4537:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region
3736:
3712:
3535:
3499:
3396:"Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 19.3"
2373:
2296:
1867:
1848:. The species name is derived from Greek and means "three thorns". The
766:
195:
31:
30:
This article is about the tree. For the plants with the same name, see
4873:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees—Western Region
4586:
2717:
2319:
does not fix nitrogen. Some support this statement with the fact that
2140:
with a wide, spreading top and is also thornless and nearly pod free.
811:
The strongly scented flowers appear in late spring. Each cluster is a
5253:
3864:
3615:
2369:
2249:
2234:
2036:
2032:
1953:
827:
812:
185:
4979:
3519:
2756:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 242.
2055:
The oldest known tree is one growing in the Kozia Brana Cemetery in
1894:
driedoring-gleditsia", soetpeulboom", "springkaanboom", or "leoka".
776:
compound on vigorous young trees. The leaflets are 1.4–3.6 cm (
5266:
5139:
4212:"Checklist of Cultivars of Honeylocust (Gleditsia Triacanthos L.)"
2662:. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 548–549
2279:
2265:
2245:
2224:
1853:
998:
133:
3652:
737:
5126:
4983:
4665:. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 812.
4637:"Nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation by prairie legumes"
3600:"Germination of Woody Legume Seeds with Impermeable Seed Coats"
2014:
Honey locust trees are a frequent host for the parasitic plant
2718:"Types of Locust Trees with Identification Guide and Pictures"
2299:
is pale yellow. It is strong, but has a coarse grain texture.
2261:
3395:
1918:
area of South Dakota, and the southern portion of Michigan.
4082:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp. 228–232.
3949:
Kling, Gary J.; Lindsey, Christopher P.; Zampardo, Mark E.
264:
4363:"Growth Habits of Five Cultivars of Gleditsia Triacanthos"
3291:
Nomenclature of the Arborescent Flora of the United States
2241:, which is toxic) and consumed by wildlife and livestock.
3319:. London: Guardian Books/Faber & Faber. p. 211.
2244:
Despite its name, the honey locust is not a significant
1812:
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym ; = heterotypic synonym
1991:, which may also have been involved in seed dispersal.
985:, and twenty-two species. Included in its synonyms by
4210:
Santamour, Frank; McArdle, Alice (1 September 1983).
4844:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
3846:"Anachronistic fruits and the ghosts who haunt them"
3593:
3591:
2883:
2881:
2380:
studies assessing for possible biological activity.
2248:
plant. The name derives from the sweet taste of the
2127:
Almost all cultivated varieties do not have thorns.
5667:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
4992:
4257:'Continental' - Continental thornless honey locust"
3470:
Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
4539:(Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 495.
3243:
2584:
2582:
2580:
947:Old growth honeylocust tree in Tennessee, US, 1941
4361:Haserodt, Heidi; Sydnor, T. Davis (1 July 1983).
4329:. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. p. 167.
4326:Trees and Shrubs : A gardener's Encyclopedia
3472:. United States Geological Survey. Archived from
2421:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T62026061A62026063.en
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
3755:
3753:
3188:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 1084.
2753:Field Guide to the Street Trees of New York City
2315:is disputed. Many scientific sources state that
4134:
4132:
3713:"Parasitic Weeds in the Southern United States"
3677:Bouseman, John K.; Sternburg, James G. (2002).
3283:
3281:
3043:North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
2745:
2743:
2695:North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
2339:does fix nitrogen but by some other mechanism.
826:The fruit of the honey locust is a flat pod (a
27:Species of tree native to central North America
4585:Calfunao Antivil, Rosario (31 December 2011).
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3074:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 48.
4866:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
4787:(Ph.D.). Yale University. Docket UMI95-41400.
4497:Gilman, Edward F.; Watson, Dennis G. (2006).
4492:
4490:
4409:'Imperial': 'Imperial' Thornless Honeylocust"
4399:Gilman, Edward F.; Watson, Dennis G. (2006).
3985:Gilman, Edward F.; Watson, Dennis G. (2006).
3980:
3978:
3976:
3316:Natural Selection : a year in the garden
2681:
2679:
2677:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2360:were identified from honey locust, including
60:A cultivated honey locust showing fall color
8:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4071:
1846:Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
4919:. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 552.
4644:Proceedings, 2nd Midwest Prairie Conference
4507:'Skyline': 'Skyline' Thornless Honeylocust"
4280:
4278:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2295:of honey locust is reddish brown while the
4980:
4917:Native Trees for North American Landscapes
4875:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 640.
4530:
4528:
4318:
4316:
3919:"2021 National Register of Champion Trees"
2651:
2649:
2647:
2356:In research using databases, more than 60
2087:, becoming somewhat overplanted in 1970s.
1006:
579:lusus pendula Asch. & Graebn. (1907)
272:
97:
75:
51:
42:
3944:
3942:
3353:. New York: Wellfleet Press. p. 99.
3209:Harris, Esmond; Harris, Jeanette (1989).
2419:
5617:Flora of the South-Central United States
5607:Flora of the North-Central United States
4733:
4731:
4729:
4323:Bryant, Geoff; Rodd, Tony, eds. (2010).
