Long-finned pilot whale - Knowledge (XXG)

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as a light coloured area behind dorsal fin, known as a saddle patch, as well as an upwards sweeping stripe just behind the eye. The dorsal fin is thick and falcate in nature, and is located about a third of the way down the length of the animal. The common name of this species is a reference to the pilot whale's long, sickle-shaped pectoral flippers that are 18 to 27 percent of its total body length. Being a toothed whale, pilot whales have a single

1020: 504: 496: 78: 569:. This species is notorious for mass strandings. During a specific time of year, approximately December to March, these whales beach themselves in high numbers along the coast of New Zealand. The reasons for stranding are not fully understood, but because pilot whales have strong social bonds, it is hypothesized that when one animal strands, the rest of the group may have the tendency to follow. 774:). Those in the north are wide-ranging and have been observed off the coast of the eastern U.S. and Canada, across the Atlantic in places such as the Azores and the Faroe Islands, as well as down the western coast of Europe all the way to the Strait of Gibraltar and North Africa. In the southern ocean, long-finned pilot whales are thought to range from 19 to 60° S, but are commonly seen in the 1066: 1094: 820:

with a newborn pilot whale travelling alongside her in a mother-calf position, leading to speculation that the relationship between both species might be far more complex than previously suggested. This same orca was seen a year later interacting with a larger group of pilot whales. Whether this newborn calf was adopted or abducted is unknown.

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currently listed by the IUCN as "Least Concern." Conservative estimates for the population found off Newfoundland estimated around 13,000 individuals. Another study estimated a total of 780,000 animals in the North Atlantic, though this study includes both short and long-finned pilot whales as they are hard to distinguish at sea.

931:, are mainly executed during the summer. They are generally regarded as non-commercial - though people may sell their share after the catch has been divided - and organized on a community level. The hunters first surround the pilot whales with a wide semicircle of many boats. The boats then drive the pilot whales into a 946:

Though the Faroe Islands are home to the only remaining large scale long-finned pilot whale hunts in the world, this species has also been hunted historically elsewhere. An industrial drive fishery was started in the Trinity Bay area of Newfoundland, Canada in 1947 by a Norwegian whaling captain. The

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It can be challenging to tell male and female apart in the wild for many cetacean species. Long-finned pilot whales are no exception, though it was thought in the past that males had hooked dorsal fins while females did not. Recent research on fin shape has shown that this is not a predictable way to

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Gestation lasts approximately 12 to 16 months and calving occurs once every 3 to 6 years. Calves are generally 1.6–2.0 m (5 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) at birth, and weigh about 75 kg (165 lb). Most calves are born in the summer, though some calving occurs throughout

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Long-finned pilot whales are very social in nature. They are usually seen in groups, which range in size from a couple of individuals to aggregations of over a thousand. However, 20 to 150 individuals are more commonly observed. Studies have shown that this species often forms small long-term social

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industry of some areas of the world, especially in eastern Canada. Even though there are a number of other species of whales found in the Gulf of the St. Lawrence and around Newfoundland, pilots are one of the more common ones sighted inshore during the summer season. The tour vessels used in these

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Chases of orcas have been documented in several parts of the world, including Iceland and the Strait of Gibraltar. It is thought that this might be due to either competition for prey or an anti-predation strategy by the long-finned pilot whales. Recently, an adult female Icelandic orca was observed

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Though long-finned pilot whales appear to be abundant, there have been no recent reliable estimates for the worldwide population and very little long-term baseline data collected for monitoring population trends. However, based on their apparent abundance and what information is available, they are

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and several other small whales. It has a bulbous forehead and is black or dark grey in colour with light-grey or white markings on the throat and belly regions. This light grey patch found on the throat of pilot whales forms the shape of an anchor. Some individuals have other distinct markings such

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Payne, P.M., Selzer, L.A. and Knowlton, A.T. (1984). Distribution and density of cetaceans, marine turtles, and seabirds in the shelf waters of the northeastern United States, June 1980-December 1983, from shipboard observations. Final Report, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries

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During the deeper collective dives of groups of long-finned pilot whales, females on the right and left flanks (periphery) are found to lead most often. This may function in a similar fashion to what is observed in cattle drives, where flanking riders are important for maintaining cohesion of the

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Buckland, S.T., Bloch, D., Cattanach, K.L., Gunnlaugsson, Th., Hoydal, K., Lens, S. and Sigurjónsson, J. (1993). Distribution and abundance of long-finned pilot whales in the North Atlantic, estimated from NASS-87 and NASS-89 data. Report of the International Whaling Commission. Special Issue 14:

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Females reach sexual maturity at about 8 years of age, while males reach sexual maturity at around 12 years of age. It seems that mating can take place at any time during the year, but it peaks in late spring/early summer for both northern and southern hemisphere populations. Mating is thought to

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in the species. Females grow to a maximum length of up to 6 m (20 ft), and a maximum weight of up to 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Males are significantly larger at up to 7.6 m (25 ft) in length, and weigh up to 4,500 kg (9,900 lb). This makes the long-finned pilot

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The North Sea and Baltic Sea populations of the long-finned pilot whale are listed on Appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), since they have an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation

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Though there are only two recognized living subspecies, there was once a third that was found in the western North Pacific around Japan. These are thought to have died off sometime between the 8th and 12th century. This unnamed form was documented in historical literature and confirmed by the

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Amos, B., Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Majerus, T.M.O., Bancroft, D.R., Barrett, J.A. and Dover, G.A. (1993). A review of molecular evidence relating to social organization and breeding system in the long-finned pilot whale. Report of the International Whaling Commission. Special Issue 14:

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Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Mouritsen, R., Skaaning, S. and Stefansson, E. (1993c). An introduction to studies of the ecology and status of the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) off the Faroe Islands, 1986-1988. Report of the International Whaling Commission. Special Issue 14:

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Bloch, D., Desportes, G., Mouritsen, R., Skaaning, S. and Stefansson, E. (1993). An introduction to studies of the ecology and status of the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) off the Faroe Islands, 1986-1988. Report of the International Whaling Commission. Special Issue 14:

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Recent studies have found that a large portion of their vocal repertoire is made up of calls produced in repeated sequences. These repetitions are more commonly heard when whales are socializing than any other behavioral state (e.g. foraging, traveling, and resting).

