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aspect of "financialization". Ofstehage expands on this concept by giving the example of the current soy market in Brazil. As financialization has led to land being more expensive and harder to come by in the states, farmers have turned their attention abroad. This farm crisis in the US was a result of increasingly large corporate farms driving out small family farms and acquiring more and more land. Due to this, farmers both new and experienced who are privileged to have capital or investors, have turned their attention abroad. Many have begun to invest in
Brazilian land to grow soy with the money from friends, investors, neighbors, or savings. These transnational farmers have had great success but as more farmers have followed these steps the cycle has begun anew. Looking to further expand, farmers often take three paths for further profit and financialization. They either sell their Brazilian farms to a new hopeful farmer, or they keep their farm but return to the states to manage it internationally, or they truly begin anew. Specifically, the farmers sell their Brazilian land and turn
955:) around a function (i.e., a need, interest, or common problem that glocally affects people). Functional community organization emphasizes a deep understanding of issues (e.g., power, empowerment, and community interests), strategies for change (e.g., popular education, direct action, and collaboration), and communication strategies that promote "inclusive networking." The goals of functional community organization are to organize communities through direct action in order to meet immediate community need while addressing glocalized problems. In so doing, functional communities act as their own unique forms of protest, vehicles for community empowerment, and alternatives to institutionalized social welfare systems. Popular examples of functional communities include
633:, and has been described as a more general treatment of the term. Elements unique to glocalization under this umbrella include the idea that diversity is the essence of social life, that not all differences are erased, history and culture operate autonomously to offer a sense of uniqueness to the experiences of groups (whether cultures, societies or nations), glocalization removes the fear that globalization resembles a tidal wave erasing all differences, and that glocalization does not promise a world free from conflict but offers a more historically grounded and pragmatic worldview.
884:, television and commercials have become useful strategies that global companies have used to help localize their products. Companies, such as McDonald's, have relied on television and commercials in not only the Western Hemisphere but in other parts of the world to attract a varying range of audiences in accordance with the demographic of the local area. For example, they have used mascots ranging anywhere from a male clown in the Western Hemisphere to attract younger audiences to an "attractive" female clown in Japan to attract older audiences.
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outside. There is also the position that the association of temporal and spatial dimensions to human life, which emerge in globalization, exert little impact. Glocalization is also said to capture the emergence of unique new indigenous realities that result in the interpenetration of the global and local spheres. The term ‘glocklization’, combining the glocal concept with a
792:
722:
Glocalization works best for companies which have decentralized authority. The cost to the companies increases as they cannot standardise products and projects, different cultures have different needs and wants which is highlighted in this challenge. An example of a company succeeding in creating new
830:
farming. Previously, there were numerous small-scale soy farms along the east coast of the US. However, as larger corporations outcompeted smaller ones, attentions have been turned abroad. Anthropologist Andrew
Ofstehage refers to this change from small, personal farms to large corporate ones as an
769:
Although there are many challenges to globalisation, when done right it has many benefits; allowing companies to reach a larger target market is just one of them. Society also benefits when globalisation occurs as an increase in market competition generally pushes the price of products down which
617:
The concept of glocalization is included in the discourse on social theory. This is first demonstrated in the way it challenges the notion that globalization overrides locality by describing how the concept of local is said to be constructed on a trans- or uper-local basis or is promoted from the
851:. The recommended approach is for local educators to consult global resources for materials and techniques and then adapt them for local use. For example, in information, it involves advancing computer and media understanding to allow students and educators to look beyond their local context.
504:, an adjective, by definition means "reflecting or characterized by both local and global considerations". The term "glocal management" in a sense of "think globally, act locally" is used in the business strategies of companies, in particular by Japanese companies that are expanding overseas.
765:
and enlarging their stores was prevalent in most areas of China, but when
Starbucks spread to the Forbidden City, a problem surrounding cultural identity arose. Factors surrounding "western influences" related to Starbucks were seen as a threat by a web-based campaign which was successful in
491:
and "represents a challenge to simplistic conceptions of globalization processes as linear expansions of territorial scales. Glocalization indicates that the growing importance of continental and global levels is occurring together with the increasing salience of local and regional levels."
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Although globalisation has benefits for the consumer, it does not always benefit the producer, with newer and smaller companies struggling to keep up with the low production costs of the multi-national competitors. This results in either a higher price and loss of consumers, or a lower
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of music and other forms of cultural heritage. The concept has since been used in the fields of geography, sociology, and anthropology. It is also a prominent concept in business studies, particularly in the area of marketing goods and services to a heterogenous set of consumers.