5622:Flora of the Southeastern United States
5612:Flora of the Northeastern United States
4864:United States Department of Agriculture
3139:
3137:
3009:
3007:
2504:
2502:
2388:
2335:publications in particular, claim that
1604:Gleditsia triacanthos var. brachycarpos
877:
703:(McVaugh) Seigler & Ebinger 2006)
299:
5662:Plants used in Native American cuisine
4940:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
2784:
2782:
2780:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
1844:, the director of what has become the
1718:Gleditsia triacanthos var. macrocarpos
1509:Gleditsia triacanthos f. elegantissima
1007:
995:Natural Resources Conservation Service
4475:. Colorado State University Extension
3576:from the original on 18 December 2023
3049:from the original on 17 February 2024
2062:The largest recorded in the American
1756:Gleditsia triacanthos var. polysperma
1490:Gleditsia triacanthos f. brachycarpos
571:(Asch. & Graebn.) Rehder (1949)
301:
7:
5541:fc45bc34-1a1e-4eaa-bf6b-e4840b0ce9a7
5391:223c19be-7a45-4085-9229-9c6bac3c0d2c
3961:. University of Illinois at UIPLANTS
3680:Field Guide to Silkmoths of Illinois
3272:participating institution membership
2962:from the original on 4 December 2023
2728:from the original on 1 December 2023
1297:Gleditsia inermis var. elegantissima
977:as of 2024 including five botanical
615:(Desf.) Asch. & Graebn. (1907)
5587:IUCN Red List least concern species
4896:. New York: Random House. pp.
3104:"Hybridization in the Honey Locust"
3045:. North Carolina State University.
2407:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2064:National Register of Champion Trees
1944:In Mexico it grows in four states;
1818:Hybridization of honey locust with
997:PLANTS database is the subordinate
4692:Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
4367:Arboriculture & Urban Forestry
4216:Arboriculture & Urban Forestry
4145:Arboriculture & Urban Forestry
2716:Nolan, Jessica (13 January 2020).
2252:pulp, which was used for food and
1680:Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis
1661:Gleditsia triacanthos var. horrida
1623:Gleditsia triacanthos var. bujotii
1411:Gleditsia mimosifolia var. pendula
1002:Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis
899:Honey locust tree thorns in Kansas
25:
4893:Trees of North America and Europe
2697:. North Carolina State University
1699:Gleditsia triacanthos var. laevis
1588:lusus pendula Asch. & Graebn.
5479:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:110723-2
4036:, U.S. Department of Agriculture
3394:Hassler, Michael (18 May 2024).
3288:Sudworth, George Bishop (1897).
2110:), and honeylocust spider mite (
1642:Gleditsia triacanthos var. ferox
1566:Gleditsia triacanthos f. pendula
1528:Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis
940:
928:
916:
904:
892:
880:
120:
4443:[sold as Shademaster®]"
3556:Davis, Costanza (16 May 2016).
2260:, and can also be used to make
1908:Gulf Coast of the United States
1874:) in Texas and New Mexico, for
1797:(McVaugh) Seigler & Ebinger
1737:Gleditsia triacanthos var. nana
4915:Sternberg G, Wilson J (2004).
4469:"Thornless Common Honeylocust"
4079:North American Landscape Trees
2233:The pulp on the inside of the
2176:
2112:Platytetranychus multidigituli
1142:Gleditsia bujotii var. pendula
523:(Michx.) C.K.Schneid. (1907)
1:
4076:Jacobson, Arthur Lee (1996).
3711:Musselman, Lytton J. (1996).
3184:Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000).
2894:) Seeds by White-tailed Deer"
1547:Gleditsia triacanthos f. nana
4860:United States Forest Service
4800:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
4034:United States Forest Service
3653:"Honeylocusts and Mastodons"
3071:Growing the Northeast garden
2890:"Dispersal of Honey Locust (
2152:
2006:) feeds on honey locust and
1569:(Asch. & Graebn.) Rehder
1452:Gleditsia sinensis var. nana
1047:Caesalpiniodes heterophyllum
857:Honey locusts commonly have
312:Caesalpiniodes heterophyllum
4976:at the USDA Plants Database
4959:at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
4535:Little, Elbert L. (1994) .
4117:. Missouri Botanical Garden
3598:Fordham, Alfred J. (1965).
3508:The Southwestern Naturalist
3212:Trees and Shrubs of Britain
2958:. Oregon State University.
2800:. Missouri Botanical Garden
2100:Blepharidopterus chlorionis
1645:(Desf.) Asch. & Graebn.
957:Honey locust was given its
5688:
5592:NatureServe secure species
4642:. In Zimmerman JH. (ed.).
4561:"Toxicity of Black Locust"
4511:Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS
4413:Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS
3999:Ask IFAS - Powered by EDIS
3347:Dietz, S. Theresa (2020).
2626:Coombes, Allen J. (2023).
2523:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2518:Plants of the World Online
2197:
2157:Also known as 'Compacta',
2143:
2068:Botetourt County, Virginia
1066:Caesalpiniodes triacanthum
987:Plants of the World Online
535:(Grosdem.) Rehder (1949)
347:pendula Van Geert . nud.
320:Caesalpiniodes triacanthum
29:
5672:Trees of Northern America
4812:10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.044
4712:10.1007/s10705-010-9357-5
4447:Purdue Arboretum Explorer
4301:. Oregon State University
4030:Southern Research Station
3892:Miklanek, Martin (2021).
3251:Oxford English Dictionary
2888:Guiden, Peter W. (2013).
1842:Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch
1811:
1221:Gleditsia ferox var. nana
1183:Gleditsia excelsa-pendula
935:Mature honeylocust fruits
675:(Loudon) A.Henry (1912)
603:(Neumann) Rehder (1900)
547:(Castigl.) Zabel (1903)
372:Gleditsia excelsa-pendula
292:
285:
280:
271:
254:
247:
117:Scientific classification
115:
95:
73:
64:
59:
50:
45:
5657:Plants described in 1753
4852:Silvics of North America
4618:Wood & Wood Products
4597:(in Spanish and English)
4473:Colorado Master Gardener
3995:: Thornless Honeylocust"
3568:. Easton, Pennsylvania:
2565:. CABI. 22 November 2017
2414:: e.T62026061A62026063.
2229:Unripe honey locust pods
2039:), and woodlands of the
1882:) in Minnesota, and for
1863:A New Voyage to Carolina
559:(Loudon) Rehder (1949)
419:(Aiton) Salisb. (1796)
395:(Loudon) Rehder (1900)
4936:"Gleditsia triacanthos"
4513:. University of Florida
4415:. University of Florida
4001:. University of Florida
3799:. Australian Government
3775:10.1111/1442-1984.12041
3457:Little, Jr., Elbert L.