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investigations of the pilot whales driven ashore in the Faroese hunts have shown a relatedness amongst whales, suggesting a matrilineal structure within social units. This means that calves - females and perhaps the males as well - remain with their mothers for life.

943:, which does not regulate the hunts of small cetaceans. As of the end of November 2008 the chief medical officers of the Faroe Islands have recommended that pilot whales no longer be considered fit for human consumption because of the level of mercury in the whales. 1968:

Monteiro, Sílvia; Ferreira, Marisa; Vingada, José V.; López, Alfredo; Brownlow, Andrew; Méndez-Fernandez, Paula (2015). "Application of stable isotopes to assess the feeding ecology of long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean".

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The ranges of long-finned and short-finned pilot whales overlap in some areas of the world. As the difference between them is mainly distinguished by the length of the pectoral flippers and tooth counts, it is hard to tell the two species apart in these areas.

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in 1918. Though mass strandings of this species are most common in New Zealand, pilot whales have beached themselves in many other countries in places such as northern Europe, the Atlantic coast of North America, South America, and southern parts of Africa.

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Scientists have learned a number of important things from mass strandings of long-finned pilot whales around the world. Studies suggest that they do not always beach together in family units, as multiple matrilines can be found in a single stranding event.

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distinguish between the sexes. However, males are bigger in size, and relative fin dimensions as well as other characteristics may still be discovered to allow for distinguishing the sex of at least certain age classes for free-ranging pilot whales.

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Long-finned pilot whales make many different kinds of sounds. In addition to squeaks, whistles, buzzes, and other calls likely used for communicative functions, they also produce rapid clicks that function as a type of bio sonar known as

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Reeves, R.R., Smith, B.D., Crespo, R.A. and di Sciara, N. (2003). Dolphins, Whales and Porpoises: 2002–2010 Conservation Action Plan for the World's Cetaceans. Cetacean Specialist Group. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge,

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Fullard K.J.; Early G.; Heide-Jorgensen M.P.; Bloch D.; Rosing-Asvid A.; Amos W. (2000). "Population structure of long-finned pilot whales in the North Atlantic: A correlation with sea surface temperature?".

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Hay, K. (1982). Aerial line-transect estimates of abundance of humpback, fin, and long- finned pilot whales in the Newfoundland-Labrador area. Report of the International Whaling Commission, 32: 475-486.

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Augusto, Joana F.; Frasier, Timothy R.; Whitehead, Hal (2017). "Characterizing alloparental care in the pilot whale (Globicephala melas) population that summers off Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada".

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catches increased every year until in 1956, there were approximately 10,000 pilot whales successfully captured and killed. This species was also historically hunted along the New England coastline.

554:. Pilot whales mainly feed on cephalopods, though in certain regions fish may be more prominent in their diet. Northwestern Atlantic whales are thought to dine predominately on short-finned squid. 2548:

Population Models of the Long-Finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melaena) and Annual Production of the Short-Finned Squid (Illex illecebrosus) Based upon their Interaction at Newfoundland".

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Population Models of the Long-Finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melaena) and Annual Production of the Short-Finned Squid (Illex illecebrosus) Based upon their Interaction at Newfoundland".

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Jankowski, M. (2005). Long-finned pilot whale movement and social structure: residency, population mixing and identification of social units. M.Sc. thesis, Biology, Dalhousie University.

884: 880: 398:" is Greek for "black". This species has also earned the nickname of "pothead whale" in some places because the shape of its head reminded early whalers of black cooking pots. 2073:) and its relationship to behavior and environment. In: Behavior of Marine Animals, Vol. 3: Cetaceans. Edited by: Winn, H.E. and Olla, B.C., Plenum Press: New York, 345-368. 956: 597: 845:

Over 600 pilot whales were involved in a stranding at Farewell Spit, New Zealand on February 9, 2017. This was the second largest mass stranding event to be documented.

1929:"Differences in stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen between long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and their primary prey in the western north Atlantic" 2481: 2105:

Zwamborn, Elizabeth M. J.; Whitehead, Hal (2017). "Repeated call sequences and behavioural context in long-finned pilot whales off Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada".

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regions are normally old converted fishing vessels or zodiacs. In these places, pilot whales provide valuable income for people living in rural fishing communities.

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Zwamborn, E. (2016). Repeated call sequences in long-finned pilot whales: social setting, modification, and behavioral context. M.Sc. Thesis. Dalhousie University.

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The long-finned pilot whale is also covered by the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (

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Selbmann A.; Basran C.J.; Bertulli C.G.; Hudson T.; Mrusczok M.; Rasmussen M.H.; Rempel J.N.; Scott J.; Svavarsson J.; Weensveen, P.J; Whittaker M. (2022).

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Reeves, R.R., B.S. Stewart, P.J. Clapham and Powell, J.A. (2002). National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. Alfred A. Knopf: New York.

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These whales have also been observed babysitting calves that are not their own, with one study showing that many of those doing the babysitting are males.

2228:"Feeding ecology of the long finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas edwardii, in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, determined by stable isotopes analysis" 1851:

Baraff, Lisa S.; Asmutis-Silvia, Regina A. (1998). "Long-Term Association of an Individual Long-Finned Pilot Whale and Atlantic White-Sided Dolphins".

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Starting, Jones Jr; Carter D.C.; Genoways H.H.; Hoffman R.S.; Rice D.W. Jones (1986). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico".

