38:
392:, the Queen Regent of Spain, in response ordered attacks on English shipping in the Caribbean. Charles II ordered Modyford to issue official letters of marque against the Spanish. Modyford commissioned Morgan once more to raid the Spanish Main. Spain was politically, economically and militarily weak after years of war and political infighting. Charles saw an opportunity that he could not miss and felt the time was right to negotiate a treaty with Spain since England held a great advantage. The only way Spain could be at an advantage was to recapture Jamaica or France and Holland to join in a potential war, which Charles was seeking to avoid.
460:
past. Moreover, it is agreed, that the Most Serene King of Great
Britain, his Heirs and Successors, shall have, hold, keep, and enjoy for ever, with plenary right of Sovereignty, Dominion, Possession, and Propriety, all those Lands, Regions, Islands, Colonies, and places whatsoever, being situated in the West Indies, or in any part of America, which the said King of Great Britain and his Subjects do at present hold and possess, so as that in regard thereof, or upon any colour or pretence whatsoever, nothing more may or ought to be urged, nor any question or controversy be ever moved concerning the same hereafter.
484:
233:
173:
164:
137:
126:
203:
222:
155:
115:
189:
491:
In Spain and its colonies, the treaty was hated and viewed by many as a humiliating surrender. Spain's military, economic and political weakness meant that it was unable to pose any will, which
England had taken easy advantage of. Spanish merchants in particular were unwilling to accept the treaty,
530:
Although piracy was suppressed, English ships were now able to roam the
Caribbean without hindrance. England had sought that in negotiations with Spain in 1655, but the Spanish had refused. Spain's acquiescence reversed its previous position that defined any English person in the West Indies as an
459:
Article VII. All offences, damages, losses, injuries, which the
Nations and People of Great Britain and Spain have at anytime heretofore, upon what cause and pretext soever, suffered by each other in America, shall be expunged out of remembrance and buried in oblivion, as if no such thing had ever
511:. The new logwood stations there were accepted by Spain but were not recognised and this increased as many ex privateers turned to logwooding. As such, the treaty did not establish any boundaries: Spain and England only adopted, in Article 7, the principle of actual possession. In
542:. The Spanish were furious, and the English saw that Morgan and Modyford had violated the treaty. To restore relations, both Modyford and Morgan were recalled and arrested. They went unpunished, however, and were released. Morgan was even knighted by Charles and made
414:
The original language of the treaty was in Latin, and the complete
English title was "A treaty for the composing of differences, restraining of depredations, and establishing of peace in America, between the crowns of Great Britain and Spain, concluded at Madrid the
499:
The treaty was highly favourable to
England, on the other hand, and the fact that Spain recognised England's colonies in the Americas was a major concession. In previous treaties, Spain had always insisted that the New World west of Brazil belonged to it alone.
376:
was signed between
England and Spain. Although favourable to the former in terms of trade, there was no mention of the American colonies or the Caribbean as rightful possessions. Attacks, therefore, continued, notably Morgan's brutal attack and sackings of
465:
Under the terms of the treaty, all letters of reprisal were revoked by Spain, and reciprocal aid to ships in distress along with permission to repair in each others ports were required.
503:
England effectively challenged Spain in the western
Caribbean, and subsequently used Jamaica as a base to support settlements all along the Central American Caribbean coast from the
408:
1251:
454:' claiming the Western Hemisphere for Spain on October 12, 1492. The Madrid treaty modified Tordesillas in favour of an English legal presence in the Americas.
1216:
37:
1201:
382:
1226:
1236:
1206:
1141:
937:
328:
The Anglo-Spanish War had begun in late 1654, as
England joined France in its conflict with Spain. In Europe, the conflict ended with the
1246:
535:
368:
As far as
Modyford was concerned, Jamaica would never be secure until Spain had acknowledged England's possession of Jamaica and the
278:
1160:
1122:
1103:
1082:
1061:
1040:
1021:
998:
979:
958:
58:
A treaty for the composing of differences, restraining of depredations, and establishing of peace in America, between the crowns of
619:
The origins of American diplomacy: the international history of Angloamerica, 1492-1763 American diplomatic history series Authors
693:
1241:
785:
724:
550:
416:
341:
893:
Arredondo's Historical Proof of Spain's Title to Georgia: A Contribution to the History of One of the Spanish Borderlands
1196:
543:
472:. Both agreed to refrain from trading in the other's Caribbean territory and to limit trading to their own possessions.