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and other social scientists, and may be understood as a process that combines the concerns of localism with the forces of globalization, or a local adaptation and interpretation of global forces. As a theoretical framework, it is compatible with many of the concerns of
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initiating the closing of the
Starbucks in the Forbidden City. The leader of this campaign, Rui, stated, "All I want is that Starbucks move out of the Forbidden City peacefully and quietly, and we'll continue enjoying Starbucks coffee elsewhere in the city."
735:. This shows that McDonald's has done research on and understands their new market's requirements for a successful takeaway food. This however can be very costly and time-consuming. One of the main challenges for the future of glocalization is to govern it.
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means the consumers benefit by gaining a lower price point. This decreases the inequality gap as people who couldn't previously afford products when the market was controlled by local monopolies are able to purchase the product more cheaply.
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indicated a significant difference in religious form between the two, blending the fundamental roots with indigenous traditions and local customs. Similar studies have found that regions of the world practicing
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Barry
Wellman, "Little Boxes, Glocalization, and Networked Individualism." Pp. 11-25 in Digital Cities II, edited by Makoto Tanabe, Peter van den Besselaar, and Toru Ishida. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002.
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represents the fusion of "globalization" and "localization," emphasizing the need for global entities to tailor their offerings to suit the unique characteristics of individual regions or communities.
485:) is the "simultaneous occurrence of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems". The concept comes from the Japanese word
847:
Glocalization of education has been proposed in the specific areas of politics, economics, culture, teaching, information, organization, morality, spirituality, religion and "temporal"
896:. In this context, glocalization seeks from the outset to minimize localization requirements for video games intended to be universally appealing. Academic Douglas Eyman cites the
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when
Japanese business adopted it in the 1980s. The word stems from Manfred Lange, head of the German National Global Change Secretariat, who used "glocal" in reference to
2096:
411:
682:– by definition, the "tailoring and advertising of goods and services on a global or near-global basis to increasingly differentiated local and particular markets."
520:
The declaration of a specified locality – a town, city, or state – as world territory, with responsibilities and rights on a world scale: a process that started in
702:, but still present their communities, heritage, history and culture as distinctively "local." A notable example is referenced by Professor Noel Salazar of the
314:
1195:"Section: System Earth from the exhibition GLOBAL CHANGE: Challenges to Science and Politics – Welt im Wandel – Herausforderungen für Wissenschaft und Politik"
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is the interlinkage between global, national and local formal and informal actors that aim to find common ground, take decisions, implement and enforce them.
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as neither local or global, but interdependent and interconnected (glocal), necessitating organizing practices that concurrently address local problems and
423:
449:
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Eyman, Douglas; Eyman, Douglas; Sun, Hongmei (2024). "Translation and
Chinese Culture in Video Games". In Guo, Li; Eyman, Douglas; Sun, Hongmei (eds.).
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Moxley, David P.; Alvarez, Ann
Rosegrant; Johnson, Alice K.; Gutiérrez, Lorraine M. (November 2005). "Appreciating the Glocal in Community Practice".
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Bekh, K. (2016). A Company’s
Marketing Mix in Terms of Glocal Marketing. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 2(5), 10-15 (in Web of Science:
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Ofstehage, A.L., 2018. Financialization of work, value, and social organization among transnational soy farmers in the
Brazilian Cerrado.
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An example of a global business that has faced challenges due to localization of their products can be presented through the closing of a
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While the term "glocalization" is one that developed later in the 20th century, the idea behind it is closely related to the economic and
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of China in 2007. Starbucks' attempt to localize into the culture of China by accommodating their menu to local elements such as serving
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as an example of glocalization because it was designed at the outset to appeal to global audiences while celebrating Chinese culture.
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operations throughout the world – particularly in reference to countries in which tour guides and locals are up to date on global
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stated that glocalization "means the simultaneity – the co-presence – of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies".
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541:, which means global localization. It had referred to the adaptation of farming techniques to local conditions. It became a
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Brooks, Jeffrey; Normore, Anthony (2010). "Educational Leadership and Globalization: Literacy for a Glocal Perspective".
2251:
1717:"Starbucks is forbidden in the Forbidden City: Blog, circuit of culture and informal public relations campaign in China"
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pistol, was coined in 2018 to indicate forms of glocalization that are perceived as unbalanced and destructive to local
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Khondker, Habibul (December 11, 2018). Juergensmeyer, Mark; Sassen, Saskia; Steger, Manfred B; Faessel, Victor (eds.).
