33:
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1705:(AMFE) is a high-powered digital radio signal that was sent on 9 October 2008, toward Gliese 581c. The signal is a digital time capsule containing 501 messages that were selected through a competition on the social networking site Bebo. The message was sent using the Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope radar telescope of the National Space Agency of Ukraine. The signal will reach Gliese 581 in early 2029.
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discovery of Gliese 581f were instead associated with the stellar activity cycle rather than an orbiting planet. Nevertheless, the existence of planet g remained controversial: Vogt responded in the media that he stood by the discovery and questions arose as to whether the effect was due to the assumption of circular rather than eccentric orbits or the statistical methods used.
40:
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6889:
937:), so such an estimate will underestimate the star's total luminosity. (For comparison, the peak emission of the Sun is roughly 530 nm, in the middle of the visible part of the spectrum.) When radiation over the entire spectrum is taken into account (not just the part that humans are able to see), something known as the bolometric correction, this star has a
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1421:, Steven Vogt was asked what he thought about the chances of life existing on Gliese 581g. Vogt was optimistic: "I'm not a biologist, nor do I want to play one on TV. Personally, given the ubiquity and propensity of life to flourish wherever it can, I would say that ... the chances of life on this planet are 100%. I have almost no doubt about it."
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In 1994 Edward Weis concluded that Gliese 581, like half the 43 dwarf M stars he studied over a multi-year period, showed long term variability (and page 1137, Fig 1 shows Gliese 581 had magnitude 10.58 in 1982 and between 10.57 and 10.56 from 1985 to 1990). Bonfils noted in 2005 that Gliese 581 "has
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instruments. The proposed planet Gliese 581f was thought to be a 7 Earth-mass planet in a 433-day orbit and too cold to support liquid water. The candidate planet Gliese 581g attracted more attention: nicknamed
Zarmina's World by one of its discoverers, the predicted mass of Gliese 581g was between 3
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Using the assumption that the noise present in the data was correlated (red noise rather than white noise), Roman Baluev called into question not only the existence of planet g, but Gliese 581d as well, suggesting there were only three planets (Gliese 581b, c, and e) present. This result was further
3604:
Forveille, Thierry; Bonfils, Xavier; Delfosse, Xavier; Alonso, Roi; Udry, Stéphane; Bouchy, François; Gillon, Michaël; Lovis, Christophe; Neves, Vasco; Mayor, Michel; Pepe, Francesco; Queloz, Didier; Santos, Nuno C.; Ségransan, Damien; Almenara, José M.; Deeg, Hans-Jörg; Rabus, Markus (12 September
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At the outer edge of the system is a massive debris disk containing more comets than the Solar System. The debris disc has an inclination between 30° and 70°. If the planetary orbits lie in the same plane, their masses would be between 1.1 and 2 times the minimum mass values. This is supported by a
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In 2012, the
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research at Curtin University in Perth, Gliese 581 was precisely targeted by Australian Long Baseline Array using three radio telescope facilities across Australia and the Very Long Baseline Interferometry technique, however no candidate signals
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Gliese 581e is the innermost planet and, with a mass of 2.5 Earth masses, is the least massive of the three. Discovered in 2009, it is also the most recent confirmed planet to have been discovered in this system. It takes 3.15 days to complete an orbit. Initial analyses suggested that the planet's
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Bayesian analysis found no clear evidence for a fifth planetary signal in the combined HIRES/HARPS data set, though other studies led to the conclusion that the data did support the existence of planet g, albeit with strong degeneracies in the parameters as a result of the first eccentric harmonic
1503:
Analysis of the radial velocity data has produced several models for the orbital arrangement of the system. 3-planet, 4-planet, 5-planet and 6-planet models have been proposed to address the available radial velocity data, with the current consensus being a 3-planet model (e, b, c). Most of these
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to exist on the surface of a planetary body, given favourable atmospheric conditions. Gliese 581d was estimated to receive about 30% of the intensity of light the Earth receives from the Sun. By comparison, sunlight on Mars has about 40% of the intensity of that on Earth, though if high levels of
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was detectable, and the relevant measurements were included in a paper uploaded to the arXiv preprint server, though still unpublished in a refereed journal. The non-existence of Gliese 581f was accepted relatively quickly: it was shown that the radial velocity variations that led to the claimed
2293:
Bonfils, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Delfosse, Xavier; Udry, Stéphane; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Bouchy, François; Pepe, Francesco; Queloz, Didier; Bertaux, Jean-Loup (2005). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets VI: A Neptune-mass planet around the nearby M dwarf Gl 581".
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and 4 Earth-masses, with an orbital period of 37 days. The orbital distance was calculated to be well within the star's habitable zone, though the planet was expected to be tidally locked with one side of the planet always facing the star. In an interview with Lisa-Joy
Zgorski of the
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An M-class dwarf star such as Gliese 581 has a much lower mass than the Sun, causing the core region of the star to fuse hydrogen at a significantly lower rate. From the apparent magnitude and distance, astronomers have estimated an effective temperature of 3200 K and a visual
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its star. The mass of the planet is 6.8 times that of Earth. The planet initially attracted attention as being potentially habitable, though this has since been discounted. The mean blackbody surface temperature has been estimated to lie between −3 °C (for a Venus-like
1476:." While a response was published questioning the methodology of this study, all subsequent studies of the radial velocity data have confirmed the stellar, rather than planetary, origin of the signal corresponding to Gliese 581d, though some dispute has remained.
1381:. The orbital period of Gliese 581d was originally thought to be 83 days but was later revised to a lower value of 67 days. The revised orbital distance would place it at the outer limits of the habitable zone, the distance at which it is believed possible for
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Gliese 581d was a candidate exoplanet thought to orbit Gliese 581, which was at one point heavily disputed, and has been found by a number of studies to be a false positive originating from stellar activity. The planet's minimum mass was thought to be
945:. A planet would need to be situated much closer to this star in order to receive a comparable amount of energy as the Earth. The region of space around a star where a planet would receive roughly the same energy as the Earth is sometimes termed the "
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von
Stauffenberg, A.; Trifonov, T.; Quirrenbach, A.; et al. (5 June 2024). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Revisiting the GJ 581 multi-planetary system with new Doppler measurements from CARMENES, HARPS, and HIRES".
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Models of the habitable zone of Gliese 581 show that it extends from about 0.1 to 0.25 AU. The three confirmed planets orbit closer to the star than the inner edge of the habitable zone, while planets g and d would have orbited within it.
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been classified as a variable star (HO Lib), but its variability (Weis 1994) is only marginally significant. If real it would be on a time scale of several years, with short term variability being at most ~0.006 mag." Measurements by
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Trifonov, T.; Kürster, M.; et al. (February 2018). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems".
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at 20 light years away. However, its observation history has been controversial due to false detections, and the radial velocity method yields little information about the planets themselves beyond their orbit and mass.
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combined with the rotation of the star. However, the measured variability is close to the margin of error, and, if real, is most likely a long term variability. Its brightness is stable to 1%. Gliese 581 emits X-rays.
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claimed to orbit Gliese 581, but its existence was ultimately refuted. It was thought to orbit with a period of 36.6 days at a distance of 0.146 AU, placing it within the habitable zone, and to have a minimum mass of
1914:
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Gliese 581f was a candidate exoplanet claimed to orbit Gliese 581, but its existence was ultimately refuted. It was thought to orbit with a period of 433 days at a distance of 0.758 AU, and to have a minimum mass of
1919:
1308:
The Gliese 581 planetary system is the gravitationally bound system comprising the star Gliese 581 and the objects that orbit it. The system is known to consist of at least three planets discovered using the
775:, and it is the 101st closest known star system to the Sun. Gliese 581 is one of the oldest, least active M dwarfs known. Its low stellar activity improves the likelihood of its planets retaining significant
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Robertson, Paul; Endl, Michael; Cochran, William D.; Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E. (2013). "Hα Activity of Old M Dwarfs: Stellar Cycles and Mean
Activity Levels for 93 Low-mass Stars in the Solar Neighborhood".