404:
119:
42:
340:
in 1660, but a treaty between England and Spain was never signed. The conflict in the Caribbean began with the English
534:
News of the treaty, however, did not reach the Caribbean in time for Henry Morgan, who on 28 January 1671 launched a
1231:
793:
516:
400:
142:
872:
277:
that was agreed to in July 1670 "for the settlement of all disputes in America". The treaty officially ended the
1211:
744:
1033:
The Rise and Fall of the American Empire: A Re-Interpretation of History, Economics and Philosophy: 1492-2006
373:
1221:
786:"Spanish-English Rivalry in the Caribbean, 1498–1670, Documents of West Indian History, vol. I: 1492–1655"
493:
329:
1115:
Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History : a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, Volume 1
887:
468:
England agreed to suppress piracy in the Caribbean, and in return, Spain agreed to permit English ships
447:
337:
333:
313:
226:
891:
308:. Before 1670, Spain had exclusively regarded the Americas as Spanish territory with the exception of
451:
396:
317:
130:
868:
469:
378:
345:
286:
241:
948:
520:
439:
435:
389:
293:
237:
221:
194:
154:
114:
430:
began to legally recognize in Article VII of the 1670 Treaty of Madrid, any territories in the
1181:
1156:
1137:
1118:
1099:
1078:
1057:
1036:
1017:
994:
975:
954:
933:
765:
748:
572:
357:
1176:
1093:
950:
European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies: Issue 254
728:
698:
523:, in 32°, 30' north latitude". As a result, it was met with consternation by the Spanish in
512:
483:
527:, who, despite protests, had to accept the newly encroached English colony of Charleston.
524:
365:
539:
1010:
682:
427:
369:
348:. The region thus remained in a state of war, and privateer raids were launched on the
991:
Anglo-Spanish Rivalry in Colonial South-East America, 1650–1725 Empires in Perspective
573:"Treaty between Great Britain and Spain for the settlement of all disputes in America"
1190:
798:
781:
297:
59:
361:
349:
710:
1072:
1051:
969:
661:
617:
434:
known as the Western Hemisphere that England's subjects had illegally settled by
1134:
Empire of Blue Water: Henry Morgan and the Pirates Who Ruled the Caribbean Waves
17:
702:
1095:
Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe
687:
504:
353:
46:
508:
395:
Negotiations began in the autumn of 1669 between the Spanish representative
282:
864:
431:
301:
730:
A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers, vol. II
270:
443:
309:
266:
94:
67:
292:
The 1670 Treaty of Madrid was highly favourable to England, as its
947:
Davenport, Frances Gardiner; Paullin, Charles Oscar, eds. (2004).
482:
305:
274:
232:
208:
172:
163:
136:
125:
63:
1074:
The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell's Bid for Empire
750:
ColecciĂłn histĂłrica completa de los tratados: 1493-1694, vol. I
896:. University of California Press. p. v–xiii, here p. vii.
515:, "this compact legalized England's ownership as far south as
320:' claim of the New World for Spain since 12 October 1494.
1012:
Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700, Volume 3
549:
Spain and England remained at peace until 1702 with the
442:
exclusively as Spanish territory with the exception of
438:. Before the 1670 treaty, Spain legally considered the
1113:
Sankey, Margaret (2006). Francis, John Michael (ed.).
863:Bolland, Nigel (January 1992). Merrill, Tim (ed.).
247:
215:
181:
148:
108:
100:
90:
75:
70:
the 8/18 day of July, in the year of our Lord 1670.
53:
1009:
767:British and Foreign State Papers, Volume 1, Part 1
686:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
456:
492:and the Spanish crown had to give special tax
475:The treaty was then ratified on 28 September.
1092:Stein, Stanley J.; Stein, Barbara H. (2000).
312:, which was Portuguese according to the 1494
8:
697:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
616:Fisher, Margaret Anne; Savelle, Max (1967).
590:
588:
586:
567:
565:
419:day of July, in the year of our Lord 1670".
30:
829:Davenport & Paulin pp. 99 & 188-89
29:
602:
600:
450:was Portuguese. That treaty acknowledged
971:The History of Jamaica from 1494 to 1838
849:
847:
837:
835:
770:. H. M. Stationery Office. p. 609.
694:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
561:
764:Great Britain. Foreign Office (1841).
