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The gluteus maximus straightens the leg at the hip; when the leg is flexed at the hip, the gluteus maximus extends it to bring the leg into a straight line with the body. The anus also aligns when the leg is flexed at the hip, making the muscle tighten and the pelvis tilt forward. Taking its fixed
735:
The 30-second chair-to-stand test measures a participant's ability to stand up from a seated position as many times as possible in a thirty-second period of time. Testing the number of times a person can stand up in a thirty-second period helps assess strength, flexibility, pain, and endurance,
683:
In cultural terms, the glutes are often considered a symbol of health and strength, and aesthetically appealing. They frequently feature in artwork which seeks to emphasise and celebrate physicality, and the ability to move dynamically and powerfully. They are usually shown to be efficiently
2215:
52:
546:, supporting it and the trunk upon the head of the femur; this is particularly obvious in standing on one leg. Its most powerful action is to cause the body to regain the erect position after stooping, by drawing the pelvis backward, being assisted in this action by the
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756:. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. Other primates have much flatter hips and cannot sustain standing erectly.
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test measures flexibility of the gluteus maximus. This requires a trained professional and is based on the angle of external and internal rotation in relation to normal range of motion without injury or impingement.
292:
and makes up a large part of the shape and appearance of each side of the hips. It is the single largest muscle in the human body. Its thick fleshy mass, in a quadrilateral shape, forms the prominence of the
479:
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The gluteus maximus (or buttock) is the outermost muscle of the buttocks. It arises from connections to nearby structures in this area. It arises from the posterior gluteal line of the outer upper
427:
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Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. Other
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those forming the upper and larger portion of the muscle, together with the superficial fibers of the lower portion, end in a thick tendinous lamina, which passes across the
700:
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638:
The gluteus maximus is involved in several sports, from running to weight-lifting. A number of exercises focus on the gluteus maximus and other muscles of the upper leg:
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Surface anatomy of the upper leg, lateral view. x = Gluteus maximus, xx = Vastus lateralis, .. = Biceps femoris, . = Tendon of the biceps femoris / Capitulum fibulae.
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during standing, when the extensor muscles are relaxed. Therefore, the muscle carries out an extension, a valgisation and an external rotation of the
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and variations like split squats, unilateral squats with the raised foot positioned either backwards or forwards (pistols), and wide-stance lunges
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to a relatively more distant insertion on the femur. In adapting to bipedal gait, reorganization of the attachment of the muscle as well as the
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2015:
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with the raised foot positioned behind. The bar is held in the low bar style. Squats precipitate high levels of gluteal muscle activation.
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1193:"OARSI recommended performance-based tests to assess physical function in people diagnosed with hip or knee osteoarthritis"
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Muscles of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions, showing origin and insertion of gluteus maximus muscle.
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which can help determine how far along a person is in rehabilitation, or how much work is still to be done.
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Functional assessment can be useful in assessing injuries to the gluteus maximus and surrounding muscles.
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The gluteus maximus, with surrounding fascia. Right buttock, viewed from behind, skin covering removed.
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812:, here visible at top centre with skin removed from the entire right leg. Note its rather thin fascia.
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763:, a small muscle that corresponds to the human gluteus maximus and originates from the ilium and the
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a third is found between the skin and the tendon of the muscle, which sometimes extends to the
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lying parallel with one another, and are collected together into larger bundles separated by
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Stern, Jack T.; Susman, Randall L. (June 1981). "Electromyography of the gluteal muscles in
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Anatomie des
Menschen. Ein Lehrbuch fĂĽr Studierende und Ă„rzte. Erster Band. Bewegungsapparat
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Origin and attachment areas at the proximal femur. Gluteus maximus is marked with number 12.
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343:, as well as above it to the iliac crest and slightly below it; from the lower part of the
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Standring, Susan, ed. (2016). "Pelvic girdle, gluteal region and thigh: Gluteus maximus".
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1092:(in German) (2nd ed.). Bad Hersfeld: Neuromedizin Verlag. pp. 269, 274–277.
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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In other primates, the correlate to the human gluteus maximus consists of the
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1167:. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 40–41.
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The gluteus maximus is larger in size and thicker in humans than in other
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Evidence of such depictions of the gluteal muscles extends from at least
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1035:(41st ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Limited. pp. 1357–1358.
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305:, and sometimes informally these are collectively referred to as the
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are usually found in relation with the deep surface of this muscle:
1265:"Evolution of the human hip. Part 2: muscling the double extension"
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Dobson, F.; Bennell, K.; Hinman, R.; Abbott, H.; Roos, E. (2013).
706:
An
Ancient Greek javelin thrower represented on a vase, c.520 B.C.
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of the limb. The upper fibers act as abductors of the hip joints.
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a second (often missing) is situated on the tuberosity of the
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the deeper fibers of the lower portion are inserted into the
1369:—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
1363:—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
1357:—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
433:
Gluteus maximus of right side: outline and attachment-areas.
378:
The fibers are directed obliquely inferiorly and laterally;
316:
have much flatter hips and cannot sustain standing erectly.
1324:: Implications for the evolution of hominid bipedality".