3256:Oxford University Press
2851:Edlin, Herbert (1978).
2188:
2130:
491:(Aiton) Stokes (1812)
471:Lodd. ex Talou ubnud.
447:Lodd. ex G.Don (1830)
331:(Michx.) Pursh (1813)
36:Locust (disambiguation)
4688:Elaeagnus angustifolia
4379:10.48044/jauf.1983.046
4228:10.48044/jauf.1983.060
4157:10.48044/jauf.2001.028
3431:. University of Guelph
3264:10.1093/OED/6008132924
2898:Ecological Restoration
2287:
2258:Native American people
2237:is edible (unlike the
2230:
2206:
2020:Phoradendron leucarpum
1910:, northwards into the
1794:Vachellia villaregalis
1259:Gleditsia heterophylla
1085:Gleditsia brachycarpos
725:), also known as the
700:Vachellia villaregalis
680:Gleditsia triacanthos
668:Gleditsia triacanthos
656:Gleditsia triacanthos
644:Gleditsia triacanthos
632:Gleditsia triacanthos
620:Gleditsia triacanthos
608:Gleditsia triacanthos
596:Gleditsia triacanthos
584:Gleditsia triacanthos
564:Gleditsia triacanthos
552:Gleditsia triacanthos
540:Gleditsia triacanthos
528:Gleditsia triacanthos
516:Gleditsia triacanthos
476:Gleditsia mimosifolia
408:Gleditsia heterophylla
328:Gleditsia brachycarpos
315:(Raf.) Kuntze (1891)
34:. For other uses, see
5202:Gleditsia triacanthos
5024:Gleditsia triacanthos
4994:Gleditsia triacanthos
4973:Gleditsia triacanthos
4964:Gleditsia triacanthos
4955:Gleditsia triacanthos
4934:Sullivan, J. (1994).
4840:Gleditsia triacanthos
4589:Gleditsia triacanthos
4501:Gleditsia triacanthos
4437:Gleditsia triacanthos
4403:Gleditsia triacanthos
4289:Gleditsia triacanthos
4263:. The Dawes Arboretum
4251:Gleditsia triacanthos
4111:"Ganoderma Root Rots"
4024:Gleditsia triacanthos
3989:Gleditsia triacanthos
3953:Gleditsia triacanthos
3821:Gleditsia triacanthos
3791:Gleditsia triacanthos
3763:Plant Species Biology
3560:Gleditsia triacanthos
3502:Gleditsia triacanthos
3423:Gleditsia triacanthos
3313:Pearson, Dan (2017).
3148:Gleditsia triacanthos
3144:Sullivan, J. (1994).
3068:Keys, Andrew (2015).
3033:Gleditsia triacanthos
3016:Gleditsia triacanthos
2984:Gleditsia triacanthos
2950:Gleditsia triacanthos
2892:Gleditsia triacanthos
2792:Gleditsia triacanthos
2689:Gleditsia triacanthos
2561:Gleditsia triacanthos
2512:Gleditsia triacanthos
2467:. Arlington, Virginia
2463:Gleditsia triacanthos
2400:Gleditsia triacanthos
2285:Gleditsia triacanthos
2283:
2228:
2108:Homadaula anisocentra
2096:honeylocust plant bug
2008:Kentucky coffee trees
1995:increases it to 98%.
1985:Pleistocene megafauna
1840:is named in honor of
1826:) has been reported.
1775:Melilobus heterophyla
1585:Gleditsia triacanthos
1493:(Michx.) C.K.Schneid.
1392:Gleditsia mimosifolia
1373:Gleditsia micracantha
1335:Gleditsia latisiliqua
963:Gleditsia triacanthos
763:Gleditsia triacanthos
722:Gleditsia triacanthos
692:Melilobus heterophyla
576:Gleditsia triacanthos
468:Gleditsia mimosifolia
460:Gleditsia micracantha
444:Gleditsia latisiliqua
258:Gleditsia triacanthos
18:Gleditsia triacanthos
3102:Schneck, J. (1904).
2750:Day, Leslie (2011).
2459:NatureServe (2024).
2396:Stritch, L. (2018).
2254:traditional medicine
2181:This cultivar has a
1923:Elbert Luther Little
1880:Robinia pseudoacacia
1433:Gleditsia polysperma
1405:= het. nom. subnud.
969:in 1753 in his book
817:polygamous-dioecious
806:Robinia pseudoacacia
744:, native to central
488:Gleditsia polysperma
323:(L.) Kuntze (1891)
5647:Flora of Tamaulipas
5632:Flora of Nuevo León
4890:Philips R. (1979).
4871:Little EL. (1980).
4836:Blair, RM. (1990).
4752:1996PlSoi.186..151B
4704:2010NCyAg..88..329D
4449:. Perdue University
4183:PennState Extension
3566:Campus Tree Project
3461:Gleditsia trianthos
3254:(Online ed.).
3154:U.S. Forest Service
2910:10.3368/er.31.4.356
2827:. Towson University
1028:Acacia villaregalis
1009:
772:on older trees but
496:Gleditsia sinensis
304:Acacia villaregalis
240:G. triacanthos
67:Conservation status
4968:at Forestry Images
4760:10.1007/BF00035069
4295:'Emerald Kascade'"
4261:Arboretum Explorer
3844:Barlow C. (2001).