596: 5427: 5422: 5081: 2777:"Genetic Evidence of Multiple Matrilines and Spatial Disruption of Kinship Bonds in Mass Strandings of Long-finned Pilot Whales, Globicephala melas" 5417: 5366: 5120: 588: 2181:"Application of stable isotopes to assess the feeding ecology of long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean" 5247: 1544: 1487: 1442: 1415: 1263: 1146: 2722:"First account of apparent alloparental care of a long-finned pilot whale calf (Globicephala melas) by a female killer whale (Orcinus orca)" 3016: 517: 382:

Pilot whales get their name from the original belief that there was a "pilot" or lead individual in their groups. The name for the genus, "

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L. Taylor, B.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; M. Dawson, S.; Ford, J.; G. Mead, J.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P.; L. Pitman, R. (2011).

883:) and the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia ( 5432: 5353: 5068: 2934: 5211: 3049: 1329: 1306: 658:

herd of cattle. The study also found that both mature males and juveniles can lead these dives, but that they do so far less often.

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Monteiro, Sílvia; Ferreira, Marisa; Vingada, José V.; López, Alfredo; Brownlow, Andrew; Méndez-Fernandez, Paula (1 April 2015).

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Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia

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The whistles and pulsed calls that pilot whales make seem not to fall into distinct types, but rather can be arranged on a

5185: 4212: 3937: 3928: 2440: 4741: 3758: 3749: 3681: 896: 547: 879:), the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and Their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region ( 460: 119: 5159: 4990: 4768: 3979: 3946: 3708: 630:. This allows the whales to "see" in the murky, dark environments that they live in by listening to the nature of the 4840: 1458: 778:

and other areas, showing that they go as far as 68° S. This species has been observed near sea ice in the Antarctic.

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Augusto, Joana F.; Frasier, Timothy R.; Whitehead, Hal (2013). "Using photography to determine sex in pilot whales (

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In accordance with the regulations, men and women gather on the shore to kill the beached whales, here in the town

875:), the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area ( 4873: 4864: 3791: 3199: 1795:

Amos B.; Schlotterer C.; Tautz D. (1993). "Social structure of pilot whales revealed by analytical DNA profiling".

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Despite its common name, the long-finned pilot whale is actually a large species of dolphin. The same is true of

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Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and Their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region

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Sergeant, D. E. (1962). "On the External Characters of the Blackfish or Pilot Whales (Genus Globicephala)".

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Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area

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Becker, Yamila A.; Fioramonti, Nicolás E.; Dellabianca, Natalia A.; Riccialdelli, Luciana (1 August 2021).

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Ottensmeyer A.; Whitehead H. (2003). "Behavioural evidence for social units in long-finned pilot whales".

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the year. There is evidence that some males may stay with their mothers after they reach sexual maturity.

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Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas

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Pilot whales have been occasionally observed harassing, mobbing or chasing other species of cetaceans.

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Aside from the Faroe Islands, a few pilot whales are taken opportunistically in Greenland each year.

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Nemiroff, L. (2009). Structural variation and communicative functions of long-finned pilot whale (

1888:"Relationship between pilot whales and Risso's dolphins at Santa Catalina Island, California, USA" 1194: 5278: 5216: 4831: 4054: 3863: 3854: 3839: 3830: 3559: 3550: 3253: 2743: 2702: 2421: 2130: 1768: 1733: 1621: 1099: 834: 481: 286: 114: 5384: 4296: 4287: 3690: 3624: 3615: 551: 5265: 5112: 2227: 53: 5340: 5016: 4697: 4379: 4370: 3782: 3699: 3410: 3401: 2798: 2694: 2473: 2413: 2357: 2294:"Feeding ecology of long-finned pilot whales Globicephala melas in the western North Atlantic" 2255: 2208: 1820: 1685: 1540: 1483: 1438: 1411: 1325: 1302: 1269: 1259: 1152: 1142: 1107: 1051: 706: 440: 366: 2720:

Mrusczok M.; Zwamborn E.; von Schmalensee M.; Rodriguez Ramallo S.; Stefansson R. A. (2023).

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The effects of whale-watching on long-finned pilot whales have not been well studied.

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occur when different groups meet up, and breeding within units is a rare occurrence.

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Hooker, Sascha K. (2009). Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M, eds.

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Gannon, DP; Read, AJ; Craddock, JE; Fristrup, KM; Nicolas, Jr. (20 March 1997).

2204: 2150:"Flanking female guides: collective decision making in long-finned pilot whales" 2149: 2069:

Taruski, A.G. (1979). The whistle repertoire of the north Atlantic pilot whale (

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Songs of long-finned pilot whales. The cracking noise is caused by echolocation.

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http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/pilotwhale_longfinned.htm

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range, which has been observed from less than 1 kHz to about 20 kHz.

3349: 3340: 3298: 3139: 2293: 1617: 1539:(2nd ed.). 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington Ma. 01803: Academic Press. p. 1173. 1479:

Monstrous Fishes and the Mead-Dark Sea: Whaling in the Medieval North Atlantic

1061: 1007: 967: 612: 562: 365:). Long-finned pilot whales are known as such because of their unusually long 4953: 2477: 2259: 2212: 1670: 5055: 4590: 4452: 3316: 3271: 3023:

Short Seasonal Absence of Long-Finned Pilot Whale in the Strait of Gibraltar

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Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification

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Handbook of Marine Mammals: The second book of dolphins and the porpoises

1003: 963: 920: 876: 872: 741: 535: 151: 5239: 2352: 2335: 2086:) pulsed calls and complex whistles. M.Sc. Thesis. Dalhousie University. 5086: 4397: 4263: 4159: 4150: 3806: 3226: 3059: 2775:

Oremus, Marc; Gales, Rosemary; Kettles, Helen; Baker, C. Scott (2013).

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The articulated skeleton of a long-finned pilot whale, killed in the

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in the North Atlantic has been practiced since the time of the first

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Long-finned pilot whales are found in the North Atlantic (subspecies

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Convention on Migratory Species page on the Long-finned pilot whale

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Leiper et Atkinson, 1914 (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) from the penis of

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whale the second largest member of the dolphin family, behind the

349: 104: 98: 5047: 1365:". In a letter from Thomas Stewart Traill, M.D. to Mr. Nicholson" 1251:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

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Long-finned pilot whales are the most common species involved in

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studied to date, in fact having almost twice as many as humans.