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in various regions of the world. In this particular study, observations made between the religious pillars in
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talks about how the Internet encourages glocalization, such as encouraging people to make websites in their
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Glocalization is also occurring within the agricultural sphere. One case brought up by of this has been in
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The Glocal and Global Studies, Glocalizations 2015, Victor Roudometof (2015), Taylor & Francis 2015,
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Crawford, A., S. A. Humphries & M. M. Geddy (2015). "McDonald's: A Case Study in Glocalization".
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The term entered use in the English-speaking world via Robertson in the 1990s, Canadian sociologists
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Glocalization can be represented throughout virtually every sphere of social society, including
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Additionally, the concept of glocalization has strong ties to the more commonly understood term
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Habibul Haque Khondker, "Glocalization as Globalization: Evolution of a Sociological Concept,"
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Livholts, M., & Bryant, L. (Eds.). (2017). Social Work in a Glocalised World. Routledge.
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Osland, Joyce S. (2003-06-01). "Broadening the Debate The Pros and Cons of Globalization".
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Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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Glocalization links markets that are geographically dispersed and culturally distinct
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which a year later was the title for the "Local and Global Change" exhibition (1991)
2014:
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Sarroub, L. K. (2009). "Glocalism in literacy and marriage in transnational lives".
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706:, whose study dove into these distinctive glocalization attributes on the island of
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Hofstede, Geert (1994-03-01). "The business of international business is culture".
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Global Change exhibition (May, 1990), and the poster on local and global change
1993:
Shepard, Benjamin (2005). "Play, Creativity, and the New Community Organizing".
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Hampton, Keith and B Wellman. 2002. "The Not So Global Village of Netville", in
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Shi, Xiuhua (2013-06-01). "The Glocalization of English A Chinese Case Study".
645:. An example of this can be seen in a study that focused on the differences in
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Evans, Mark; David Marsh & Gerry Stoker (2013). "Understanding localism".
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569:. At a 1997 conference on "Globalization and Indigenous Culture", sociologist
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1723:. Includes a Special Section: Public Relations in a Time of Economic Crisis.
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Roudometof, Victor (July 2016). "Glocalization: A Critical Introduction".
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Since the 1990s, glocalization has been productively theorized by several
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Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation (ISSN 2283-7949):
1174:"On dialogue, knowledge, creativity, (cyber)culture, learning, wholeness"
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Some translators of video games favor glocalization over the process of
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experienced similar shifts based on local cultural practices and norms.
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Weil, Marie (1996-12-16). "Model Development in Community Practice".
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2149:(Special Issue: Immigration, Language, and Education) 6(1-2), 63–80.
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Individuals, households and organizations maintaining interpersonal
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Barry Wellman and Keith Hampton, "Living Networked On and Offline"
1531:. London, England, United Kingdom: Sage Publications. p. 28.
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732:
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563:"Glocalization" first appeared in a late 1980s publication of the
1064:"glocal | Definition of glocal in English by Oxford Dictionaries"
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http://www.baltijapublishing.lv/index.php/issue/article/view/138
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778:, which in turn results in less competition within the market.
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2065:
Community practice skills : local to global perspectives
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Music Glocalization: Heritage and Innovation in a Digital Age
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Music Glocalization: Heritage and Innovation in a Digital Age
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Glocalization can be recognized, perhaps most profoundly, in
932:. Glocal organizing techniques are commonly associated with
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that combine extensive local and long-distance interactions.
1927:"Reframing: September 11 and the US globalization movement"
1903:
Spaces of Globalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local
1527:
Featherstone, Mike; Lash, Scott; Robertson, Roland (1995).
1387:
Featherstone, Mike; Lash, Scott; Robertson, Roland (1995).
1344:
Theorizing Digital Cultural heritage: A Critical Discourse
2115:"Living 'Glocally' With Literacy Success in the Midwest"
839:, places where soy grows well, and land is still cheap.
1687:. SpringerBriefs in Political Science. Cham: Springer.
2161:
https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/2340108
1491:. The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies. p. 100.
1416:. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. p. 229.
1271:
Postmetroplis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions
1216:"What is glocalization? – Definition from WhatIs.com"
604:, and its impact is particularly recognizable in the
1874:
Games & Play in Chinese & Sinophone Cultures
560:at an international science and policy conference.
1905:. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 137–166.
1273:(Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2000), 199–200.
947:One of the most common glocal models of practice,
1363:. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 16.