364:under the behest of Jamaican Governor
733:. London: John Stockdale. p. 34.
27:1670 treaty between England and Spain
7:
1252:Spanish colonization of the Americas
332:(between France and Spain) and King
930:Buccaneer: Admiral Sir Henry Morgan
1217:17th century in the Cayman Islands
1050:PadrĂłn, Francisco Morales (2003).
25:
1182:Spanish translation of the treaty
1177:English translation of the treaty
1016:. University of Minnesota Press.
688:"Morgan, Sir Henry (c.1635–1688)"
1202:History of the Colony of Jamaica
1136:. London: Simon & Schuster.
753:. Paris: A. Durand. p. 169.
304:was confirmed and made legal by
231:
220:
201:
187:
171:
162:
153:
135:
124:
113:
36:
1071:Pestana, Carla Gardina (2017).
1227:Treaties of the Spanish Empire
886:Arredondo, Antonio de (1925).
544:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica
519:, and Spain's as far north as
1:
1237:17th century in the Caribbean
1207:History of the Cayman Islands
968:Ehrengardt, Thibault (2015).
953:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.
652:Davenport & Paulin p. 187
551:War of the Spanish Succession
487:Map of Jamaica from the 1670s
372:and in a treaty. In 1667 the
1077:. Harvard University Press.
989:Grady, Timothy Paul (2015).
711:UK public library membership
622:. Macmillan. pp. 66–70.
446:which according to the 1494
342:failed attempt on Hispaniola
1153:The Spanish Treasure Fleets
1151:Walton, Timothy R. (2002).
1008:McAlister, Lyle N. (1984).
344:, followed by a successful
1268:
1247:1670 in the British Empire
794:National Humanities Center
662:Fisher/Savelle p.65 (1967)
1056:. Ian Randle Publishers.
873:Federal Research Division
865:"A Country Study: Belize"
385:over the next two years.
35:
1031:Mirza, Rocky M. (2007).
1155:. Pineapple Press Inc.
1132:Talty, Stephan (2007).
1035:. Trafford Publishing.
703:10.1093/ref:odnb/19224
531:intruder or a pirate.
488:
463:
330:Treaty of the Pyrenees
1242:1670 in the Caribbean
577:The National Archives
486:
448:Treaty of Tordesillas
334:Charles II of England
314:Treaty of Tordesillas
285:in which England had
227:Charles II of England
168:Gaspar de Bracamonte
79:8 July 1670
928:Allen, H. R (1976).
452:Christopher Columbus
397:Gaspar de Bracamonte
318:Christopher Columbus
300:and the rest of the
261:, also known as the
131:Gaspar de Bracamonte
1197:Treaties of England
869:Library of Congress
470:freedom of movement
409:Envoy Extraordinary
346:invasion of Jamaica
316:that had confirmed
242:Charles II of Spain
32:
974:. Dread Editions.
489:
440:Western Hemisphere
436:adverse possession
294:adverse possession
238:Mariana of Austria
177:Count of Peñaranda
159:William Godolphin
1232:History of Madrid
1143:978-1-4165-0293-7
939:978-0-213-16569-7
888:Herbert E. Bolton
801:: PNM Publishing.
709:(Subscription or
672:Talty pp. 163–165
643:Sankey pp. 663-64
606:Padron pp.xiv-xxi
521:Santa Elena Sound
507:to (present day)
496:as compensation.
405:William Godolphin
358:Christopher Myngs
287:conquered Jamaica
279:war begun in 1654
255:
254:
120:William Godolphin
104:28 September 1670
43:William Godolphin
16:(Redirected from
1259:
1166:
1147:
1128:
1109:
1088:
1067:
1046:
1027:
1015:
1004:
985:
964:
943:
932:. Arthur Baker.