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Center, Woods Hole, MA, Contract No. NA-81-FA-C-00023. 246pp.

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Report of the Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME)

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Long-finned pilot whales are economically important in the

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NOAA. 2014. Long-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas).

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Whales and Dolphins, the Ultimate Guide to Marine Mammals

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Cawardine, M.; Hoyt, E.; Fordyce, R.E.; Gill, P. (1998).

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Jefferson, T.A., Webber. M.A., and Pitman, R.L. (2015).

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Among other parasites, long-finned pilot whales harbour

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Whale-watching vessel and long-finned pilot whales off

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for this species was reverted to its original form as "

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Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts

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Zwamborn, E. Z.; Walmsley, S.; Whitehead, H. (2023).

837:. The largest event consisted of 1,000 whales on the 803:, who are currently present in parts of this region. 2935:"Faroe islanders told to stop eating 'toxic' whales" 1596:

Nores C, Pérez C (1988). "Overlapping range between

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Stuarts' Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa

5315: 4937: 4886: 4862: 4695: 4671: 4630: 4588: 4571: 4543: 4534: 4497: 4488: 4460: 4451: 4405: 4396: 4359: 4350: 4322: 4313: 4285: 4234: 4193: 4176: 4148: 4124: 4115: 4052: 4028: 3968: 3909: 3876: 3852: 3828: 3804: 3771: 3730: 3661: 3637: 3613: 3572: 3548: 3524: 3473: 3456: 3399: 3390: 3362: 3338: 3242: 3225: 3171: 3147: 3138: 1654:"Quantitative relationships in delphinid neocortex" 2185:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 1971:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 770:), as well as the Southern Hemisphere (subspecies 2550:Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 2010:Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 1701: 1699: 542:These groups have been observed socializing with 2855:. Pacificcetaceans.org. Retrieved on 2014-01-04. 1836: 1834: 1316: 1314: 2275:"Globicephala melas (long-finned pilot whale)" 1459:"Globicephala melas — Long-finned Pilot Whale" 3043: 2615:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T9249A12972356.en 1195:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T9250A50356171.en 787:discovery of fossils in several locations of 406:This species was first classified in 1809 by 8: 2456:Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 1170:Minton, G.; Reeves, R.; Braulik, G. (2018). 807:Antagonistic interactions with other species 557:Long-finned pilot whales can often be seen 4925: 4585: 4540: 4494: 4457: 4402: 4356: 4319: 4190: 4121: 3470: 3453: 3436: 3396: 3239: 3144: 3135: 3118: 3050: 3036: 3028: 2544:Mercer, M. C. (1975). "Modified Leslie–De 2004:Mercer, M. C. (1975). "Modified Leslie–De 534:units made up of around 8-12 individuals. 280: Range of the long-finned pilot whale 267: 76: 52: 43: 34: 2968:. Whales and Whaling in the Faroe Islands 2962:"Whales and Whaling in the Faroe Islands" 2792: 2737: 2688: 2613: 2467: 2351: 1952: 1911: 1679: 1669: 1526:(2nd edition). Academic Press: San Diego. 1193: 1127:Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). 744:which is found exclusively in the penis. 386:" is derived from a combination of Latin 2843:. Accobams.org. Retrieved on 2014-01-04. 2831:. Ascobans.org. Retrieved on 2014-01-04. 2334:Amos B.; Barrett J.; Dover G.A. (1991). 1361:"Description of a new species of whale, 1285: 1283: 518:more neocortical neurons than any mammal 1410:. Elsevier. 26 June 2020. p. 485. 1119: 952: 2933:MacKenzie, Debora (28 November 2008). 2871:. UNEP/Convention on Migratory Species 610: 464:Skeleton of a long-finned pilot whale. 2439:Raga, J. A.; Balbuena, J. A. (1990). 1652:Mortensen, H.S.; et al. (2014). 1437:. Penguin Random House South Africa. 923:settlements there. The hunts, called 641:. These calls are produced in a wide 7: 5227:170eaef3-f17c-4754-a33b-2f0a3542b3cc 1463:Species Profile and Threats Database 1348:. London: Harper Collins Publishers. 5438:Taxa named by Thomas Stewart Traill 5408:IUCN Red List least concern species 2631:"みちのくの海のイルカたち(特集みちのくの海と水族館の海棲哺乳類)" 2601:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1476:Szabo, Vicki E. (31 January 2008). 1181:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 990:, the sea has turned red with blood 885:Western African Aquatic Mammals MoU 2988:"Long finned pilot whale skeleton" 2487:from the original on 20 July 2018. 1873:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00700.x 1507:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1407:Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes 1324:. Volume 6, Elsevier. pp. 245–69. 868:organised by tailored agreements. 499:Pilot whale cow and calf – Ireland 61:Size compared to an average human 27:"Calderon dolphin" redirects here. 25: 4072:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( 1289:Olson, P.A. (2008). "Pilot whale 2912:International Whaling Commission 2886:International Whaling Commission 2762:"Chatham Islands marine mammals" 2490: 2410:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00957.x 1583:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00546.x 1092: 1078: 1064: 995: 975: 955: 941:International Whaling Commission 670:, preying on various species of 611:Problems playing this file? See 593: 516:The long-finned pilot whale has 118: 5428:Cetaceans of the Southern Ocean 5423:Cetaceans of the Atlantic Ocean 4213:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise ( 4090:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin ( 3938:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin ( 3929:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( 1604:in the northeastern Atlantic". 1505:The New Encyclopedia of Mammals 1050:in 1867, was put on display at 5418:Cetaceans of the Pacific Ocean 3759:Southern right whale dolphin ( 3750:Northern right whale dolphin ( 3682:Atlantic white-sided dolphin ( 2301:Marine Ecology Progress Series 1933:ICES Journal of Marine Science 1892:Marine Ecology Progress Series 1537:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 1388:Occ Papers Mus Texas Tech Univ 1299:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 1256:Johns Hopkins University Press 1244:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). 