1033:
Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice
27:
Largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles
288:
in humans. It is the largest and outermost of the three
808:
Gluteus maximus is the most superficial muscle of the
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Innervation and blood-supply of the gluteus maximus.
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steadies the femur on the articular surfaces of the
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1088:Hahn von Dorsche, Herwig; Dittel, Reinhard (2006).
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Innervation as seen from under the gluteus maximus.
503:One of these, of large size, separates it from the
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848:Gluteus maximus cut showing underlying structures.
1165:Sculptures and Physicians in Fifth-Century Greece
986:"What is the strongest muscle in the human body?"
1263:Hogervorst, T.; Vereecke, E. E. (January 2015).
912:Superficial muscles of the body, lateral view.
1388:
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860:Structures visible under the gluteus maximus.
565:The lower part of the muscle also acts as an
8:
1355:Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-female-17
1074:. 3. Auflage. Julius Springer, Berlin 1954.
1014:General Anatomy: Principles and Applications
381:The gluteus maximus ends in two main areas:
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1981:
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942:List of skeletal muscles of the human body
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1361:Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15
1326:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
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1117:. Victory Belt Publishing. p. 426.
1186:
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977:
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771:, a large muscle that extends from the
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628:A unilateral (single leg) barbell back
576:The gluteus maximus is a tensor of the
445:Image showing the outer surface of the
423:
1142:. Victory Belt Publishing. p. 5.
1076:Digitalisat der Universität Heidelberg
1008:
1006:
958:This article incorporates text in the
796:All gluteal muscles, maximus in yellow
263:
56:The gluteus maximus and gluteus medius
29:
1768:Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
1138:Bret Contreras, Glen Cordoza (2019).
509:Bursa trochanterica m. glutaei maximi
7:
1773:Medial intermuscular septum of thigh
1367:Cross section image: pembody/body18b
718:An Ancient Greek warrior in bronze.
449:, showing the inferior gluteal line.
297:. The other gluteal muscles are the
1269:Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery
888:(gluteus maximus visible at bottom)
542:point from below, it acts upon the
44:The location of the gluteus maximus
25:
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1113:Contreras B, Cordoza G (2019).
531:Bursa trochanterica subcutanea.
367:, and the fascia covering the
177:, chief antigravity muscle in
1:
1090:Anatomie des Bewegungssystems
884:Structures surrounding right
684:proportioned and prominent.
473:Attachment zone at the femur.
420:also serves as an attachment.
1955:Fibularis (peroneus) muscles
1835:Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
1200:Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
2129:Flexor digiti minimi brevis
1163:Metraux, Guy P. R. (1995).
966:of the 20th edition of
765:ligaments of the sacroiliac
2262:
1213:10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.002
260:Anatomical terms of muscle
2246:Muscles of the lower limb
2059:Extensor digitorum brevis
1984:
1830:Extensor digitorum longus
1707:
1457:
1012:Norman Eizenberg et al.,
351:, the tailbone; from the
319:The muscle is made up of
258:
217:musculus glutaeus maximus
122:inferior gluteal arteries
49:
37:
2054:Extensor hallucis brevis
1825:Extensor hallucis longus
1236:"Passive Piriformis ROM"
769:gluteus maximus proprius
648:Quadruped hip extensions
181:and abduction of the hip
169:, supports the extended
2085:Flexor digitorum brevis
1921:Flexor digitorum longus
1338:10.1002/ajpa.1330550203
671:Four-way hip extensions
520:Bursae glutaeofemorales
389:, and inserts into the
2236:Muscles of the gluteus
2119:Flexor hallucis brevis
2090:Abductor digiti minimi
1916:Flexor hallucis longus
668:Reverse hyperextension
365:sacrotuberous ligament
134:Inferior gluteal nerve
86:sacrotuberous ligament
1496:Lateral rotator group
728:Clinical significance
2231:Hip lateral rotators
1484:Tensor fasciae latae
347:and the side of the
2001:Intermuscular septa
1281:10.1093/jhps/hnu014
990:Library of Congress
691:to the modern day.
596:Society and culture
373:gluteal aponeurosis
72:Gluteal surface of
2146:Plantar interossei
1926:Tibialis posterior
1658:External obturator
1588:Vastus intermedius
1527:External obturator
1522:Internal obturator
1404:Muscles of the hip
992:. 19 November 2019
779:arm was required.
773:ischial tuberosity
505:greater trochanter
416:. If present, the
402:gluteal tuberosity
387:greater trochanter
361:lumbodorsal fascia
98:Gluteal tuberosity
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2184:Superior extensor
2179:Inferior extensor
2141:Dorsal interossei
2124:Adductor hallucis
2102:Quadratus plantae
2080:Abductor hallucis
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1941:
1940:
1820:Tibialis anterior
1792:
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1778:Cribriform fascia
1600:Articularis genus
1540:
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1517:Superior gemellus
1512:Inferior gemellus
1507:Quadratus femoris
1099:978-3-930926-18-3
783:Additional images
695:The glutes in art
652:Kettlebell swings
274:
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159:External rotation
16:(Redirected from
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2107:Lumbrical muscle
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1879:Accessory soleus
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665:(and variations)
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527:vastus lateralis
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418:third trochanter
410:vastus lateralis
339:, a bone of the
321:muscle fascicles
266:edit on Wikidata
175:iliotibial tract
106:iliotibial tract
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1739:Muscular lacuna
1734:Adductor hiatus
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1633:Semimembranosus
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1593:Vastus medialis
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282:extensor muscle
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1332:(2): 153–166.