3797:Weeds in Australia
2990:World Flora Online
2329:symbiotic bacteria
2288:
2231:
2166:Gleditsia aquatica
2160:Gleditsia sinensis
2066:is one growing in
2016:American mistletoe
1872:Prosopis juliflora
1824:Gleditsia aquatica
1354:Gleditsia meliloba
1008:Table of Synonyms
991:World Flora Online
975:taxonomic synonyms
761:The honey locust,
731:thorny honeylocust
452:Gleditsia meliloba
424:Gleditsia inermis
352:Gleditsia bujotii
5627:Flora of Coahuila
5574:
5573:
5425:Open Tree of Life
4986:Taxon identifiers
4926:978-0-881-92607-1
4907:978-0-394-50259-5
4882:978-0-394-50761-3
4781:Bryan J. (1995).
4672:978-0-299-08400-4
4336:978-1-55407-836-3
4089:978-0-89815-813-7
4020:Blair, Robert M.
3690:978-1-882932-06-1
3570:Lafayette College
3500:"New Locality of
3360:978-1-57715-190-6
3326:978-1-78335-117-6
3270:(Subscription or
3245:"Honey Locust, N"
3195:978-0-8493-2673-8
3081:978-1-60469-448-2
2864:978-0-684-15886-0
2763:978-1-4214-0151-5
2637:978-0-7440-7420-8
2607:on 7 January 2020
2303:Nitrogen fixation
2177:'Emerald Kascade'
2085:Dutch elm disease
2004:Syssphinx bicolor
2000:honey locust moth
1977:White-tailed deer
1935:Florida Panhandle
1902:Range and habitat
1816:
1815:
1512:(Grosdem.) Rehder
1471:Gleditsia spinosa
1426:not validly publ.
1278:Gleditsia horrida
1161:Gleditsia elegans
1136:= het. nom. nud.
1126:pendula Van Geert
1123:Gleditsia bujotii
1104:Gleditsia bujotii
971:Species Plantarum
923:Autumn leaf color
911:Detail of flowers
713:
712:
704:
696:
688:
676:
664:
652:
640:
639:Castigl. (1790)
628:
616:
604:
592:
580:
572:
560:
548:
536:
524:
512:
511:Marshall (1785)
508:Gleditsia spinosa
504:
492:
484:
472:
464:
456:
448:
440:
432:
431:Grosdem. (1905)
420:
416:Gleditsia horrida
412:
404:
396:
384:
376:
368:
364:Gleditsia elegans
360:
348:
344:Gleditsia bujotii
340:
336:Gleditsia bujotii
332:
324:
316:
308:
110:
90:
16:(Redirected from
5679:
5652:Ornamental trees
5637:Flora of Ontario
5567:
5566:
5554:
5553:
5544:
5543:
5531:
5530:
5521:
5520:
5508:
5507:
5495:
5494:
5482:
5481:
5469:
5468:
5456:
5455:
5443:
5442:
5433:
5432:
5420:
5419:
5407:
5406:
5394:
5393:
5384:
5383:
5371:
5370:
5368:NBNSYS0500000390
5358:
5357:
5345:
5344:
5332:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5309:
5308:
5296:
5295:
5283:
5282:
5270:
5269:
5257:
5256:
5244:
5243:
5231:
5230:
5218:
5217:
5205:
5204:
5192:
5191:
5179:
5178:
5166:
5165:
5156:
5155:
5143:
5142:
5130:
5129:
5117:
5116:
5104:
5103:
5091:
5090:
5081:
5080:
5071:
5070:
5058:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5038:
5037:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5013:
5012:
5011:
4981:
4943:
4930:
4911:
4886:
4867:
4856:Washington, D.C.
4824:
4823:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4735:
4724:
4723:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4641:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4532:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4494:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4358:
4341:
4340:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4299:Landscape Plants
4285:Breen, Patrick.
4282:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4207:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4179:"Mimosa Webworm"
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4136:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4073:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3982:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3926:American Forests
3923:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3898:Monumental Trees
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3873:
3867:. Archived from
3865:10.5962/p.390407
3850:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3829:. Archived from
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:. 2 January 2018
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3616:10.5962/p.249445
3595:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3478:
3467:
3454:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3421:"Honey-Locust -
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3391:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3181:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2956:Landscape Plants
2946:Breen, Patrick.
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2848:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2786:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2683:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2653:
2642:
2641:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2595:
2586:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2555:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2506:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2456:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2393:
2083:trees killed by
1798:
1779:
1760:
1741:
1740:(Loudon) A.Henry
1722:
1703:
1684:
1665:
1646:
1627:
1626:(Neumann) Rehder
1608:
1589:
1570:
1551:
1532:
1531:(Castigl.) Zabel
1513:
1494:
1475:
1456:
1437:
1415:
1396:
1377:
1358:
1339:
1320:
1316:Gleditsia laevis
1301:
1282:
1263:
1244:
1225:
1206:
1187:
1165:
1155:= het. pro syn.
1146:
1127:
1108:
1089:
1070:
1051:
1032:
1010:
944:
932:
920:
908:
896:
887:Detail of thorns
884:
874:
873:
869:
866:
853:
852:
848:
845:
839:
838:
834:
799:
798:
794:
791:
785:
784:
780:
751:invasive species
702:
694:
686:
683:
674:
671:
662:
659:
650:
647:
638:
635:
626:
623:
614:
611:
602:
599:
590:
587:
578:
570:
567:
558:
555:
546:
543:
534:
531:
522:
519:
510:
502:
499:
490:
482:
479:
470:
462:
454:
446:
438:
436:Gleditsia laevis
430:
427:
418:
410:
402:
394:
391:
388:Gleditsia ferox
382:
374:
367:Salisb. perfl.