1: 4796:Deraniyagala's beaked whale ( 4769:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale ( 3980:Pantropical spotted dolphin ( 3947:Australian humpback dolphin ( 3709:Pacific white-sided dolphin ( 2166:10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.09.007 2127:10.1080/09524622.2016.1233457 1431:Stuart, Chris (1 July 2017). 666:Long-finned pilot whales are 589:Long finned pilot whale calls 565:. Occasionally they may also 548:Atlantic white-sided dolphins 394:("head"). The specific name " 3792:Australian snubfin dolphin ( 3200:North Atlantic right whale ( 2596:"Globicephala macrorhynchus" 2441:"A new species of the genus 1482:. BRILL. pp. 168, 169. 897:Whaling in the Faroe Islands 4742:Blainville's beaked whale ( 4683:Tropical bottlenose whale ( 4659:Southern bottlenose whale ( 4650:Northern bottlenose whale ( 4099:Common bottlenose dolphin ( 3956:Atlantic humpback dolphin ( 3209:North Pacific right whale ( 2726:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2469:10.1051/parasite/1990655255 2205:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.01.007 1991:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.01.007 1753:Canadian Journal of Zoology 863:Current conservation status 772:Globicephala melas edwardii 260:Globicephala melas edwardii 5459: 4841:Stejneger's beaked whale ( 4222:Yangtze finless porpoise ( 4007:Atlantic spotted dolphin ( 3592:Short-finned pilot whale ( 2252:10.1007/s00300-021-02908-2 1598:Globicephala macrorhynchus 894: 776:Antarctic Convergence Zone 748:Distribution and abundance 544:common bottlenose dolphins 363:Globicephala macrorhynchus 26: 5433:Mammals described in 1809 4874:Shepherd's beaked whale ( 4417:Araguaian river dolphin ( 3601:Long-finned pilot whale ( 3452: 3435: 3134: 3117: 3067: 1658:Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 1618:10.1515/mamm.1988.52.1.51 801:short-finned pilot whales 693:recorded as prey include 524:Behavior and life history 292: 285: 275: 266: 253: 248: 230: 223: 115:Scientific classification 113: 96: 74: 65: 60: 51: 42: 37: 4760:Gervais's beaked whale ( 4715:Sowerby's beaked whale ( 4426:Bolivian river dolphin ( 1671:10.3389/fnana.2014.00132 1503:Macdonald, D.W. (2001). 1135:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 849:Research from strandings 768:Globicephala melas melas 359:short-finned pilot whale 311:Globicephala intermedius 256:Globicephala melas melas 38:Long-finned pilot whale 5217:long-finned-pilot-whale 4898:Cuvier's beaked whale ( 4823:Perrin's beaked whale ( 4787:Hector's beaked whale ( 4751:Ramari's beaked whale ( 4724:Andrews' beaked whale ( 4600:Arnoux's beaked whale ( 4273:Burmeister's porpoise ( 4040:Rough-toothed dolphin ( 3464:(Oceanic dolphins) 3263:Antarctic minke whale ( 1817:10.1126/science.8480176 1320:Ridgway, S. H. (1998). 915:of this species in the 905:Killed pilot whales in 782:Historical distribution 325:long-finned pilot whale 4609:Baird's beaked whale ( 4509:Ganges river dolphin ( 4435:Amazon river dolphin ( 3816:Orca or killer whale ( 3740:(Right whale dolphins) 3673:White-beaked dolphin ( 3191:Southern right whale ( 1954:10.1006/jmsc.1996.0192 1359:Traill, T. S. (1809). 1027: 935:or to the bottom of a 909: 737:Crassicauda carbonelli 582: 508: 507:Pilot whales – Ireland 500: 472: 465: 430:Anatomy and morphology 306:Globicephalus melaenus 5380:Paleobiology Database 5261:Paleobiology Database 4850:Spade-toothed whale ( 4814:True's beaked whale ( 4805:Strap-toothed whale ( 4778:Gray's beaked whale ( 4733:Hubbs' beaked whale ( 4618:Sato's beaked whale ( 4518:Indus river dolphin ( 4246:Spectacled porpoise ( 4062:(Bottlenose dolphins) 3503:Heaviside's dolphin ( 3485:Commerson's dolphin ( 3290:Pygmy Bryde's whale ( 2794:10.1093/jhered/est007 2739:10.1139/cjz-2022-0161 2037:Marine Mammal Science 1853:Marine Mammal Science 1563:Marine Mammal Science 1022: 986:during a Grindadráp, 904: 881:Pacific Cetaceans MoU 581: 506: 498: 471: 463: 418:". Then in 1986, the 408:Thomas Stewart Traill 4832:Pygmy beaked whale ( 4705:(Mesoplodont whales) 3864:False killer whale ( 3840:Melon-headed whale ( 3560:Pygmy killer whale ( 3254:Common minke whale ( 2279:Animal Diversity Web 2071:Globicephala melaena 1718:Journal of Mammalogy 1602:Globicephala melaena 1246:"Globicephala melas" 1217:"Appendices | CITES" 1188:: e.T9250A50356171. 962:Pilot whale hunt in 762:Current distribution 416:Globicephala melaena 410:and given the name " 390:("globe") and Greek 296:Globicephala melaena 4640:(Bottlenose whales) 4380:Dwarf sperm whale ( 4371:Pygmy sperm whale ( 4203:(Finless porpoises) 3919:(Humpback dolphins) 3783:Irrawaddy dolphin ( 3700:Hourglass dolphin ( 3411:Pygmy right whale ( 2781:Journal of Heredity 2402:2000MolEc...9..949F 2353:10.1038/hdy.1991.64 2313:1997MEPS..148....1G 2273:Preston, Julianne. 2244:2021PoBio..44.1655B 2197:2015JEMBE.465...56M 2119:2017Bioac..26..169Z 2049:2017MMamS..33..440A 1983:2015JEMBE.465...56M 1945:1997ICJMS..54..500A 1904:1995MEPS..123....5S 1865:1998MMamS..14..155B 1809:1993Sci...260..670A 1575:2013MMamS..29..213A 373:Taxonomy and naming 301:Globicephalus melas 68:Conservation status 5035:globicephala-melas 5009:globicephala-melas 4996:Globicephala_melas 4983:Globicephala_melas 4969:Globicephala melas 4939:Globicephala melas 4555:La Plata dolphin ( 4255:Harbour porpoise ( 4224:N. asiaeorientalis 4081:Burrunan dolphin ( 3649:Fraser's dolphin ( 3512:Hector's dolphin ( 2992:Leeds City Council 2914:. 1 September 2009 2447:Globicephala melas 2321:10.3354/meps148001 2084:Globicephala melas 1927:Abend, A. (1997). 1913:10.3354/meps123005 1886:Shane, SH (1995). 1559:Globicephala melas 1291:Globicephala melas 1174:Globicephala melas 1100:Marine life portal 1028: 910: 583: 509: 501: 473: 466: 234:Globicephala melas 18:Globicephala melas 5395: 5394: 4931:Taxon identifiers 4922: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4708: 4643: 4582: 4567: 4566: 4530: 4529: 4484: 4483: 4447: 4446: 4392: 4391: 4346: 4345: 4309: 4308: 4297:Dall's porpoise ( 4206: 4187: 4172: 4171: 4111: 4110: 4065: 4016:Spinner dolphin ( 3998:Striped dolphin ( 3989:Clymene dolphin ( 3922: 3743: 3691:Peale's dolphin ( 3625:Risso's dolphin ( 3585: 3494:Chilean dolphin ( 3467: 3446: 3431: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3386: 3385: 3236: 3221: 3220: 3184: 3128: 2994:. 