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1149:9781628603460
1145:
1141:
1140:The Glute Lab
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1115:The Glute Lab
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1064:Hermann Braus
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53:
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41:
36:
31:
19:
2135:
2113:
2096:
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1999:
1901:
1854:
1803:compartments
1749:
1724:Femoral ring
1551:compartments
1494:
1466:
1416:Iliac region
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1272:
1268:
1245:February 19,
1243:. Retrieved
1239:
1230:
1203:
1199:
1164:
1158:
1139:
1133:
1114:
1108:
1089:
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1071:
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994:. Retrieved
980:
971:
957:
951:
768:
760:
758:
751:
738:
734:
731:
722:, c.450 B.C.
686:
682:
645:Glute bridge
637:
575:
564:
540:
530:
519:
508:
494:
406:linea aspera
380:
377:
334:
318:
311:
306:
280:is the main
277:
275:
229:A04.7.02.006
216:
173:through the
2241:Hip muscles
2170:retinacula
1855:Superficial
1751:Fascia lata
1433:Psoas minor
1429:Psoas major
1275:(1): 3–14.
642:Hip thrusts
578:fascia lata
395:fascia lata
353:aponeurosis
206:Identifiers
200:psoas minor
196:psoas major
2210:Categories
2021:Transverse
1573:Quadriceps
1532:Piriformis
1174:0773512314
996:2023-05-28
948:References
767:, and the
741:piriformis
187:Antagonist
2136:4th layer
2114:3rd layer
2097:2nd layer
2075:1st layer
2016:Posterior
1933:Popliteus
1891:Plantaris
1845:Posterior
1653:Pectineus
1618:Hamstring
1610:Posterior
1568:Sartorius
1424:Iliopsoas
1408:human leg
1314:Hylobates
1068:Curt Elze
1051:920806541
886:hip-joint
331:Structure
167:hip joint
163:extension
93:Insertion
2174:Peroneal
2011:Anterior
1812:Anterior
1668:Adductor
1663:Gracilis
1560:Anterior
1450:Buttocks
1299:27011809
1240:Exrx.net
1222:23680877
964:page 474
918:See also
754:primates
663:Deadlift
601:Training
567:adductor
537:Function
314:primates
295:buttocks
118:Superior
2068:Plantar
1947:Lateral
1688:Minimus
1477:Minimus
1467:Maximus
1438:Iliacus
1290:4718477
516:ischium
404:of the
393:of the
363:), the
355:of the
303:minimus
284:of the
192:Iliacus
179:sitting
165:of the
154:Actions
100:of the
62:Details
2189:Flexor
2158:Fascia
2047:Dorsal
1977:Fascia
1965:Brevis
1960:Longus
1874:Soleus
1700:Fascia
1683:Magnus
1678:Brevis
1673:Longus
1645:Medial
1472:Medius
1320:, and
1297:
1287:
1220:
1171:
1146:
1121:
1096:
1049:
1039:
972:(1918)
777:moment
679:In art
657:Squats
558:, and
544:pelvis
497:bursae
495:Three
491:Bursae
349:coccyx
345:sacrum
341:pelvis
307:glutes
299:medius
113:Artery
82:sacrum
68:Origin
18:Glutes
1546:Thigh
1318:Pongo
1196:(PDF)
962:from
630:squat
586:tibia
447:ilium
337:ilium
264:[
253:22314
212:Latin
129:Nerve
102:femur
74:ilium
2039:Foot
1902:Deep
1406:and
1295:PMID
1247:2015
1218:PMID
1169:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1094:ISBN
1047:OCLC
1037:ISBN
810:hips
739:The
590:knee
569:and
412:and
301:and
276:The
241:2598
224:TA98
198:and
171:knee
161:and
144:and
120:and
104:and
1798:Leg
1334:doi
1322:Pan
1285:PMC
1277:doi
1208:doi
375:).
286:hip
248:FMA
236:TA2
2212::
1330:55
1328:.
1316:,
1293:.
1283:.
1271:.
1267:.
1255:^
1238:.
1216:.
1204:21
1202:.
1198:.
1183:^
1070::
1066:,
1045:.
1021:^
1005:^
988:.
592:.
562:.
554:,
522:),
511:),
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309:.
194:,
142:S1
140:,
138:L5
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80:,
76:,
1800:/
1548:/
1498::
1431:/
1396:e
1389:t
1382:v
1340:.
1336::
1301:.
1279::
1273:2
1249:.
1224:.
1210::
1177:.
1152:.
1127:.
1102:.
1053:.
999:.
529:(
518:(
507:(
397:;
371:(
359:(
268:]
148:)
136:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