366:
358:
355:
346:
339:Neumann (1846)
338:
330:
322:
314:
307:McVaugh (1987)
306:
276:
260:
216:Caesalpinioideae
125:
124:
104:
101:
100:
84:
79:
78:
55:
43:
21:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5642:Flora of Sonora
5577:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5562:
5557:
5549:
5547:
5539:
5534:
5526:
5524:
5516:
5511:
5503:
5498:
5490:
5485:
5477:
5472:
5464:
5459:
5451:
5446:
5438:
5436:
5428:
5423:
5415:
5412:Observation.org
5410:
5402:
5397:
5389:
5387:
5379:
5374:
5366:
5361:
5353:
5348:
5340:
5335:
5327:
5326:MichiganFlora:
5325:
5317:
5312:
5304:
5299:
5291:
5286:
5278:
5273:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5247:
5239:
5234:
5226:
5221:
5213:
5208:
5200:
5195:
5187:
5182:
5174:
5169:
5161:
5159:
5151:
5146:
5138:
5133:
5125:
5120:
5112:
5107:
5099:
5094:
5086:
5084:
5076:
5074:
5066:
5061:
5053:
5051:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5031:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4988:
4950:
4933:
4927:
4914:
4908:
4889:
4883:
4870:
4854:. Vol. 2.
4835:
4832:
4830:Further reading
4827:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4737:
4736:
4727:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4673:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4565:www.woodweb.com
4559:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4534:
4533:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4499:"ENH441/ST282:
4496:
4495:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4418:
4416:
4401:"ENH439/ST280:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4360:
4359:
4344:
4337:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4304:
4302:
4284:
4283:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4232:
4230:
4209:
4208:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4075:
4074:
4049:
4039:
4037:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4004:
4002:
3987:"ENH438/ST279:
3984:
3983:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3848:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3662:
3660:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3520:10.2307/3672664
3497:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3269:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3183:
3182:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3114:(10): 252–253.
3108:The Plant World
3101:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3013:
3012:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2849:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2685:
2684:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2638:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2563:(honey locust)"
2557:
2556:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2508:
2507:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2458:
2457:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2354:
2307:The ability of
2305:
2278:
2223:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2179:
2155:
2153:'Elegantissima'
2146:
2133:
2125:
2076:
2053:
2028:
1973:
1904:
1888:Robinia viscosa
1860:in his account
1832:
1796:
1777:
1758:
1739:
1720:
1701:
1682:
1663:
1644:
1625:
1606:
1587:
1568:
1550:(Loudon) Rehder
1549:
1530:
1511:
1492:
1473:
1454:
1435:
1413:
1394:
1375:
1356:
1337:
1318:
1299:
1281:(Aiton) Salisb.
1280:
1261:
1242:
1240:Gleditsia flava
1224:(Loudon) Rehder
1223:
1204:
1202:Gleditsia ferox
1185:
1163:
1144:
1125:
1106:
1087:
1068:
1049:
1030:
993:, and the USDA
959:scientific name
955:
948:
945:
936:
933:
924:
921:
912:
909:
900:
897:
888:
885:
871:
867:
864:
862:
850:
846:
843:
841:
836:
832:
831:
796:
792:
789:
787:
782:
778:
777:
759:
709:
681:
669:
663:Michx. (1803)
657:
651:K.Koch (1853)
645:
633:
621:
609:
597:
591:Michx. (1803)
585:
565:
553:
541:
529:
517:
503:Loudon (1838)
497:
477:
463:de Vos (1887)
455:Walter (1788)
425:
403:K.Koch (1869)
400:Gleditsia flava
389:
380:Gleditsia ferox
375:de Vos (1887)
359:Rehder o syn.
353:
298:
297:
267:
262:
256:
243:
119:
111:
102:
98:
91:
80:
76:
69:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5685:
5683:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5597:Edible legumes
5594:
5589:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5564:wfo-0000168133
5555:
5545:
5532:
5522:
5509:
5496:
5483:
5470:
5457:
5444:
5434:
5421:
5408:
5395:
5385:
5372:
5359:
5346:
5333:
5323:
5310:
5297:
5284:
5271:
5258:
5245:
5232:
5219:
5206:
5193:
5180:
5167:
5157:
5144:
5131:
5118:
5105:
5092:
5082:
5072:
5059:
5049:
5039:
5029:
5014:
4998:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4969:
4960:
4949:
4948:External links
4946:
4945:
4944:
4931:
4925:
4912:
4906:
4887:
4881:
4868:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4790:
4773:
4746:(1): 151–159.
4740:Plant and Soil
4725:
4698:(3): 329–339.
4678:
4671:
4649:
4627:
4608:
4577:
4552:
4545:
4524:
4486:
4460:
4426:
4391:
4373:(7): 186–189.
4342:
4335:
4312:
4274:
4240:
4222:(9): 248–252.
4195:
4169:
4151:(5): 263–271.
4128:
4115:Gardening Help
4102:
4088:
4047:
4012:
3972:
3938:
3910:
3884:
3836:
3833:on 2016-03-04.
3810:
3780:
3769:(2): 126–136.
3749:
3723:(3): 271–292.
3703:
3689:
3669:
3644:
3587:
3548:
3514:(4): 602–604.
3490:
3479:on 6 June 2013
3442:
3412:
3373:
3359:
3339:
3325:
3305:
3277:
3235:
3221:
3201:
3194:
3167:
3133:
3094:
3080:
3060:
3022:
3003:
2973:
2938:
2904:(4): 356–358.
2877:
2863:
2838:
2825:Glen Arboretum
2821:"Honey Locust"
2811:
2776:
2762:
2739:
2708:
2673:
2643:
2636:
2618:
2591:"Honey Locust"
2576:
2535:
2478:
2434:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2358:phytochemicals
2353:
2350:
2323:does not form
2304:
2301:
2277:
2274:
2268:made from its
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2178:
2175:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2104:mimosa webworm
2075:
2072:
2052:
2049:
2027:
2024:
1972:
1969:
1931:American South
1903:
1900:
1831:
1828:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:(Aiton) Stokes
1429:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:Lodd. ex Talou
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1338:Lodd. ex G.Don
1331:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:(Michx.) Pursh
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
939:
937:
934:
927:
925:
922:
915:
913:
910:
903:
901:
898:
891:
889:
886:
879:
861:6–10 cm (
758:
755:
740:in the family
711:
710:
708:
707:
706:
705:
697:
689:
687:Aiton (1789)
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
627:Aiton (1789)
617:
605:
593:
581:
573:
561:
549:
537:
525:
513:
505:
493:
485:
483:Talou publ.