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Gliese 581c is the third planet orbiting Gliese 581. It was discovered in April 2007. In their 2007 paper, Udry et al. asserted that if Gliese 581c has an Earth-type composition, it would have a radius of
2826:
Udry, Stéphane; Bonfils, Xavier; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Bouchy, François; Lovis, Christophe; Pepe, Francesco; Queloz, Didier; Bertaux, Jean-Loup (2007).
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Robertson, Paul; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Endl, Michael; Roy, Arpita (6 March 2015). "Response to
Comment on "Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581"".
1556:, which would have made it at the time "the most Earth-like of all known exoplanets". A direct measurement of the radius cannot be taken because, viewed from Earth, the planet does not
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Gliese 581b is the most massive planet known to be orbiting Gliese 581 and was the first to be discovered. It is about 20 times the mass of Earth and completes an orbit in 5.37 days.
1664:. Its orbital period was thought to be 66.87 days long, with a semi-major axis of 0.21847 AU, with an unconstrained eccentricity. Analysis suggested that it orbits within the star's
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The orbits of the Gliese 581 planetary system, based on a 2009 study which proposed a four-planet model (e, b, c, d). In the picture, Gliese 581c is the third planet from the star.
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models predict, however, that the inner planets are close in with circular orbits, while outer planets, particularly Gliese 581d, should it exist, are on more elliptical orbits.
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Moore, Matthew (9 October 2008). "Messages from Earth sent to distant planet by Bebo". .telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
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Suárez
Mascareño, A.; et al. (September 2015), "Rotation periods of late-type dwarf stars from time series high-resolution spectroscopy of chromospheric indicators",
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1464:-mass planets beyond 0.75 AU. However another (undiscovered) planet further out, say a Neptune-mass planet at 5 AU, might be required to keep the comet belt replenished.
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Reylé, Céline; Jardine, Kevin; Fouqué, Pascal; Caballero, Jose A.; Smart, Richard L.; Sozzetti, Alessandro (30 April 2021). "The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era".
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The radial velocity method allows the determination of the minimum mass which is the product of the true mass with the sine of the orbital inclination, denoted
1771:. This catalog gives a maximum magnitude of 10.56 and minimum of magnitude 10.58 for a relatively low 20 mmag (0.020 magnitudes) variability. For full data see
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spectrometer it was the fifth planet to be discovered around a red dwarf. Further observations by the same group resulted in the detection of two more planets,
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Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Tuomi, Mikko (6 March 2015). "Comment on "Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581"".
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Dragomir, D.; et al. (2012). "A Search for
Transits of GJ 581e and Characterization of the Host Star Variability Using MOST Space Telescope Photometry".
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2262:
957:. Gliese 581 is a very old star. Its slow rotation makes it very inactive, making it better suited than most red dwarfs for having habitable planets.
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Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2010). "The Lick-Carnegie
Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581".
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2034:{\displaystyle {\begin{smallmatrix}{\frac {L_{V_{\ast }}}{L_{V_{\odot }}}}=10^{0.4\left(M_{V_{\odot }}-M_{V_{\ast }}\right)}\end{smallmatrix}}}
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orbit is quite elliptical but after correcting the radial velocity measurements for stellar activity, the data now indicate a circular orbit.
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The confirmed planets are believed to be located close to the star with near-circular orbits. In order of distance from the star, these are
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Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data
Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007–2013)".
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Mikko Tuomi (2011). "Bayesian re-analysis of the radial velocities of Gliese 581. Evidence in favour of only four planetary companions".
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belt "at 25 ± 12 AU to more than 60 AU". It must have "at least 10 times" as many comets as does the Solar system. This likely rules out
6917:
6155:
6130:
5877:
5197:
4060:; Endl, Michael; Roy, Arpita (3 July 2014). "Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581".
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2058:. In general the inclination is unknown. For a given inclination, the true mass is therefore the minimum mass multiplied by 1/sin
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type, and has been given the variable star designation HO Librae. This is a star that exhibits variability because of the presence of
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1565:) and 40 °C (for an Earth-like albedo), however, the temperatures could be much higher (about 500 degrees Celsius) due to a
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1397:, also by the Observatory of Geneva and using data from the HARPS instrument, was announced on 21 April 2009. This planet, at a
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J.-F. Lestrade; et al. (2012). "A DEBRIS Disk Around The Planet Hosting M-star GJ581 Spatially Resolved with Herschel".
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Hatzes, Artie P. (January 2016). "Periodic Hα variations in GL 581: Further evidence for an activity origin to GL 581d".
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Guillem Anglada-Escudé (2010). "Aliases of the first eccentric harmonic : Is GJ 581g a genuine planet candidate?".
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1778:"The combined table of GCVS Vols I-III and NL 67-78 with improved coordinates, General Catalogue of Variable Stars"
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4479:"Magnitude-squared Coherence: A Powerful Tool for Disentangling Doppler Planet Discoveries from Stellar Activity"
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is "an artifact of stellar activity which, when incompletely corrected, causes the false detection of the planet
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3751:"Swiss team fails to confirm recent discovery of an extrasolar planet that might have right conditions for life"
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3266:"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets, XVIII. An Earth-mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system"
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Selsis, Franck; Kasting, James F.; Levrard, Benjamin; Paillet, Jimmy; Ribas, Ignasi; Delfosse, Xavier (2007).
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On 27 November 2012, the European Space Agency announced that the Herschel space observatory had discovered a
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of 1.9 Earths, was at the time the least massive confirmed exoplanet identified around a main-sequence star.
1349:. The letters represent the discovery order, with b being the first planet to be discovered around the star.
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claimed to have detected an unexplained pulse of light from the direction of the Gliese 581 system in 2008.
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Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E.; Delgado, Victor Ramirez; Harrell, Justin; Haley, Charlotte L. (1 April 2022).
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4734:"First Habitable Exoplanet? Climate Simulation Reveals New Candidate That Could Support Earth-Like Life"
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Lopez-Morales, M.; et al. (2006). "Limits to Transits of the Neptune-mass planet orbiting Gl 581".
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2011). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXII. Only 4 planets in the Gl~581 system".
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are present in the planetary atmosphere, the greenhouse effect could keep temperatures above freezing.
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Rene Andrae; Tim Schulze-Hartung; Peter Melchior (2010). "Dos and don'ts of reduced chi-squared".
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2903:"The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars"
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3965:"The impact of red noise in radial velocity planet searches: Only three planets orbiting GJ581?"
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of 0.2% of that of the Sun. However, a red dwarf such as Gliese 581 radiates primarily in the
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showed short term variability of about 5 mmag (half a percent) over a period of a few weeks.
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A 2024 study, in addition to confirming evidence for a three-planet system, determined the
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of the Geneva Observatory reported that in a new analysis of 179 measurements taken by the
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von Bloh, W.; et al. (2008). "Habitability of Super-Earths: Gliese 581c & 581d".
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von Bloh, W.; et al. (2008). "Habitability of Super-Earths: Gliese 581c and 581d".
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by Rory Barnes & Richard Greenberg, Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona
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were known. The planets' true masses are about 30% greater than their minimum masses.
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Computer models suggest planetary and extrasolar planet atmospheres – A gas, gas, gas
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Gliese 581 – The "Red Dwarf" and implications for its "earthlike" planet Gliese 581c
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von Bloh, W.; et al. (2007). "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581".