18 October 2019 2882:"Small Cetaceans" 2629:Amano M. (2012). 2390:Molecular Ecology 2057:10.1111/mms.12377 1803:(5108): 670–672. 1545:978-0-12-373553-9 1489:978-90-474-3241-8 1444:978-1-77584-276-7 1417:978-0-12-816097-8 1297:". pp. 847–52 in 1265:978-0-8018-8221-0 1148:978-0-8018-8221-0 1108:List of cetaceans 1052:Leeds City Museum 707:Atlantic mackerel 598: 441:sexual dimorphism 321: 320: 315: 108: 91: 30:Species of mammal 16:(Redirected from 5450: 5388: 5387: 5375: 5374: 5362: 5361: 5349: 5348: 5336: 5335: 5334: 5308: 5307: 5295: 5294: 5282: 5281: 5269: 5268: 5256: 5255: 5243: 5242: 5230: 5229: 5220: 5219: 5207: 5206: 5194: 5193: 5191:NHMSYS0000080193 5181: 5180: 5168: 5167: 5155: 5154: 5142: 5141: 5129: 5128: 5116: 5115: 5103: 5102: 5090: 5089: 5077: 5076: 5064: 5063: 5051: 5050: 5038: 5037: 5025: 5024: 5012: 5011: 4999: 4998: 4986: 4985: 4973: 4972: 4971: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4926: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4586: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4541: 4495: 4458: 4419:I. araguaiaensis 4403: 4357: 4336:P. macrocephalus 4320: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4122: 4064: 4063: 4059: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3897:Guiana dolphin ( 3742: 3741: 3737: 3594:G. macrorhynchus 3584: 3583: 3579: 3536:Common dolphin ( 3471: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3454: 3445:(Toothed whales) 3444: 3437: 3397: 3374:Humpback whale ( 3256:B. acutorostrata 3240: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3145: 3136: 3126: 3119: 3052: 3045: 3038: 3029: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2878: 2872: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2796: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2741: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2692: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2635: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2556:(7): 1145–1154. 2541: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2511: 2505: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2471: 2462:(5–6): 255–261. 2453: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2355: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2298: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2238:(8): 1655–1667. 2223: 2217: 2216: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2154:Animal Behaviour 2145: 2139: 2138: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2080: 2074: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2016:(7): 1145–1154. 2001: 1995: 1994: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1848: 1842: 1838: 1829: 1828: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1759:(8): 1327–1338. 1748: 1742: 1741: 1713: 1707: 1703: 1694: 1693: 1683: 1673: 1649: 1643: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1554: 1548: 1533: 1527: 1520: 1509: 1508: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1341: 1332: 1318: 1309: 1295:G. muerorhynchus 1287: 1278: 1277: 1254:(3rd ed.). 1238: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1213: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1197: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1124: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1074: 1072:Cetaceans portal 1069: 1068: 1067: 1042:Museum specimens 999: 979: 959: 797:Chiba Prefecture 699:Atlantic herring 600: 599: 580: 552:Risso's dolphins 348:. It shares the 313: 281: 279: 271: 236: 123: 122: 102: 85: 80: 79: 56: 47: 35: 21: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5383: 5378: 5370: 5365: 5357: 5352: 5344: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5317:Delphinus melas 5311: 5303: 5298: 5290: 5285: 5277: 5272: 5264: 5259: 5251: 5246: 5238: 5235:Observation.org 5233: 5225: 5223: 5215: 5210: 5202: 5197: 5189: 5184: 5176: 5171: 5163: 5158: 5150: 5145: 5137: 5132: 5124: 5119: 5111: 5106: 5098: 5093: 5085: 5080: 5072: 5067: 5059: 5054: 5046: 5041: 5033: 5028: 5020: 5015: 5007: 5002: 4994: 4989: 4981: 4976: 4967: 4966: 4961: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4933: 4923: 4906: 4882: 4858: 4744:M. densirostris 4704: 4703: 4701: 4691: 4667: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4626: 4579:(Beaked whales) 4578: 4577: 4575: 4563: 4526: 4480: 4443: 4388: 4342: 4305: 4281: 4230: 4215:N. phocaenoides 4202: 4201: 4199: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4168: 4144: 4107: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4048: 4024: 4018:S. longirostris 4000:S. coeruleoalba 3964: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3905: 3872: 3848: 3824: 3800: 3785:O. brevirostris 3767: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3726: 3718:Dusky dolphin ( 3657: 3633: 3609: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3568: 3544: 3520: 3476:Cephalorhynchus 3463: 3462: 3460: 3448: 3419: 3382: 3376:M. novaeangliae 3358: 3334: 3308:Omura's whale ( 3281:Bryde's whale ( 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227:Balaenopteridae 3217: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3167: 3159:Bowhead whale ( 3130: 3127:(Baleen whales) 3113: 3063: 3056: 3013: 3008: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2945: 2943: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2814: 2810: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2681:10.1139/z03-127 2669:Acta Ethologica 2662: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2633: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2569: 2562:10.1139/f75-135 2543: 2542: 2538: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2484: 2451: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2373: 2369: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2081: 2077: 2068: 2064: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2022:10.1139/f75-135 2003: 2002: 1998: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1839: 1832: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1765:10.1139/z03-127 1750: 1749: 1745: 1730:10.2307/1376948 1715: 1714: 1710: 1704: 1697: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1637: 1633: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1534: 1530: 1521: 1512: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1490: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1445: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1418: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1363:Delphinus melas 1358: 1357: 1353: 1343: 1342: 1335: 1319: 1312: 1288: 1281: 1266: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1225: 