473:
465:
457:
449:
441:
439:G.Don (1830)
433:
421:
413:
405:
397:
385:
383:Desf. (1809)
377:
369:
361:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
309:
295:
294:
293:
290:
289:
283:
282:
278:
277:
269:
268:
263:
252:
251:
245:
244:
237:
235:
231:
230:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
176:
175:
170:
163:
162:
157:
150:
149:
144:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
113:
112:
96:
93:
92:
74:
71:
70:
65:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5684:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5542:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5519:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5431:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4937:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4777:
4774:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4653:
4650:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4609:
4596:
4592:
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4566:
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4548:
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4508:
4506:
4502:
4493:
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4410:
4408:
4404:
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4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4355:
4353:
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4347:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4328:
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4319:
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4313:
4300:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4262:
4258:
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4252:
4244:
4241:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4184:
4180:
4173:
4170:
4158:
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4150:
4146:
4142:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4091:
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4081:
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4068:
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4035:
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4027:
4025:
4016:
4013:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3927:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3874:on 2021-02-20
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3822:
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3707:
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3533:
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3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3494:
3491:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3430:
3429:The Arboretum
3426:
3424:
3416:
3413:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3340:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3306:
3293:
3292:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3224:
3222:0-276-00218-0
3218:
3214:
3213:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3095:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3061:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2977:
2974:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2939:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2826:
2822:
2819:Phillips, M.
2815:
2812:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2661:
2660:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2564:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2466:
2464:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2204:
2198:'Shademaster'
2195:
2186:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2150:
2144:'Continental'
2141:
2139:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2114:). Thornless
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2051:Notable trees
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:clammy locust
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:nom. superfl.
1173:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:(Raf.) Kuntze
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:Carl Linnaeus
964:
960:
952:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
895:
890:
883:
878:
876:
860:
855:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
775:
771:
768:
764:
756:
754:
752:
747:
746:North America
743:
739:
736:
732:
728:
727:thorny locust
724:
723:
718:
701:
698:
695:Raf. (1838)
693:
690:
685:
678:
673:
666:
661:
654:
649:
642:
637:
630:
625:
618:
613:
606:
601:
594:
589:
582:
577:
574:
569:
562:
557:
550:
545:
538:
533:
532:elegantissima
526:
521:
514:
509:
506:
501:
494:
489:
486:
481:
474:
469:
466:
461:
458:
453:
450:
445:
442:
437:
434:
429:
428:elegantissima
422:
417:
414:
411:Raf. (1817)
409:
406:
401:
398:
393:
386:
381:
378:
373:
370:
365:
362:
357:
350:
345:
342:
337:
334:
329:
326:
321:
318:
313:
310:
305:
302:
300:
291:
288:
284:
281:Native range
279:
275:
270:
266:
261:
259:
253:
250:
249:Binomial name
246:
242:
241:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:Tracheophytes
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
108:
94:
88:
83:
82:Least Concern
72:
68:
63:
58:
54:
49:
46:Honey locust
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4993:
4972:
4963:
4954:
4939:
4916:
4892:
4872:
4851:
4846:
4839:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4783:
4776:
4743:
4739:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4662:
4652:
4643:
4630:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4599:. Retrieved
4594:
4588:
4580:
4568:. Retrieved
4564:
4555:
4536:
4515:. Retrieved
4510:
4504:
4500:
4477:. Retrieved
4472:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4446:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4417:. Retrieved
4412:
4406:
4402:
4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4370:
4366:
4325:
4303:. Retrieved
4298:
4292:
4288:
4265:. Retrieved
4260:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4231:. Retrieved
4219:
4215:
4186:. Retrieved
4182:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4148:
4144:
4119:. Retrieved
4114:
4105:
4093:. Retrieved
4078:
4038:. Retrieved
4029:
4023:
4015:
4003:. Retrieved
3998:
3992:
3988:
3963:. Retrieved
3958:
3952:
3929:. Retrieved
3925:
3913:
3901:. Retrieved
3897:
3887:
3876:. Retrieved
3869:the original
3859:(2): 14–21.
3856:
3852:
3839:
3831:the original
3826:
3820:
3813:
3801:. Retrieved
3796:
3790:
3783:
3766:
3762:
3740:. Retrieved
3720:
3716:
3706:
3694:. Retrieved
3679:
3672:
3661:. Retrieved
3657:bygl.osu.edu
3656:
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3607:
3603:
3578:. Retrieved
3565:
3559:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3511:
3507:
3501:
3493:
3481:. Retrieved
3474:the original
3469:
3460:
3433:. Retrieved
3428:
3422:
3415:
3403:. Retrieved
3400:World Plants
3399:
3364:. Retrieved
3349:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3315:
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3290:
3249:
3238:
3226:. Retrieved
3211:
3204:
3185:
3158:. Retrieved
3153:
3147:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3085:. Retrieved
3070:
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3042:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3015:
2994:. Retrieved
2988:
2983:
2976:
2964:. Retrieved
2955:
2949:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2901:
2897:
2891:
2868:. Retrieved
2854:The Tree Key
2853:
2829:. Retrieved
2824:
2814:
2802:. Retrieved
2798:Plant Finder
2797:
2791:
2767:. Retrieved
2752:
2730:. Retrieved
2721:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2694:
2688:
2664:. Retrieved
2658:
2627:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2602:the original
2597:
2589:Nesom, Guy.