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2829:"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XI. Super-Earths (5 and 8
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VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S
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of the planets. This allowed their true masses to be determined; previously only
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5103:
5097:
5092:
5087:
2961:
1925:
1875:
1825:
1661:
1630:
1599:
1546:
1532:
1517:
1469:
1409:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1358:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1314:
1202:
1124:
1043:
910:
906:
894:
780:
478:
156:
105:
4572:
4545:
4513:
4478:
2937:
2902:
2671:
2634:
6775:
6653:
6572:
6016:
5710:
5634:
5537:
5369:
5354:
5349:
5309:
4711:
4546:"The Once-canceled Habitable-zone Super-Earth Gliese 581d Might Indeed Exist!"
4170:"'Habitable' planet GJ 581d previously dismissed as noise probably does exist"
3364:
1744:
1725:
2024 study, which found an inclination for the planetary orbits of about 47°.
1680:
1639:
1612:
1219:
1141:
1060:
934:
918:
886:
776:
756:
342:
284:
178:
4522:
2558:
6795:
6532:
6527:
6342:
6317:
6024:
5823:
5667:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5578:
5573:
5555:
5532:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5344:
5339:
4847:
4333:
4235:
4103:
3722:
2758:
2607:
1605:
969:
926:
878:
748:
4341:
4266:"Reanalysis of data suggests 'habitable' planet GJ 581d really could exist"
4243:
4111:
3999:
3964:
2085:"NASA and NSF-Funded Research Finds First Potentially Habitable Exoplanet"
823:
6517:
6492:
6404:
6397:
6292:
6223:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5736:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5182:
4982:
3230:
3194:
2308:
2211:
1909:{\displaystyle {\begin{smallmatrix}M_{V_{\odot }}=4.83\end{smallmatrix}}}
1859:{\displaystyle {\begin{smallmatrix}M_{V_{\ast }}=11.59\end{smallmatrix}}}
1369:
in France. Detected in August 2005 and using extensive data from the ESO/
953:. The extent of such a zone is not fixed and is highly specific for each
922:
619:
561:
5862:
4776:"Claim of Alien Signal from Planet Gliese 581g Called 'Very Suspicious'"
3718:"Astronomer Stands By Discovery of Alien Planet Gliese 581g Amid Doubts"
3264:
Mayor, Michel; Bonfils, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; et al. (2009).
1648:
and its radius, assuming an Earth-like composition, was estimated to be
1495:
6302:
6277:
5981:
5828:
5644:
4806:"First SETI Search of Gliese 581 Finds No Signs of ET - Universe Today"
873:
6785:
6297:
6205:
5750:
5624:
2635:"Living with a Red Dwarf: The Rotation-Age Relationships of M Dwarfs"
2357:
2182:
1562:
1461:
1035:
867:
842:
760:
647:
470:
355:
289:
5006:
1604:
Gliese 581g, unofficially known as Zarmina's World, was a candidate
6852:
4544:
Cuntz, Manfred; Engle, Scott G.; Guinan, Edward F. (January 2024).
4495:
4443:
4382:
4316:
4218:
3114:
3087:
2919:
2705:
2653:
2589:
2541:
2433:
2228:
2145:
4694:
4638:
4076:
3981:
3921:
3876:
3821:
3788:
3644:
3611:
3411:
3347:
3287:
3150:
3047:
2980:
2855:
1570:
1457:
1437:
1370:
890:
846:
822:
764:
6067:
5239:
3088:"The X-Ray View of the Low-Mass Stars in the Solar Neighborhood"
994:
901:. Its mass is estimated to be approximately a third that of the
791:
Gliese 581 is known at least from 1886, when it was included in
615:
253:
237:
5866:
5186:
5010:
2410:
Weis, E. W. (1994). "Long term variability in dwarf M stars".
1018:
902:
772:
733:
2129:
Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties"
3086:
Schmitt, J. H. M. M; Fleming, T. A; Giampapa, M. S. (1995).
1585:. Gliese 581c completes a full orbit in just under 13 days.
3451:"Keck Observatory discovers the first Goldilocks exoplanet"
739:
2736:
5046:
4934:
4886:
All Wet? Astronomers Claim Discovery of Earth-like Planet
3805:"Bayesian Re-analysis of the Gliese 581 Exoplanet System"
1668:, where the temperatures are just right to support life.
1573:. Some astronomers believe the system may have undergone
727:
4675:
4673:
2123:
Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023).
4835:
Major Discovery: New Planet Could Harbor Water and Life
3685:"Exoplanet Wars: "First Habitable World" May Not Exist"
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2198:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
1357:
The first announcement of a planet around the star was
4472:
4470:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
6841:
6806:
Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact
4932:
Speculation about geology/geochemistry of Gliese 581c
2633:
Engle, Scott G.; Guinan, Edward F. (September 2023).
1922:
1872:
1822:
1468:
supported by a 2014 study, whose authors argued that
1424:
Two weeks after the announcement of the discovery of
771:. Its estimated mass is about a third of that of the
736:
2901:
Pineda, J. Sebastian; et al. (September 2021).
1701:
and Active SETI searches for extraterrestrial life.
1317:. The system's notability is due primarily to early
925:, with peak emission at a wavelength of roughly 830
730:
6726:
6662:
6601:
6556:
6414:
6214:
6119:
6083:
6036:
5993:
5966:
5959:
5900:
5816:
5758:
5749:
5727:
5666:
5617:
5564:
5546:
5518:
5383:
5247:
5238:
5126:
5080:
5064:
4682:
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
3530:"Recently Discovered Habitable World May Not Exist"
3335:
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
2255:"General Catalogue of Variable Stars Query results"
1329:and the system's relatively close proximity to the
724:
3565:"Doubt Cast on Existence of Habitable Alien World"
2570:
2568:
2033:
1908:
1858:
1780:. Sternberg Astronomical Institute. Archived from
1697:The Gliese 581 system has been the target of both
835:refers to the catalog number from the 1957 survey
6186:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
6176:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
3969:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
3809:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2577:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1408:proposed two additional planets, Gliese 581f and
6473:Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
4295:
4293:
3624:
3622:
2244:(page 2 of pre-print submitted 9 September 2006)
1916:, the visual luminosity can be calculated from,
1581:, with a composition similar to icy bodies like
1321:discoveries, between 2008 and 2010, of possible
5050:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4197:
4195:
4131:
4129:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
3938:"Do missing Jupiters mean massive comet belts?"
3571:. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018
865:). It does not have an individual name such as
815:. The corresponding designation is BD -7 4003.
6933:Planetary systems with three confirmed planets
5878:
5198:
5022:
4977:Earth-like planet found that may support life
4619:
4617:
4615:
4361:
4359:
4138:"Earthlike Planets May Be Merely an Illusion"
3497:"New Planet May Be Able to Nurture Organisms"
2759:"Gliese 581 and the Stellar Activity Problem"
2363:Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg
1816:Taking the absolute magnitude of Gliese 581,
827:Size of the Sun (left) and Gliese 581 (right)
110:−07° 43′ 20.1895″
8:
4908:Photo of Constellation Libra with Gliese 581
4902:Position of Gliese 581 marked on local space
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
2684:
2682:
2628:
2626:
1440:spectrograph over 6.5 years, neither planet
1404:On 29 September 2010, astronomers using the
807:
798:
52:Location of Gliese 581 in the constellation
6781:History of the extraterrestrial life debate
6478:Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal
4920:Artist conceptions of planets of Gliese 581
2962:"Habitable planets around the star Gl 581?"