1223: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1200: 1198: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1149: 1129:"Order Cetacea" 1126: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1084: 1077: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1044: 1017: 1010: 1000: 991: 980: 971: 960: 899: 893: 865: 860: 851: 839:Chatham Islands 835:mass strandings 831: 829:Mass strandings 826: 817: 809: 784: 764: 755: 750: 740:, a species of 732: 719: 664: 655: 653:Decision-making 623: 618: 617: 609: 607: 606: 605: 604: 601: 594: 591: 584: 578: 531: 529:Social behavior 526: 514: 458: 437: 432: 412:Delphinus melas 404: 380: 375: 346:oceanic dolphin 277: 276: 258: 244: 238: 232: 219: 117: 109: 92: 81: 77: 70: 31: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5445: 5443:Apex predators 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5400: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5376: 5363: 5350: 5337: 5321: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5296: 5283: 5270: 5257: 5244: 5231: 5221: 5208: 5195: 5182: 5169: 5156: 5143: 5130: 5117: 5104: 5091: 5078: 5065: 5052: 5039: 5026: 5013: 5000: 4987: 4974: 4959: 4943: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4900:Z. cavirostris 4894: 4892: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4870: 4868: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4856: 4847: 4838: 4829: 4820: 4811: 4802: 4793: 4784: 4775: 4766: 4757: 4748: 4739: 4730: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4583: 4569: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4557:P. blainvillei 4551: 4549: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4524: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4437:I. geoffrensis 4432: 4428:I. boliviensis 4423: 4413: 4411: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4293: 4291: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4275:P. spinipinnis 4270: 4261: 4252: 4242: 4240: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4188: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4142: 4136:Beluga whale ( 4132: 4130: 4127:Delphinapterus 4119: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4042:S. bredanensis 4036: 4034: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3953: 3944: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3894: 3890:S. fluviatilis 3884: 3882: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3812: 3810: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3798: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3765: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3715: 3711:L. obliquidens 3706: 3697: 3688: 3679: 3675:L. albirostris 3669: 3667: 3664:Lagenorhynchus 3659: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3582:(Pilot whales) 3570: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3542: 3532: 3530: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3487:C. commersonii 3481: 3479: 3468: 3450: 3449: 3440: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3417: 3407: 3405: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3326:Rice's whale ( 3323: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3278: 3269: 3265:B. bonaerensis 3260: 3250: 3248: 3237: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3181:(Right whales) 3169: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3142: 3132: 3131: 3122: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3097:Laurasiatheria 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3047: 3040: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3012: 3011:External links 3009: 3006: 3005: 2979: 2953: 2925: 2908:"Catch limits" 2899: 2873: 2857: 2845: 2833: 2821: 2808: 2787:(3): 301–311. 2767: 2753: 2732:(4): 288–293. 2712: 2675:(3): 141–154. 2655: 2621: 2586: 2577: 2567: 2536: 2526: 2516: 2506: 2497: 2431: 2396:(7): 949–958. 2379: 2367: 2326: 2284: 2265: 2218: 2171: 2140: 2113:(2): 169–183. 2097: 2088: 2075: 2062: 2043:(2): 440–456. 2027: 1996: 1960: 1939:(3): 500–503. 1919: 1878: 1859:(1): 155–161. 1843: 1830: 1787: 1778: 1743: 1724:(3): 395–413. 1708: 1695: 1644: 1631: 1588: 1569:(1): 213–220. 1549: 1528: 1510: 1495: 1488: 1468: 1450: 1443: 1423: 1416: 1397: 1378: 1351: 1333: 1310: 1279: 1264: 1233: 1208: 1162: 1147: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1089: 1086:Mammals portal 1075: 1059: 1056: 1054:, UK in 2019. 1048:Firth of Forth 1043: 1040: 1032:whale-watching 1016: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1001: 994: 992: 981: 974: 972: 970:in August 2012 961: 954: 892: 889: 864: 861: 859: 856: 850: 847: 830: 827: 825: 822: 816: 813: 808: 805: 783: 780: 763: 760: 754: 751: 749: 746: 731: 728: 718: 715: 686:. Examples of 668:apex predators 663: 660: 654: 651: 622: 619: 608: 602: 592: 587: 586: 585: 576: 575: 574: 530: 527: 525: 522: 513: 510: 457: 454: 436: 433: 431: 428: 403: 400: 379: 376: 374: 371: 329:pothead whale 319: 318: 317: 316: 314:(Harlan, 1827) 308: 303: 298: 290: 289: 283: 282: 273: 272: 264: 263: 251: 250: 246: 245: 239: 228: 227: 221: 220: 213: 211: 207: 206: 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 111: 110: 97: 94: 93: 75: 72: 71: 66: 63: 62: 58: 57: 49: 48: 40: 39: 29: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5455: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5386: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5306: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4927: 4903: 4901: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4877: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4853: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4843:M. stejnegeri 4839: 4837: 4835: 4834:M. peruvianus 4830: 4828: 4826: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4771:M. ginkgodens 4767: 4765: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4735:M. carlhubbsi 4731: 4729: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4664: 4662: 4661:H. planifrons 4657: 4655: 4653: 4652:H. ampullatus 4648: 4647: 4645: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4621: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4584: 4574: 4570: 4560: 4558: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4536:Pontoporiidae 4533: 4523: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4490:Platanistidae 4487: 4477: 4475: 4474:L. vexillifer 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4334:Sperm whale ( 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4302: 4300: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4284: 4278: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4227: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4189: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4021: 