2567:. Retrieved
2560:
2526:. Retrieved
2516:
2511:
2469:. Retrieved
2462:
2425:. Retrieved
2411:
2405:
2399:
2391:
2355:
2341:
2336:
2333:permaculture
2325:root nodules
2320:
2316:
2313:fix nitrogen
2308:
2306:
2289:
2284:
2243:
2239:black locust
2232:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:weeping form
2180:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2138:American elm
2134:
2126:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2089:
2081:American elm
2077:
2061:
2054:
2045:monocropping
2029:
2026:Invasiveness
2019:
2013:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1987:, including
1982:
1974:
1965:
1962:
1943:
1939:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1876:black locust
1871:
1861:
1835:
1833:
1823:
1820:water locust
1817:
1793:
1774:
1755:
1736:
1717:
1698:
1679:
1660:
1641:
1622:
1603:
1584:
1565:
1546:
1527:
1508:
1489:
1470:
1451:
1432:
1410:
1391:
1372:
1353:
1334:
1315:
1296:
1277:
1258:
1239:
1220:
1201:
1182:
1160:
1141:
1122:
1103:
1084:
1065:
1046:
1027:
1001:
962:
956:
856:
825:
810:
805:
802:black locust
762:
760:
730:
726:
721:
720:
717:honey locust
716:
714:
699:
691:
679:
667:
655:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
588:brachycarpos
583:
575:
563:
551:
539:
527:
520:brachycarpos
515:
507:
495:
487:
475:
467:
459:
451:
443:
435:
423:
415:
407:
399:
387:
379:
371:
363:
351:
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
257:
255:
239:
238:
226:
179:
166:
153:
140:
40:
5350:NatureServe
5249:iNaturalist
5018:Wikispecies
4657:Allen, ON;
4635:Burton JC.
3803:January 23,
2722:Leafy Place
2598:Plant Guide
2569:9 September
2427:19 November
2366:triterpenes
2362:polyphenols
2345:nitrogenase
2163:'Inermis',
2074:Cultivation
1858:John Lawson
1850:common name
1069:(L.) Kuntze
981:, fourteen
774:bipinnately
757:Description
660:macrocarpos
212:Subfamily:
160:Angiosperms
107:NatureServe
5581:Categories
5548:WisFlora:
5448:Plant List
5085:Calflora:
4806:: 155–71.
4601:12 January
4546:0394507614
3878:2017-01-23
3663:2021-07-12
3610:(1): 1–8.
3274:required.)
2384:References
2270:cotyledons
2189:'Imperial'
2131:'Beatrice'
2057:Bratislava
2041:Gran Chaco
1958:Tamaulipas
1950:Nuevo León
1834:The genus
684:polysperma
5602:Gleditsia
5215:200012141
5189:200012141
5171:FloraBase
4847:Hardwoods
4659:Allen, EK
4517:23 August
4419:23 August
4162:24 August
4040:24 August
3959:UI Plants
3827:weeds.org
3729:0008-7475
3624:0004-2633
3528:0038-4909
3120:0096-8307
2918:1543-4060
2337:Gleditsia
2321:Gleditsia
2317:Gleditsia
2309:Gleditsia
2293:heartwood
2207:'Skyline'
2123:Cultivars
2116:cultivars
2092:Ganoderma
1989:mastodons
1837:Gleditsia
983:varieties
821:dioecious
767:pinnately
735:deciduous
234:Species:
227:Gleditsia
130:Kingdom:
5536:VicFlora
5525:VASCAN:
5518:13001001
5513:Tropicos
5453:ild-1446
5355:2.145448
5319:62026061
5280:11256106
5267:496619-1
5075:BioLib:
5003:Wikidata
4862:(USFS),
4820:26643065
4768:42530237
4661:(1981).
4624:(9): 32.
3853:Arnoldia
3717:Castanea
3632:42953763
3604:Arnoldia
3574:Archived
3128:43476409
3047:Archived
2960:Archived
2926:43443331
2726:Archived
2611:18 April
2378:in vitro
2374:saponins
2352:Research
1946:Coahuila
1804:species
1785:species
1766:variety
1747:variety
1728:variety
1709:variety
1690:variety
1683:Castigl.
1671:variety
1652:variety
1633:variety
1614:variety
1595:species
1481:species
1474:Marshall
1462:variety
1443:species
1424:= het.;
1421:variety
1402:species
1383:species
1364:species
1345:species
1326:species
1307:variety
1300:Grosdem.
1288:species
1269:species
1250:species
1231:variety
1212:species
1193:species
1174:≡ hom.,
1171:species
1152:variety
1133:species
1114:species
1095:species
1076:species
1057:species
1038:species
953:Taxonomy
770:compound
742:Fabaceae
287:Synonyms
206:Fabaceae
202:Family:
173:Eudicots
87:IUCN 3.1
5337:MoBotPF
5228:2959443
5109:Ecocrop
5009:Q157650
4748:Bibcode
4720:8129669
4700:Bibcode
4505:inermis
4479:24 July
4453:24 July
4441:inermis
4407:inermis
4384:24 July
4305:23 July
4293:inermis
4267:23 July
4255:inermis
4233:23 July
4095:23 July
3993:inermis
3931:25 July
3903:25 July
3737:4033681
3536:3672664
3037:inermis
2376:, with
2370:sterols
2297:sapwood
2171:Orléans
1971:Ecology
1929:In the
1912:Midwest
1868:mesquit
1807:= het.
1788:= het.
1769:= het.
1750:= het.
1731:= het.
1712:= het.
1693:= het.
1674:= het.
1655:= het.
1636:= het.
1617:= het.
1598:= het.
1579:= het.
1560:= het.
1541:= het.
1522:= het.
1503:= het.
1484:= het.
1465:= het.
1446:= het.
1386:= het.
1367:= het.
1348:= het.
1329:= het.
1310:= het.
1291:= het.
1272:= het.
1253:= het.
1234:= het.
1215:= het.
1196:= het.
1164:Salisb.
1117:= het.