1577:and Gliese 581c may have formed beyond the
893:. It is located about two degrees north of
70:J2000.0
6096:Planetary habitability in the Solar System
5963:
5885:
5871:
5863:
5755:
5724:
5663:
5244:
5205:
5191:
5183:
5029:
5015:
5007:
1866:, with the absolute magnitude of the Sun,
4693:
4637:
4571:
4512:
4494:
4442:
4381:
4315:
4217:
4093:
4075:
3998:
3980:
3920:
3875:
3838:
3820:
3787:
3643:
3610:
3410:
3346:
3286:
3149:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3113:
3046:
2979:
2936:
2918:
2854:
2704:
2670:
2652:
2606:
2588:
2540:
2307:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2210:
2162:
2144:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2011:
2006:
1991:
1986:
1973:
1956:
1951:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1887:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1837:
1832:
1823:
1821:
755:M3V which hosts a planetary system, 20.5
6523:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
6191:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
1494:
1393:The next discovery was the inner planet
980:
779:, and lessens the sterilizing impact of
6953:Objects with variable star designations
6848:
6328:Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2784:Schönfeld, Eduard; et al. (1886).
2753:
2751:
2075:
1756:
933:, which assumes the star radiates as a
221:
3582:
3509:from the original on 14 September 2017
3224:Rincon, P.; Amos, J. (21 April 2009).
3219:
3217:
2265:from the original on 23 September 2021
20:
6229:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
4812:from the original on 27 February 2021
4746:from the original on 31 December 2019
3944:from the original on 30 November 2012
3202:from the original on 10 November 2012
2796:from the original on 23 December 2015
2491:From apparent magnitude and parallax.
2459:Matthews, J. M.; et al. (2007).
2347:
2345:
2343:
7:
6181:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
6166:Habitability of neutron star systems
5926:Viking lander biological experiments
3697:from the original on 13 October 2010
3528:Kerr, Richard A. (12 October 2010).
3012:from the original on 4 November 2018
905:, and it is the 101st closest known
6156:Habitability of binary star systems
6131:Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems
3490:. Event occurs at 41:25–42:31. See
3457:. 29 September 2010. Archived from
2473:from the original on 7 October 2022
1769:General Catalogue of Variable Stars
1453:with the outer planet Gliese 581d.
849:. Other names of this star include
241:
6791:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
6634:Hypothetical types of biochemistry
6161:Habitability of natural satellites
4959:Washington University in St. Louis
4150:from the original on 29 March 2019
3683:Grossman, Lisa (12 October 2010).
3563:Mullen, Leslie (12 October 2010).
3238:from the original on 24 April 2009
3226:"Lightest exoplanet is discovered"
3190:"New 'super-Earth' found in space"
2765:from the original on 29 April 2019
2461:"MOST Exoplanet System Photometry"
39:
14:
6171:Habitability of red dwarf systems
4014:Carlisle, Camille (3 July 2014).
3936:ESA Herschel (27 November 2012).
3544:from the original on 6 April 2023
2640:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1924:
1874:
1824:
1735:Habitability of red dwarf systems
1361:discovered by astronomers at the
268:158.7183 ± 0.0301
6887:
6875:
6863:
6851:
6323:Life Investigation For Enceladus
5849:
5848:
5166:
5156:
5155:
4862:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
4786:from the original on 19 May 2021
4774:Chow, Denise (11 October 2010).
4600:from the original on 11 May 2021
4278:from the original on 20 May 2015
4180:from the original on 31 May 2022
4136:Quenqua, Douglas (7 July 2014).
4026:from the original on 7 July 2014
3840:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18877.x
3730:from the original on 1 July 2012
2259:Sternberg Astronomical Institute
982:The Gliese 581 planetary system
838:Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars
720:
38:
31:
2179:Gaia DR3 record for this source
857:, first known publication) and
841:of 965 stars located within 20
16:Star in the constellation Libra
6313:Journey to Enceladus and Titan
4964:Extrasolar Planet Interactions
3749:Cowen, Ron (13 October 2010).
3716:Wall, Mike (13 October 2010).
1763:Gliese 581 is classified as a
1589:Doubtful and disproven planets
960:Gliese 581 is classified as a
1:
6446:Berkeley SETI Research Center
6146:Extraterrestrial liquid water
949:", or, more prosaically, the
6766:Extraterrestrials in fiction
6639:Interplanetary contamination
6136:Circumstellar habitable zone
6020:(unusual light fluctuations)
6012:(unusual light fluctuations)
6004:(unusual light fluctuations)
4430:Astronomy & Astrophysics
4369:Astronomy & Astrophysics
4016:"The Planet That is No More"
3864:Astronomy & Astrophysics
3481:Press Release 10-172 – Video
2843:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2692:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2533:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2446:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1011:
998:
993:
986:
897:, the brightest star in the
6624:Extraterrestrial hypothesis
4461:10.1051/0004-6361/201731442
4400:10.1051/0004-6361/201527135
3894:10.1051/0004-6361/201015995
3429:10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/954
3305:10.1051/0004-6361/200912172
3168:10.1051/0004-6361/201220325
2723:10.1051/0004-6361/202140985
2551:10.1051/0004-6361/202449375
2326:10.1051/0004-6361:200500193
2164:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940
1419:National Science Foundation
6984:
6918:M-type main-sequence stars
6338:Mars sample-return mission
5230:Libra in Chinese astronomy
4656:10.1051/0004-6361:20077939
4626:Astronomy and Astrophysics
3274:Astronomy and Astrophysics
3138:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2998:10.1051/0004-6361:20078091
2967:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2873:10.1051/0004-6361:20077612
2296:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2133:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1628:
1597:
1544:
1530:
1515:
6091:Earliest known life forms
5846:
5723:
5662:
5220:
5147:
5044:
4925:28 September 2011 at the
4869:AstronomyCast: Gliese 581
4712:10.1017/S1743921308017031
4551:Research Notes of the AAS
3662:10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/3
3632:The Astrophysical Journal
3589:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3399:The Astrophysical Journal
3365:10.1017/S1743921308017031
3093:The Astrophysical Journal
3065:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/2
3034:The Astrophysical Journal
2907:The Astrophysical Journal
2241:V* HO Lib ... BY Draconis
1567:runaway greenhouse effect
1289:
863:variable star designation
640:
578:
571:
567:
322:
317:
313:
184:
177:
127:
123:10.56 to 10.58
64:
26:
6456:Breakthrough Initiatives
4995:Earth's Twin Discovered?
4840:24 December 2010 at the
4573:10.3847/2515-5172/ad1de4
4514:10.3847/1538-3881/ac52ed
4483:The Astronomical Journal
3486:11 February 2021 at the
2938:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea
2672:10.3847/2041-8213/acf472
2413:The Astronomical Journal
1290:25 ± 12 AU–>60
805:—the fourth part of the
6560:extraterrestrial beings
6151:Galactic habitable zone
5000:1 December 2011 at the
4988:5 December 2010 at the
4936:The Geochemical Society
4913:6 February 2009 at the
4891:13 October 2007 at the
4874:16 October 2010 at the
4853:10 October 2008 at the
4648:2007A&A...476.1365V
4453:2018A&A...609A.117T
4392:2016A&A...585A.144H
4334:10.1126/science.1260974
4236:10.1126/science.1260796
4104:10.1126/science.1253253
3886:2011A&A...528L...5T
3297:2009A&A...507..487M
3160:2012A&A...548A..86L
2990:2007A&A...476.1373S
2865:2007A&A...469L..43U
2836:) in a 3-planet system"
2790:Southern Durchmusterung
2737:https://gruze.org/10pc/
2715:2021A&A...650A.201R
2318:2005A&A...443L..15B
2155:2023A&A...674A...1G
931:Wien's displacement law
787:History of observations
382:Luminosity (bolometric)
299:Absolute magnitude
134:Evolutionary stage
117:Apparent magnitude
6958:Durchmusterung objects
6708:Planetarium hypothesis
6698:Hart–Tipler conjecture
6683:Dark forest hypothesis
6673:Aestivation hypothesis
6392:Venus In Situ Explorer
6196:Planetary habitability
5985:(misidentified quasar)
5977:(misidentified pulsar)
5225:List of stars in Libra
5214:Constellation of Libra
5058:
4848:Gliese 581 / HO Librae
4593:NASA Exoplanet Archive
2091:. NASA. Archived from
2035:
1910:
1860:
1500:
1311:radial velocity method
943:Sun's total luminosity
828:
808:
799:
6943:Gliese and GJ objects
6928:Libra (constellation)
6923:BY Draconis variables
6811:Post-detection policy
6713:Rare Earth hypothesis
6538:Voyager Golden Record
6431:Allen Telescope Array
6266:Enceladus Life Finder
6201:Superhabitable planet
5894:Extraterrestrial life
5057:
4942:11 April 2009 at the
4881:SETI Range Calculator
3963:Roman Baluev (2013).