4019: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3961: 3959: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3949:S. sahulensis 3945: 3943: 3941: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3899:S. guianensis 3895: 3893: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3866:P. crassidens 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3845: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3831:Peponocephala 3827: 3821: 3819: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3764: 3762: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3735: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3721: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3640:Lagenodelphis 3636: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3517: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3505:C. heavisidii 3501: 3499: 3497: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3438: 3434: 3416: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3392:Cetotheriidae 3389: 3379: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3355: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3238: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3164: 3162: 3161:B. mysticetus 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3053: 3048: 3046: 3041: 3039: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3019:Photos, video 3018: 3015: 3014: 3010: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2942: 2941: 2940:New Scientist 2936: 2929: 2926: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2771: 2768: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2656: 2643: 2639: 2632: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2590: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2571: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2537: 2530: 2527: 2520: 2517: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2435: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2371: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2330: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2295: 2288: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2269: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2232:Polar Biology 2229: 2222: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2175: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2144: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1964: 1961: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1882: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1844: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1747: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1712: 1709: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1638:ICES (2010). 1635: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1592: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1499: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1472: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1382: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1330:0-12-588506-7 1327: 1323: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1307:0-12-551340-2 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1242:Wilson, D. E. 1237: 1234: 1222: 1218: 1212: 1209: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1133:Wilson, D. E. 1130: 1123: 1120: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1090: 1087: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1026: 1021: 1014: 1009: 1005: 998: 993: 989: 988:Faroe Islands 985: 978: 973: 969: 965: 958: 953: 951: 948: 944: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 917:Faroe Islands 914: 908: 903: 898: 890: 888: 886: 882: 878: 874: 869: 862: 857: 855: 848: 846: 843: 840: 836: 828: 823: 821: 814: 812: 806: 804: 802: 798: 794: 791:, such as on 790: 781: 779: 777: 773: 769: 761: 759: 752: 747: 745: 743: 739: 738: 729: 727: 723: 716: 714: 712: 711:Spiny dogfish 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 661: 659: 652: 650: 646: 644: 640: 635: 634:that return. 633: 629: 621:Communication 620: 616: 614: 590: 573: 570: 568: 564: 560: 555: 553: 549: 545: 540: 537: 528: 523: 521: 519: 511: 505: 497: 493: 489: 485: 483: 478: 470: 462: 455: 453: 451: 447: 442: 434: 429: 427: 425: 421: 420:specific name 417: 413: 409: 401: 399: 397: 393: 389: 385: 377: 372: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 355: 351: 347: 343: 340:) is a large 339: 338: 335: 330: 326: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 293: 291: 288: 284: 274: 270: 265: 262: 261: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 235: 229: 226: 225:Binomial name 222: 218: 217: 216:G. melas 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 200: 197: 196: 193: 190: 187: 186: 183: 180: 177: 176: 173: 170: 167: 166: 163: 160: 157: 156: 153: 150: 147: 146: 143: 140: 137: 136: 133: 130: 127: 126: 121: 116: 112: 106: 100: 95: 89: 84: 83:Least Concern 73: 69: 64: 59: 55: 50: 46: 41: 36: 33: 19: 5413:Globicephala 5316: 4938: 4899: 4887: 4876:T. shepherdi 4875: 4863: 4852:M. traversii 4851: 4842: 4833: 4824: 4815: 4806: 4797: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4762:M. europaeus 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4696: 4685:I. pacificus 4684: 4672: 4660: 4651: 4631: 4619: 4610: 4601: 4589: 4556: 4544: 4519: 4511:P. gangetica 4510: 4498: 4473: 4461: 4436: 4427: 4418: 4406: 4381: 4373:K. breviceps 4372: 4360: 4335: 4323: 4315:Physeteridae 4298: 4288:Phocoenoides 4286: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4248:P. dioptrica 4247: 4235: 4223: 4214: 4194: 4162:M. monoceros 4161: 4149: 4137: 4125: 4117:Monodontidae 4101:T. truncatus 4100: 4092:T. erebennus 4091: 4083:T. australis 4082: 4073: 4053: 4041: 4029: 4017: 4009:S. frontalis 4008: 3999: 3990: 3982:S. attenuata 3981: 3969: 3957: 3948: 3939: 3931:S. chinensis 3930: 3910: 3898: 3889: 3877: 3865: 3853: 3841: 3829: 3817: 3805: 3794:O. heinsohni 3793: 3784: 3772: 3760: 3751: 3733:Lissodelphis 3731: 3719: 3710: 3701: 3693:L. australis 3692: 3683: 3674: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3614: 3602: 3600: 3593: 3575:Globicephala 3573: 3562:F. attenuata 3561: 3549: 3537: 3525: 3513: 3504: 3495: 3486: 3474: 3413:C. marginata 3412: 3400: 3375: 3363: 3351: 3350:Gray whale ( 3341:Eschrichtius 3339: 3327: 3318: 3309: 3300: 3299:Blue whale ( 3291: 3282: 3273: 3264: 3255: 3245:Balaenoptera 3243: 3210: 3202:E. glacialis 3201: 3193:E. australis 3192: 3172: 3160: 3148: 3109:Whippomorpha 3103:Artiodactyla 2996:. 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