85:(WHO) monitor human exposure over time in order to evaluate whether the Stockholm agreement is effective in reducing the release of these chemicals into the environment and ultimately human exposure. The surveys include human breast milk samples from a wide range of countries with large differences in food consumption patterns and environmental levels of POPs. In addition, maternal blood plasma is regularly monitored with standardized protocols such as the
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decreasing over time, information on environmental and human exposure levels of these chemicals should enable detection of trends. GMP looks at background levels of POPs at locations not influenced by local sources, such as ‘hot spots’. For human sampling, the focus is on the general population rather than on individuals who may have suffered high exposure to POPs.
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Monitoring data under the GMP are derived from existing international and regional programmes and activities, existing national programmes and activities, and national or regional arrangements and through capacity-building activities. National data are mostly available in developed countries, while
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Air monitoring data are indicators of environmental exposure to POPs. Ambient air is an important matrix because it has a very short response time to changes in atmospheric emissions. It is also an entry point into food chains and a medium of global transport of POPs loadings to the environment.
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is a programme that enables collection of comparable monitoring data from all regions of the world to assess the effectiveness of the
Stockholm Convention in minimizing human and environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). To know whether the levels of POPs are increasing or
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listed under the
Stockholm Convention. It provides a harmonized framework for the collection of comparable measurement data in air, human milk and blood and other media. The monitoring plan provides guidance on how information is to be collected, analyzed, statistically treated, and reported.
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Ambient air, and human milk and blood are used as core media for the sampling and analysis of POPs. Open ocean and coastal waters and large lakes serve as core media for sampling perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
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Global monitoring report under the global monitoring plan for effectiveness evaluation, Conference of the
Parties of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Fourth meeting
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27:
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Global
Monitoring of POPs (GMP)- January 2007 Second Meeting of the Provisional Ad Hoc Technical Working Group (TWG) on POPs Monitoring
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UNEP Workshop to
Develop a Global POPs Monitoring Programme to Support the Effectiveness Evaluation of the Stockholm Convention
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The objective of human monitoring within the GMP is to identify temporal and spatial trends in levels of POPs in humans.
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under the GMP uses human milk and maternal blood as core media. Among human monitoring activities under the GMP, the
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186:, Amended in May 2007, Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, February 2007
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capacity building projects and partnerships support data collection in developing countries.
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Human biomonitoring under the Global
Monitoring Programme is a principal subject of the
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Guidance on the Global
Monitoring Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants
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52:), its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOS-F).
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Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
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258:Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
87:Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
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7:
288:United Nations Environment Programme
131:United Nations Environment Programme
79:United Nations Environment Programme
205:, 24–27 March 2003, archived from
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1:
116:Persistent organic pollutant
101:Campaign Body Burden Forum.
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20:The Global Monitoring Plan
136:World Health Organization
83:World Health Organization
39:The programme covers 22
35:Scope and implementation
273:Safe Planet on Facebook
252:Official websites
238:, 30 January 2009
93:Awareness-raising
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60:Air monitoring
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164:on 2011-07-27
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75:Biomonitoring
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207:the original
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162:the original
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26:) under the
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268:Safe Planet
121:Safe Planet
99:Safe Planet
168:2011-06-06
142:References
81:(UNEP) /
16:Programme
282:Category
105:See also
89:(AMAP).
216:6 June
236:(PDF)
210:(PDF)
203:(PDF)
218:2011
50:PFOS
41:POPs
24:GMP
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22:(
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