3495:(29 September 2010).
2742:12 March 2023 at the
2608:10.1093/mnras/stv1441
2036:
1911:
1861:
1498:
1363:Observatory of Geneva
939:bolometric luminosity
826:
810:Bonner Durchmusterung
407:Luminosity (visual, L
6801:Planetary protection
6688:Firstborn hypothesis
6678:Berserker hypothesis
6649:Mediocrity principle
6466:Breakthrough Message
6084:Life in the Universe
5134:A Message from Earth
4000:10.1093/mnras/sts476
3763:on 29 September 2012
3638:(1): article id. 3.
1920:
1870:
1820:
1765:BY Draconis variable
1708:Using optical SETI,
1703:A Message from Earth
1325:orbiting within its
990:(in order from star)
288:(6.300 ± 0.001
283:20.549 ± 0.004
6938:Circumstellar disks
6614:Directed panspermia
6593:Reptilian humanoids
6461:Breakthrough Listen
6441:Arecibo Observatory
6387:Titan Mare Explorer
5960:Signals of interest
5920:Murchison meteorite
5908:Shergotty meteorite
5161:Category:Gliese 581
4954:5 July 2008 at the
4897:Scientific American
4704:2008IAUS..249..503V
4564:2024RNAAS...8...20C
4505:2022AJ....163..169D
4326:2015Sci...347.1080R
4228:2015Sci...347.1080A
4086:2014Sci...345..440R
4020:Sky & Telescope
3991:2013MNRAS.429.2052B
3831:2011MNRAS.415.2523G
3654:2013ApJ...764....3R
3421:2010ApJ...723..954V
3357:2008IAUS..249..503V
3106:1995ApJ...450..392S
3057:2012ApJ...759....2D
2929:2021ApJ...918...40P
2663:2023ApJ...954L..50E
2599:2015MNRAS.452.2745S
2426:1994AJ....107.1135W
2397:2009yCat....102025S
2221:2006PASP..118.1506L
1740:Lists of exoplanets
1575:planetary migration
1481:orbital inclination
1367:Grenoble University
1365:in Switzerland and
1353:Observation history
1323:terrestrial planets
983:
899:Libra constellation
769:Libra constellation
641:Database references
527:Rotational velocity
23:
6736:Ancient astronauts
6333:Mars Geyser Hopper
6261:Enceladus Explorer
5901:Events and objects
5272:γ (Zubenelhakrabi)
5267:β (Zubeneschamali)
5059:
4969:5 May 2016 at the
4904:(Top right corner)
4143:The New York Times
4058:Mahadevan, Suvrath
3502:The New York Times
2890:on 8 October 2010.
2735:Data available at
2205:(849): 1506–1509.
2031:
2029:
2028:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1501:
981:
885:M3V, located 20.5
829:
573:Other designations
167:Variable type
146:Spectral type
21:
6948:Hipparcos objects
6839:
6838:
6369:SpaceX Red Dragon
6284:Rosalind Franklin
6079:
6078:
5938:Allan Hills 84001
5932:Allan Hills 77005
5860:
5859:
5842:
5841:
5745:
5744:
5719:
5718:
5658:
5657:
5262:α (Zubenelgenubi)
5180:
5179:
5038:Gliese 581 system
4688:(S249): 503–506.
4070:(6195): 440–444.
4056:Robertson, Paul;
3461:on 22 August 2013
3453:(Press release).
3198:. 25 April 2007.
1964:
1306:
1305:
1022:
1009:
991:
929:(estimated using
713:
712:
634: 5594-1093-1
541:<2.0 km/s
6975:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6856:
6855:
6847:
6816:San Marino Scale
6756:Brookings Report
6703:Neocatastrophism
6609:Cosmic pluralism
6583:Little green men
6558:Types of alleged
6483:Astrolinguistics
6072:
6064:
6063:(unknown origin)
6060:Fast radio burst
6056:
6048:
6029:
6028:(unknown origin)
6025:HD 164595 signal
6021:
6013:
6005:
5986:
5978:
5964:
5914:Nakhla meteorite
5887:
5880:
5873:
5864:
5852:
5851:
5756:
5725:
5664:
5279:(Zuben Elakribi)
5245:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5184:
5172:Portal:Astronomy
5170:
5159:
5158:
5139:Hello from Earth
5049:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5008:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4697:
4677:
4668:
4667:
4641:
4621:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4516:
4498:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4446:
4423:
4412:
4411:
4385:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4319:
4310:(6226): 1080–b.
4297:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4274:. 9 March 2015.
4262:
4256:
4255:
4221:
4212:(6226): 1080–b.
4199:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4133:
4124:
4123:
4097:
4079:
4053:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3984:
3975:(3): 2052–2068.
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3879:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3842:
3824:
3815:(3): 2523–2545.
3803:Gregory (2011).
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3759:. Archived from
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3647:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3588:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3455:Keck Observatory
3447:
3441:
3440:
3414:
3394:
3377:
3376:
3350:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3315:. Archived from
3290:
3270:
3261:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3153:
3133:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3050:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
2983:
2974:(3): 1373–1387.
2957:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2922:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2883:. Archived from
2858:
2840:
2823:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2755:
2746:
2734:
2708:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2656:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2592:
2583:(3): 2745–2756,
2572:
2563:
2562:
2544:
2527:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2465:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2349:
2338:
2337:
2311:
2309:astro-ph/0509211
2290:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2214:
2212:astro-ph/0609255
2192:
2186:
2176:
2166:
2148:
2120:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2095:on 10 March 2013
2080:
2063:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1929:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1814:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1773:data description
1761:
1688:
1659:
1647:
1620:
1569:akin to that of
1431:
1427:
1406:Keck Observatory
1274:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1016:
1003:
989:
984:
977:Planetary system
955:planetary system
877:. The star is a
813:
802:
793:Eduard Schönfeld
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
635:
628:
589:
559:
557:
520:
518:
512:
510:
490:
488:
468:
466:
446:
444:
392:
390:
367:
365:
340:
338:
247:
243:
231:
229:
223:
207:
205:
128:Characteristics
120:
100:
95:
65:Observation data
42:
41:
35:
24:
6983:
6982:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6972:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6888:
6886:
6876:
6874:
6864:
6862:
6850:
6842:
6840:
6835:
6831:Xenoarchaeology
6821:Technosignature
6722:
6658:
6644:Kardashev scale
6597:
6559:
6552:
6548:Xenolinguistics
6513:Project Phoenix
6503:Project Cyclops
6488:Lincos language
6451:Bracewell probe
6436:Arecibo message
6417:
6410:
6308:Icebreaker Life
6210:
6122:
6115:
6075:
6070:
6062:
6054:
6046:
6032:
6027:
6019:
6011:
6003:
5989:
5984:
5976:
5955:
5896:
5891:
5861:
5856:
5838:
5834:IRAS 14348-1447
5812:
5741:
5715:
5654:
5630:2MASS 1507−1627
5613:
5560:
5542:
5514:
5379:
5234:
5216:
5211:
5181:
5176:
5143:
5122:
5076:
5060:
5056:
5047:
5040:
5035:
5002:Wayback Machine
4990:Wayback Machine
4971:Wayback Machine
4956:Wayback Machine
4944:Wayback Machine
4927:Wayback Machine
4915:Wayback Machine
4893:Wayback Machine
4876:Wayback Machine
4855:Wayback Machine
4842:Wayback Machine
4831:
4826:
4825:
4815:
4813:
4808:. 5 June 2012.