1107:Neumann
1098:= het.
1079:≡ hom.
1060:= het.
1041:= het.
1031:McVaugh
870:⁄
849:⁄
835:⁄
795:⁄
781:⁄
733:, is a
636:inermis
624:horrida
600:bujotii
568:pendula
544:inermis
480:pendula
356:pendula
222:Genus:
196:Fabales
192:Order:
134:Plantae
105: (
103:Secure
85: (
32:Robinia
5461:PLANTS
5430:677313
5417:105100
5388:NZOR:
5342:280280
5163:gletri
5160:FEIS:
5153:170520
5127:416265
5068:113129
5052:APDB:
5032:AoFP:
4966:images
4957:images
4923:
4904:
4879:
4818:
4766:
4718:
4669:
4570:5 July
4543:
4333:
4188:1 June
4121:1 June
4086:
4005:1 June
3965:1 June
3955:habit"
3742:4 June
3735:
3727:
3696:3 June
3687:
3637:3 June
3630:
3622:
3580:1 June
3541:4 June
3534:
3526:
3483:1 June
3435:1 June
3405:1 June
3366:30 May
3357:
3332:30 May
3323:
3298:30 May
3228:3 June
3219:
3192:
3160:1 June
3126:
3118:
3087:1 June
3078:
3053:1 June
2996:1 June
2966:30 May
2931:30 May
2924:
2916:
2870:30 May
2861:
2831:29 May
2804:29 May
2769:29 May
2760:
2732:29 May
2701:29 May
2666:29 May
2634:
2528:14 May
2471:14 May
2372:, and
2276:Timber
2250:legume
2037:yungas
2033:vermin
1956:, and
1954:Sonora
1721:Michx.
1702:K.Koch
1607:Michx.
1455:Loudon
1376:de Vos
1357:Walter
1243:K.Koch
1186:de Vos
1145:Rehder
1022:Notes
859:thorns
828:legume
813:raceme
648:laevis
186:Rosids
5505:346-2
5500:SANBI
5492:33602
5437:PFI:
5399:NZPCN
5381:54874
5306:26714
5293:25272
5275:IRMNG
5254:54797
5241:17641
5197:FoAO2
5148:EUNIS
5140:GLITR
5101:6KH48
5078:39870
5055:63923
5042:APA:
4764:S2CID
4716:S2CID
4640:(PDF)
4503:var.
4405:var.
4291:var.
3991:var.
3922:(PDF)
3872:(PDF)
3849:(PDF)
3733:JSTOR
3628:JSTOR
3532:JSTOR
3477:(PDF)
3466:(PDF)
3268:
3124:JSTOR
3035:var.
2922:JSTOR
2628:Trees
2605:(PDF)
2594:(PDF)
2327:with
2266:flour
2246:honey
1854:carob
1830:Names
1801:2006
1782:1838
1763:1789
1759:Aiton
1744:1912
1725:1803
1706:1853
1687:1790
1668:1789
1664:Aiton
1649:1907
1630:1900
1611:1803
1592:1907
1576:form
1573:1949
1557:form
1554:1949
1538:form
1535:1903
1519:form
1516:1949
1500:form
1497:1907
1478:1785
1459:1838
1440:1812
1418:1859
1414:Talou
1399:1859
1380:1887
1361:1788
1342:1830
1323:1830
1319:G.Don
1304:1905
1285:1796
1266:1817
1247:1869
1228:1900
1209:1809
1205:Desf.
1190:1887
1168:1796
1149:1900
1130:1857
1111:1846
1092:1813
1073:1891
1054:1891
1035:1987
1019:Rank
1016:Year
1013:Name
999:taxon
979:forms
612:ferox
180:Clade
167:Clade
154:Clade
141:Clade
5551:3714
5528:5731
5474:POWO
5466:GLTR
5440:2242
5404:4271
5376:NCBI
5329:1302
5314:IUCN
5301:ITIS
5262:IPNI
5236:GRIN
5223:GBIF
5176:3663
5135:EPPO
5114:6438
5088:8571
5063:APNI
5045:1963
5035:3555
4921:ISBN
4902:ISBN
4877:ISBN
4816:PMID
4667:ISBN
4603:2023
4595:CORE
4591:L.)"
4572:2016
4541:ISBN
4519:2024
4481:2024
4455:2024
4421:2024
4386:2024
4331:ISBN
4307:2024
4269:2024
4235:2024
4190:2024
4164:2024
4123:2024
4097:2024
4084:ISBN
4042:2024
4007:2024
3967:2024
3933:2024
3905:2024
3805:2017
3744:2024
3725:ISSN
3698:2024
3685:ISBN
3639:2024
3620:ISSN
3582:2024
3543:2024
3524:ISSN
3485:2024
3437:2024
3407:2024
3368:2024
3355:ISBN
3334:2024
3321:ISBN
3300:2024
3230:2024
3217:ISBN
3190:ISBN
3162:2024
3116:ISSN
3089:2024
3076:ISBN
3055:2024
2998:2024
2968:2024
2933:2024
2914:ISSN
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2859:ISBN
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2806:2024
2771:2024
2758:ISBN
2734:2024
2703:2024
2668:2024
2632:ISBN
2613:2020
2571:2018
2530:2024
2473:2024
2429:2021
2412:2018
2291:The
2235:pods
2221:Food
2216:Uses
1998:The
1778:Raf.
1262:Raf.
738:tree
715:The
682:var.
672:nana
670:var.
658:var.
646:var.
634:var.
622:var.
610:var.
598:var.
586:var.
556:nana
500:nana
498:var.
478:var.
426:var.
392:nana
390:var.
354:var.
296:List
5559:WFO
5487:RHS
5363:NBN
5288:ISC
5210:FoC
5184:FNA
5122:EoL
5096:CoL
4898:224
4808:doi
4804:178
4756:doi
4744:186
4708:doi
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