1786:
1784:
1436:Hebert, David & Rykowski, Mikolaj. (2018).
1034:
1032:
1557:"Tourism and Glocalization: Local Tourguiding"
803:about the timing of changes in the soy market.
443:
8:
2217:https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/glocalism
2095:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1715:Han, Gang (Kevin); Zhang, Ai (2009-11-01).
1412:Ritzer, George; Stepnisky, Jeffrey (2017).
944:, and a healthy dose of experimentation."
450:
436:
29:
1582:
1572:
1342:Cameron, F., & S. Kenderdine (2007).
1329:Hebert, D. G. & Rykowski, M. (Eds.),
537:The concept comes from the Japanese word
27:Portmanteau of globalization and localism
1867:
1865:
1863:
1361:European Glocalization in Global Context
1497:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.001.0001
1440:. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, p.354.
1391:. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. p. 26.
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322:
291:
245:
189:
143:
57:
41:
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1318:Postcolonial Thought and Social Theory
1284:Glocalization: A Critical Introduction
723:products for their emerging market is
402:Bhagavad-gita translations by language
1995:Journal of Progressive Human Services
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1631:
1629:
1382:
1380:
1354:
1352:
1003:Internationalization and localization
259:Internationalization and localization
7:
2147:Critical Inquiry in Language Studies
1320:(New York: Oxford University Press).
1901:Swyngedouw, E.; Cox, K. R. (1997).
746:Starbucks in Forbidden City, China
392:Books and magazines on translation
25:
1851:Journal of Global Business Issues
1452:European Journal of Social Theory
1260:, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 345–371.
1151:. Uni-muenster.de. Archived from
1117:Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology
951:, seeks to organize communities (
949:functional community organization
916:Glocalization, or glocalism, in
790:
49:
1639:Journal of Developing Societies
1878:University of Washington Press
524:in 1950 and originally called
424:Kural translations by language
397:Bible translations by language
172:Dynamic and formal equivalence
1:
2193:10.1080/14747731.2015.1016293
2067:. Columbia University Press.
2030:Journal of Community Practice
1952:Journal of Community Practice
1747:Journal of Management Inquiry
1608:International Business Review
1258:The Internet in Everyday Life
1068:Oxford Dictionaries | English
412:List of most translated works
213:Translation management system
2063:N., Gamble, Dorothy (2010).
1733:10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.07.004
1620:10.1016/0969-5931(94)90011-6
1574:10.1016/j.annals.2004.10.012
1305:10.1080/01442872.2013.822699
1119:. Vol. 1. No. 2. July, 2004
965:Community Technology Centers
934:The New Community Organizing
1759:10.1177/1056492603012002005
1346:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
1333:(Cambridge Scholars, 2018).
1282:Roudometof, Victor (2016).
1239:28, 6 (Nov, 1999): 648–654.
1135:September 13, 2011, at the
894:localization in video games
592:was another early adopter.
2273:
2113:Sarroub, Loukia K (2008).
1561:Annals of Tourism Research
1218:. Searchcio.techtarget.com
704:University of Pennsylvania
2131:10.1080/00405840701764789
1693:10.1007/978-3-031-02108-4
1096:. Routledge. p. 307.
1805:10.1177/0895904809354070
1652:10.1177/0169796X13480442
1464:10.1177/1368431015605443
1254:Caroline Haythornthwaite
1197:. Benking.de. 2010-04-28
1094:Encyclopedia of the City
387:Journalistic translation
1721:Public Relations Review
1044:Encyclopedia Britannica
998:Cultural homogenization
566:Harvard Business Review
269:Video game localization
177:Contrastive linguistics
2211:www.glocalmatters.org
2152:Hollensen, S. (2016).
1359:Robertson, R. (2014).
1286:(New York: Routledge).
1237:Contemporary Sociology
953:functional communities
918:community organization
912:Community organization
801:is missing information
747:
584:in the late 1990s and
533:History of the concept
352:Telephone interpreting
238:Multimedia translation
2176:10.4324/9781315628417
2042:10.1300/j125v03n03_02
2007:10.1300/J059v16n02_04
1964:10.1300/j125v13n03_01
1834:Economic Anthropology
1555:Salazr, Noel (2005).
1092:Caves, R. W. (2004).
880:Besides the usage of
745:
284:Software localization
264:Language localization
167:Translation criticism
96:Linguistic validation
2119:Theory into Practice
1013:Mobile privatization
969:gift economy markets
922:community organizing
279:Website localization
2252:Localism (politics)
1681:Mihr, Anja (2022).