4804:
4803:
4799:
4789:
4787:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4742:. 16 May 2011.
4732:
4731:
4727:
4679:
4678:
4671:
4623:
4622:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4425:
4424:
4415:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4299:
4298:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4183:
4181:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4095:10.1.1.767.2071
4055:
4054:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4013:
4012:
4008:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3581:
3574:
3572:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3493:Overbye, Dennis
3491:
3488:Wayback Machine
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3396:
3395:
3380:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3322:on 21 May 2009.
3319:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3135:
3134:
3123:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3013:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2761:. 3 July 2014.
2757:
2756:
2749:
2744:Wayback Machine
2688:
2687:
2680:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2529:
2528:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2351:
2350:
2341:
2292:
2291:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2122:
2121:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2083:Smith, Yvette.
2082:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2054: sin
2053:
2049:
2045:
2027:
2026:
2007:
2002:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1952:
1947:
1935:
1930:
1918:
1917:
1902:
1901:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1852:
1851:
1833:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1784:on 20 June 2017
1776:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1731:
1722:
1695:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1591:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1493:
1429:
1425:
1355:
1313:, along with a
1270:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1015:
1002:
988:
979:
947:Goldilocks Zone
821:
819:Characteristics
789:
723:
719:
636:
630:
623:
584:
555:
553:
533: sin
516:
514:
508:
506:
486:
484:
464:
462:
442:
440:
430:Surface gravity
422:
419:
410:
400:
397:
388:
386:
375:
372:
363:
361:
348:
345:
336:
334:
304:
287:
245:
240:
227:
225:
203:
201:
196:
191:Radial velocity
115:
98:
93:Right ascension
91:
66:
60:
59:
58:
57:
56:
50:
49:
48:
47:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6981:
6979:
6971:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6905:
6904:
6897:
6896:
6884:
6872:
6860:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6732:
6730:
6728:Related topics
6724:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6718:Zoo hypothesis
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6669:
6667:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6619:Drake equation
6616:
6611:
6605:
6603:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6564:
6562:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6498:Pioneer plaque
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6422:
6420:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6401:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6371:
6366:
6358:
6350:
6348:Northern Light
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6275:
6272:Europa Clipper
6268:
6263:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6218:
6216:Space missions
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6071:(radio signal)
6065:
6057:
6055:(inconclusive)
6049:
6047:(radio source)
6040:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6022:
6014:
6009:EPIC 204278916
6006:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5979:
5970:
5968:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5867:
5858:
5857:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5764:
5762:
5753:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5733:
5731:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5650:WISE 1541−2250
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5570:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5524:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5187:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5163:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5107:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4992:
4980:
4974:
4961:
4946:
4929:
4917:
4905:
4899:
4883:
4878:
4866:
4858:
4857:Solstation.com
4845:
4830:
4829:External links
4827:
4824:
4823:
4797:
4766:
4757:
4725:
4669:
4632:(3): 1365–71.
4611:
4579:
4536:
4466:
4413:
4355:
4289:
4257:
4191:
4161:
4125:
4037:
4006:
3955:
3928:
3907:
3854:
3795:
3774:
3741:
3708:
3675:
3618:
3596:
3555:
3520:
3472:
3442:
3405:(1): 954–965.
3378:
3325:
3281:(1): 487–494.
3249:
3213:
3181:
3121:
3115:10.1086/176149
3100:(9): 392–400.
3078:
3023:
2952:
2893:
2849:(3): L43–L47.
2833:
2830:
2807:
2776:
2747:
2678:
2622:
2564:
2493:
2484:
2466:. p. 80.
2451:
2439:
2434:10.1086/116925
2402:
2375:
2339:
2302:(3): L15–L18.
2276:
2246:
2229:10.1086/508904
2187:
2106:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1900:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1850:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1809:
1795:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1710:Ragbir Bhathal
1694:
1691:
1684:
1673:
1670:
1666:habitable zone
1660:, making it a
1655:
1643:
1629:Main article:
1626:
1623:
1616:
1598:Main article:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1553:
1545:Main article:
1542:
1539:
1531:Main article:
1528:
1525:
1516:Main article:
1513:
1510:
1492:
1489:
1485:minimum masses
1434:Francesco Pepe
1388:carbon dioxide
1354:
1351:
1327:habitable zone
1319:exoplanetology
1304:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1179:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1101:
1089:
1080:
1068:
1064:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1013:Orbital period
1010:
1000:Semimajor axis
997:
992:
978:
975:
951:habitable zone
913:) to the Sun.
820:
817:
800:Durchmusterung
788:
785:
781:stellar flares
711:
710:
705:
702:
701:
696:
693:
692:
687:
684:
683:
678:
675:
674:
669:
666:
665:
660:
657:
656:
651:
643:
642:
638:
637:
627: 36853511
579:
576:
575:
569:
568:
565:
564:
551:
543:
542:
539:
522:
521:
504:
496:
495:
482:
474:
473:
460:
452:
451:
438:
425:
424:
420:
417:
413:
408:
403:
402:
398:
395:
384:
378:
377:
373:
370:
359:
351:
350:
346:
343:
332:
324:
323:
320:
319:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
302:
294:
293:
281:
273:
272:
266:
257:
256:
219:
210:
209:
199:
194:
186:
185:
182:
181:
175:
174:
169:
163:
162:
159:
152:
151:
148:
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
125:
124:
121:
112:
111:
108:
102:
101:
99:15 19 26.82694
96:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
62:
61:
51:
45:
44:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6980:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6901:
6895:
6885:
6883:
6873:
6871:
6861:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6845:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6725:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:Fermi paradox
6661:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6629:Fermi paradox
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6588:Nordic aliens
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6568:Energy beings
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6555:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6418:communication
6413:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6118:
6112:
6111:Life on Titan
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6101:Life on Venus
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6069:
6066:
6061:
6058:
6053:
6050:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6035:
6026:
6023:
6018:
6015:
6010:
6007:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5983:
5980:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:Misidentified
5965:
5962:
5958:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5944:Yamato 000593
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5888:
5883:
5881:
5876:
5874:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5855:
5845:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5729:Star clusters
5726:
5722:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5208:
5203:
5201:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5162:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4540:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4271:Astronomy Now
4267:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
4007:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3956:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3929:
3923:
3918:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3796:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3775:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3745:
3742:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3712:
3709:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3556:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3521:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3326:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3024:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2777:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2208:
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2156:
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2138:
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2128:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2069:
2047:
2044:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1898:
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1879:
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1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1454:
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1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1432:, astronomer
1422:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
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1368:
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1348:
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1328:
1324:
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1316:
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1301:
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1287:
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1283:
1279:
1277:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1226:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1180:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1129:
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1126:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1102:
1090:
1081:
1069:
1067:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1007:
1001:
996:
985:
976:
974:
971:
967:
963:
962:variable star
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:near infrared
920:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:spectral type
880:
876:
875:
870:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:
834:
825:
818:
816:
814:
812:
811:
804:
801:
794:
786:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:spectral type
750:
744:
717:
709:
706:
704:
703:
700:
697:
695:
694:
691:
688:
686:
685:
682:
679:
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670:
668:
667:
664:
661:
659:
658:
655:
652:
650:
649:
645:
644:
639:
633:
626:
621:
618: 39886,
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598: 74995,
597:
593:
587:
582:
577:
574:
570:
566:
563:
552:
550:
549:
545:
544:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
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523:
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458:
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450:
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435:
431:
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414:
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405:
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401:
385:
383:
380:
379:
376:
360:
358:
357:
353:
352:
349:
333:
331:
330:
326:
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321:
316:
312:
308:
306:
300:
296:
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280:
279:
275:
274:
271:
267:
265:
263:
259:
258:
255:
251:
239:
235:
220:
218:
216:
215:Proper motion
212:
211:
200:
198:
192:
188:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
160:
158:
154:
153:
149:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:Main sequence
137:
135:
132:
131:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:
109:
107:
104:
103:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
83:
81:
80:Constellation
78:
77:
73:
69:
63:
55:
34:
25:
19:
6968:Wolf objects
6899:
6894:Solar System
6826:UFO religion
6771:Extremophile
6751:Biosignature
6746:Astroecology
6741:Astrobiology
6693:Great Filter
6508:Project Ozma
6416:Interstellar
6403:
6396:
6374:
6362:Perseverance
6361:
6353:
6283:
6270:
6253:
6246:
6239:
6141:Earth analog
6123:habitability
6106:Life on Mars
5640:HE 1523-0901
5527:
5507:
5365:σ (Brachium)
5278:
5117:
5109:
5102:
5071:
5037:
4935:
4861:
4814:. Retrieved
4800:
4788:. Retrieved
4779:
4769:
4760:
4748:. Retrieved
4739:ScienceDaily
4737:
4728:
4685:
4681:
4629:
4625:
4602:. Retrieved
4591:
4582:
4555:
4549:
4539:
4486:
4482:
4434:
4428:
4373:
4367:
4307:
4301:
4280:. Retrieved
4269:
4260:
4209:
4203:
4182:. Retrieved
4174:ScienceDaily
4173:
4164:
4152:. Retrieved
4141:
4067:
4061:
4028:. Retrieved
4019:
4009:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3946:. Retrieved
3931:
3910:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3777:
3765:. Retrieved
3761:the original
3756:Science News
3754:
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3721:
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3688:
3678:
3635:
3631:
3599:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:Astrobiology
3568:
3558:
3546:. Retrieved
3533:
3523:
3513:30 September
3511:. Retrieved
3500:
3475:
3465:29 September
3463:. Retrieved
3459:the original
3445:
3402:
3398:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3317:the original
3278:
3272:
3240:. Retrieved
3229:
3204:. Retrieved
3193:
3184:
3141:
3137:
3097:
3091:
3081:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3014:. Retrieved
2971:
2965:
2955:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2885:the original
2846:
2842:
2798:. Retrieved
2789:
2786:"BD -7 4003"
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2696:
2690:
2644:
2638:
2580:
2576:
2532:
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2454:
2442:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2356:
2299:
2295:
2267:. Retrieved
2249:
2240:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:the original
2088:
2078:
2046:
1812:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:the original
1759:
1723:
1716:were found.
1714:
1707:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1652:
1640:
1634:
1613:
1603:
1550:
1536:
1521:
1506:
1502:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1423:
1403:
1399:minimum mass
1392:
1383:liquid water
1356:
1336:
1331:Solar System
1307:
1285:
1201:
1123:
1042:
1026:Eccentricity
959:
941:1.2% of the
915:
911:brown dwarfs
872:
866:
858:
855:BD catalogue
850:
836:
832:
830:
806:
796:
790:
763:) away from
715:
714:
699:f (artifact)
646:
614: 6112,
602: 1195,
546:
534:
530:
525:
499:
477:
455:
433:
428:
406:
381:
354:
327:
297:
276:
260:
213:
189:
18:
6963:TIC objects
6882:Outer space
6870:Spaceflight
6761:Exotheology
6573:Grey aliens
6426:Active SETI
6354:Opportunity
6234:BioSentinel
6052:Wow! signal
6001:KIC 8462852
5950:CI1 fossils
5696:Gliese 581b
5676:23 Librae b
5151:- Disproven
5118:Gliese 581f
5111:Gliese 581d
5104:Gliese 581g
5098:Gliese 581c
5093:Gliese 581b
5088:Gliese 581e
3948:27 November
3534:Science Now
3341:: 503–506.
2769:16 December
2420:(3): 1138.
1720:Debris disk
1672:Gliese 581f
1662:super-Earth
1631:Gliese 581d
1625:Gliese 581d
1600:Gliese 581g
1594:Gliese 581g
1547:Gliese 581c
1541:Gliese 581c
1533:Gliese 581b
1527:Gliese 581b
1518:Gliese 581e
1512:Gliese 581e
1470:Gliese 581d
1444:nor planet
1430:Gliese 581g
1426:Gliese 581f
1410:Gliese 581g
1395:Gliese 581e
1379:Gliese 581d
1375:Gliese 581c
1359:Gliese 581b
1347:Gliese 581c
1343:Gliese 581b
1339:Gliese 581e
1315:debris disk
1286:Debris disk
1031:Inclination
966:BY Draconis
909:(including
907:star system
895:Beta Librae
887:light-years
851:BD-07° 4003
777:atmospheres
757:light-years
622: 562,
610: 564,
606: 394,
594: 581,
479:Metallicity
457:Temperature
415:0.002
246:−97.229(27)
157:color index
106:Declination
22:Gliese 581
6913:Gliese 581
6907:Categories
6796:Noogenesis
6776:Hemolithin
6654:Panspermia
6602:Hypotheses
6578:Insectoids
6543:Water hole
6044:SHGb02+14a
6017:VVV-WIT-07
5686:γ Librae b
5668:Exoplanets
5635:Gliese 555
5072:Gliese 581
4496:2201.13342
4489:(4): 169.
4444:1710.01595
4383:1512.00878
4317:1503.02565
4219:1503.01976
3767:13 October
3734:13 October
3701:12 October
3575:24 January
3548:24 January
3206:20 October
3016:4 November
2920:2106.07656
2800:15 October
2706:2104.14972
2654:2307.01136
2647:(2): L50.
2590:1506.08039
2542:2407.11520
2146:2208.00211
2070:References
1745:Gliese 876
1638:6.98
1579:frost line
970:star spots
935:black body
919:luminosity
889:away from
833:Gliese 581
716:Gliese 581
519:0.9 d
511:6.3 d
432:(log
208: km/s
179:Astrometry
46:Gliese 581
6666:solutions
6533:setiQuest
6528:SETI@home
6343:Mars 2020
6318:Laplace-P
6255:Dragonfly
6240:Curiosity
6121:Planetary
5711:WASP-189b
5385:Flamsteed
4844:Space.com
4816:4 January
4780:Space.com
4720:113406160
4695:0712.3219
4639:0705.3758
4604:1 January
4558:(1): 20.
4531:246430514
4523:0004-6256
4350:206562664
4184:4 January
4120:206556796
4090:CiteSeerX
4077:1407.1049
3982:1209.3154
3922:1011.0186
3877:1102.3314
3822:1101.0800
3789:1012.3754
3723:Space.com
3670:119178575
3645:1211.6091
3612:1109.2505
3412:1009.5733
3373:113406160
3348:0712.3219
3288:0906.2780
3151:1211.4898
3048:1211.0577
3041:(1): 2f.