1414:Sociological Theory
602:postcolonial theory
346:Video relay service
203:Machine translation
162:Translation project
152:Translation studies
1793:Educational Policy
1529:Global Modernities
1389:Global Modernities
977:franchise activism
975:, and other forms
957:community projects
748:
727:new rice meals in
208:Mobile translation
1931:comm-org.wisc.edu
1702:978-3-031-02107-7
1684:Glocal Governance
1299:, 34:4, 401–407,
961:community gardens
942:cultural activism
938:popular education
905:World of Warcraft
899:Mists of Pandaria
865:The World Is Flat
824:
823:
737:Glocal governance
624:cultural heritage
551:Blackbox Nature:
460:
459:
331:Untranslatability
182:Polysystem theory
16:(Redirected from
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2257:Social movements
2242:1980s neologisms
2154:Global Marketing
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571:Roland Robertson
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357:Language barrier
274:Dub localization
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52:
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32:
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2247:New Urbanism
2153:
2146:
2125:(1): 59–67.
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2118:
2064:
2058:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2001:(2): 47–69.
1998:
1994:
1988:
1955:
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1945:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:
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1799:(1): 52–82.
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1510:. Retrieved
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1231:
1220:. Retrieved
1210:
1199:. Retrieved
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1176:. Benking.de
1168:
1157:. Retrieved
1153:the original
1143:
1126:
1116:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1087:
1076:. Retrieved
1072:the original
1067:
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
973:food sharing
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815:January 2023
812:
800:
772:
768:
763:frappuccinos
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721:
689:
673:
660:Christianity
640:
628:
616:
606:digitization
597:sociologists
594:
575:
564:
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553:Rubik's Cube
550:
538:
536:
501:
500:
495:
494:
487:
486:
480:
474:
466:
462:
461:
300:Associations
253:
246:Localization
190:Technologies
1857:(1), 11–18.
1614:(1): 1–14.
888:Video games
782:Agriculture
696:pop culture
549:'s exhibit
471:portmanteau
419:Translators
233:Postediting
228:Pre-editing
43:Translation
2232:Neologisms
2226:Categories
2156:, Pearson.
1958:(3): 1–7.
1936:2018-12-14
1222:2013-09-03
1201:2013-09-03
1180:2013-09-03
1159:2013-09-03
1078:2018-03-10
1049:2018-03-10
981:mutual aid
924:that sees
920:refers to
876:Television
725:McDonald's
718:Challenges
700:technology
382:Scanlation
223:Subtitling
136:Homophonic
106:Regulatory
2091:cite book
2083:828795451
2050:1070-5422
2015:154092742
1980:141731586
1972:1070-5422
1813:143938538
1767:1056-4926
1668:147498024
1660:0169-796X
1472:147435078
843:Education
837:Tocantins
807:talk page
760:green tea
752:Starbucks
712:Indonesia
676:marketing
651:Indonesia
613:Sociology
539:dochakuka
488:dochakuka
111:Technical
2139:36270404
1775:14617240
1593:32572282
1133:Archived
987:See also
959:such as
882:Internet
849:literacy
670:Business
664:Buddhism
643:religion
637:Religion
543:buzzword
482:localism
121:Cultural
71:Literary
35:a series
33:Part of
1584:7148810
1256:(eds),
754:in the
692:tourism
686:Tourism
655:Morocco
557:Ecology
315:Schools
218:Dubbing
101:Medical
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2013:
1978:
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522:France
502:Glocal
377:Fandub
372:Fansub
305:Awards
144:Theory
18:Glocal
2135:S2CID
2011:S2CID
1999:16, 2
1976:S2CID
1809:S2CID
1771:S2CID
1664:S2CID
1468:S2CID
1024:Notes
855:Media
833:Piauí
733:China
729:India
647:Islam
620:Glock
348:(VRS)
91:Kural
86:Quran
81:Bible
66:Legal
58:Types
2097:link
2079:OCLC
2069:ISBN
2046:ISSN
1968:ISSN
1907:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1763:ISSN
1697:ISBN
1656:ISSN
1589:PMID
1533:ISBN
1514:2022
1501:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1252:and
979:and
731:and
708:Java
698:and
662:and
653:and
580:and
479:and
2189:doi
2172:doi
2127:doi
2038:doi
2003:doi
1960:doi
1801:doi
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1648:doi
1616:doi
1579:PMC
1569:doi
1493:doi
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