2981:0710.5294
2947:235435757
2913:(1): 23.
2881:119144195
2856:0704.3841
2731:233476431
2617:119181646
2559:0004-6361
2368:21 August
2173:244398875
2013:∗
2000:−
1993:⊙
1958:⊙
1941:∗
1889:⊙
1839:∗
1679:7.0
1650:2.2
1611:3.1
1606:exoplanet
987:Companion
879:red dwarf
859:HO Librae
831:The name
797:Southern
749:red dwarf
119: (V)
6518:SERENDIP
6493:NIROSETI
6405:Viking 2
6398:Viking 1
6303:Foton-M3
6293:ExoLance
6224:Beagle 2
5854:Category
5751:Galaxies
5737:NGC 5897
5520:Variable
5127:Messages
4998:Archived
4986:Archived
4967:Archived
4952:Archived
4940:Archived
4923:Archived
4911:Archived
4889:Archived
4872:Archived
4864:: Gl 581
4851:Archived
4838:Archived
4810:Archived
4784:Archived
4744:Archived
4664:14475537
4598:Archived
4588:"GJ 581"
4437:: A117.
4408:55623630
4376:: A144.
4342:25745157
4276:Archived
4244:25745156
4178:Archived
4148:Archived
4112:24993348
4024:Archived
3942:Archived
3902:11439465
3849:38331034
3728:Archived
3695:Archived
3585:cite web
3542:Archived
3507:Archived
3484:Archived
3242:21 April
3236:Archived
3231:BBC News
3200:Archived
3195:BBC News
3176:53704989
3073:54956486
3010:Archived
3006:11492499
2794:Archived
2763:Archived
2740:Archived
2699:: A201.
2477:27 April
2468:Archived
2449:page L15
2353:"GJ 581"
2334:59569803
2269:27 April
2263:Archived
2237:15156619
2089:nasa.gov
1788:27 April
1729:See also
1583:Ganymede
1296:30° – 70
751:star of
654:The star
588:−07 4003
501:Rotation
421:☉
399:☉
374:☉
347:☉
301: (M
278:Distance
262:Parallax
230:.278(37)
74:J2000.0
6844:Portals
6382:Tanpopo
6278:ExoMars
5982:CTA-102
5974:CP 1919
5829:IC 1059
5645:WASP-57
5081:Planets
4700:Bibcode
4644:Bibcode
4560:Bibcode
4501:Bibcode
4449:Bibcode
4388:Bibcode
4322:Bibcode
4303:Science
4252:5118513
4224:Bibcode
4205:Science
4082:Bibcode
4063:Science
3987:Bibcode
3882:Bibcode
3827:Bibcode
3650:Bibcode
3437:3163906
3417:Bibcode
3353:Bibcode
3313:2983930
3293:Bibcode
3156:Bibcode
3144:: A86.
3102:Bibcode
3053:Bibcode
2986:Bibcode
2925:Bibcode
2861:Bibcode
2711:Bibcode
2659:Bibcode
2595:Bibcode
2447:Bonfils
2422:Bibcode
2393:Bibcode
2314:Bibcode
2217:Bibcode
2151:Bibcode
1767:in the
1558:transit
1491:Planets
1247:−0.0007
1245:+0.0008
1242:12.9211
1235:−0.0009
1233:+0.0008
964:of the
874:Procyon
845:of the
843:parsecs
767:in the
761:parsecs
747:) is a
318:Details
72:Equinox
6786:MERMOZ
6375:Spirit
6298:EXPOSE
6248:Darwin
6206:Tholin
5952:(2011)
5946:(2000)
5940:(1984)
5934:(1977)
5928:(1976)
5922:(1969)
5916:(1911)
5910:(1865)
5625:2M1510
5609:141937
5604:141569
5599:140283
5594:139139
5589:134440
5584:134439
5579:133131
5574:133112
5509:30 Ser
5165:
5154:
4979:Ctv.ca
4790:19 May
4750:16 May
4718:
4662:
4529:
4521:
4406:
4348:
4340:
4282:27 May
4250:
4242:
4154:8 July
4118:
4110:
4092:
4030:4 July
3900:
3870:: L5.
3847:
3668:
3435:
3371:
3311:
3174:
3071:
3004:
2945:
2879:
2729:
2615:
2557:
2358:SIMBAD
2332:
2235:
2183:VizieR
2171:
2139:: A1.
2099:9 June
1563:albedo
1462:Saturn
1345:, and
1259:−0.021
1257:+0.027
1230:0.0718
1218:
1175:−0.010
1173:+0.009
1170:0.0342
1165:0.0001
1161:5.3686
1156:0.0005
1152:0.0399
1140:
1097:−0.008
1095:+0.015
1087:0.0004
1083:3.1481
1078:0.0003
1059:
1036:Radius
868:Sirius
648:SIMBAD
581:HO Lib
560:
491:
469:
447:
393:
368:
356:Radius
341:
248:
244:
232:
224:
172:BY Dra
6858:Stars
6377:rover
6364:rover
6356:rover
6286:rover
6242:rover
6037:Other
5994:Stars
5817:Other
5618:Other
5249:Bayer
5240:Stars
4716:S2CID
4690:arXiv
4660:S2CID
4634:arXiv
4527:S2CID
4491:arXiv
4439:arXiv
4404:S2CID
4378:arXiv
4346:S2CID
4312:arXiv
4248:S2CID
4214:arXiv
4116:S2CID
4072:arXiv
3977:arXiv
3917:arXiv
3898:S2CID
3872:arXiv
3845:S2CID
3817:arXiv
3784:arXiv
3690:Wired
3666:S2CID
3640:arXiv
3607:arXiv
3479:NSF.
3433:S2CID
3407:arXiv
3369:S2CID
3343:arXiv
3320:(PDF)
3309:S2CID
3283:arXiv
3269:(PDF)
3172:S2CID
3146:arXiv
3069:S2CID
3043:arXiv
3002:S2CID
2976:arXiv
2949:. 40.
2943:S2CID
2915:arXiv
2888:(PDF)
2877:S2CID
2851:arXiv
2839:(PDF)
2727:S2CID
2701:arXiv
2649:arXiv
2613:S2CID
2585:arXiv
2537:arXiv
2471:(PDF)
2464:(PDF)
2330:S2CID
2304:arXiv
2233:S2CID
2207:arXiv
2177:
2169:S2CID
2141:arXiv
1849:11.59
1751:Notes
1571:Venus
1458:comet
1438:HARPS
1414:HIRES
1371:HARPS
1254:0.032
1214:−1.16
1212:+0.21
1092:0.012
1071:0.027
1055:−0.42
1053:+0.70
891:Earth
881:with
847:Earth
765:Earth
759:(6.3
515:148.1
507:132.5
485:−0.08
463:3,500
387:0.012
366:0.005
362:0.302
339:0.010
335:0.295
242:Dec.:
202:−9.75
161:1.61
85:Libra
68:Epoch
54:Libra
6068:BLC1
5808:5917
5803:5898
5798:5890
5793:5885
5788:5861
5783:5793
5778:5792
5773:5728
5768:5605
5556:5455
5065:Star
4818:2021
4792:2021
4752:2011
4606:2022
4519:ISSN
4338:PMID
4284:2015
4240:PMID
4186:2021
4156:2014
4108:PMID
4032:2014
3950:2012
3769:2010
3736:2010
3703:2010
3591:link
3577:2018
3550:2018
3538:AAAS
3515:2010
3467:2010
3244:2009
3208:2008
3018:2018
2802:2015
2771:2018
2555:ISSN
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