916:
913:
907:
904:
898:
897:
883:
877:
876:
860:
854:
851:
842:
839:
830:
827:
821:
818:
812:
811:Ehrengardt p. 61
809:
803:
802:
790:
778:
772:
771:
761:
755:
754:
741:
735:
734:
725:Chalmers, George
721:
715:
714:
706:
690:
679:
673:
670:
664:
659:
653:
650:
644:
641:
624:
623:
613:
607:
604:
595:
592:
581:
580:
569:
536:devastating raid
513:Northern America
374:Treaty of Madrid
263:Godolphin Treaty
259:Treaty of Madrid
236:
235:
225:
224:
211:
207:
205:
204:
197:
193:
191:
190:
176:
175:
167:
166:
158:
157:
140:
139:
129:
128:
118:
117:
86:
84:
40:
33:
31:Treaty of Madrid
21:
18:Godolphin Treaty
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1212:1670 in England
1187:
1186:
1173:
1163:
1150:
1144:
1131:
1125:
1112:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1070:
1064:
1053:Spanish Jamaica
1049:
1043:
1030:
1024:
1007:
1001:
988:
982:
967:
961:
946:
940:
927:
924:
919:
914:
910:
905:
901:
885:
884:
880:
862:
861:
857:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
824:
820:Stein pp. 63-64
819:
815:
810:
806:
788:
780:
779:
775:
763:
762:
758:
743:
742:
738:
723:
722:
718:
708:
683:Zahedieh, Nuala
681:
680:
676:
671:
667:
660:
656:
651:
647:
642:
627:
615:
614:
610:
605:
598:
593:
584:
571:
570:
563:
559:
481:
425:
366:Thomas Modyford
326:
230:
229:
219:
202:
200:
199:
198:
188:
186:
185:
170:
169:
161:
160:
152:
134:
133:
123:
122:
112:
82:
80:
66:, concluded at
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1171:External links
1169:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1148:
1142:
1129:
1123:
1110:
1104:
1089:
1083:
1068:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1028:
1022:
1005:
999:
986:
980:
965:
959:
944:
938:
923:
920:
918:
917:
908:
899:
878:
855:
843:
831:
822:
813:
804:
782:Williams, Eric
773:
756:
747:, ed. (1862).
736:
727:, ed. (1790).
716:
674:
665:
654:
645:
625:
608:
596:
594:Pestana p. 185
582:
560:
558:
555:
480:
477:
424:
421:
411:from England.
383:Lake Maracaibo
370:Cayman Islands
325:
322:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
217:
213:
212:
183:
179:
178:
150:
146:
145:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
77:
73:
72:
55:
51:
50:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1264:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:1670 treaties
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1162:9781561642618
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1124:9781851094219
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1105:9780801861352
1101:
1098:. JHU Press.
1097:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1084:9780674737310
1080:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1065:
1063:9780974215501
1059:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1042:9781425113834
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1023:9780816612161
1019:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1002:
1000:9781317323853
996:
993:. Routledge.
992:
987:
983:
981:9791094341018
977:
973:
972:
966:
962:
960:9781584774228
956:
952:
951:
945:
941:
935:
931:
926:
925:
921:
915:Walton p. 131
912:
909:
903:
900:
895:
894:
889:
882:
879:
874:
870:
866:
859:
856:
850:
848:
844:
838:
836:
832:
826:
823:
817:
814:
808:
805:
800:
799:Port of Spain
796:
795:
787:
783:
777:
774:
769:
768:
760:
757:
752:
751:
746:
745:Calvo, Cárlos
740:
737:
732:
731:
726:
720:
717:
712:
704:
700:
696:
695:
689:
684:
678:
675:
669:
666:
663:
658:
655:
649:
646:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
626:
621:
620:
612:
609:
603:
601:
597:
591:
589:
587:
583:
578:
574:
568:
566:
562:
556:
554:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
532:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
497:
495:
485:
478:
476:
473:
471:
466:
462:
461:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
422:
420:
418:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
386:
384:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:Caribbean Sea
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
250:
246:
243:
239:
234:
228:
223:
218:
214:
210:
196:
184:
180:
174:
165:
156:
151:
147:
144:
138:
132:
127:
121:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
78:
74:
71:
69:
65:
61:
60:Great Britain
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
1152:
1133:
1117:. ABC-CLIO.
1114:
1094:
1073:
1052:
1032:
1011:
990:
970:
949:
929:
922:Bibliography
911:
906:Pestana p. 2
902:
892:
881:
858:
825:
816:
807:
792:
776:
766:
759:
749:
739:
729:
719:
692:
677:
668:
657:
648:
618:
611:
576:
548:
533:
529:
502:
498:
490:
479:Consequences
474:
467:
464:
458:
457:
426:
413:
394:
387:
362:Henry Morgan
350:Spanish Main
327:
291:
262:
258:
256:
57:
853:Grady p. 66
841:Mirza p. 99
540:Panama City
399:, Count of
338:restoration
149:Signatories
109:Negotiators
1191:Categories
713:required.)
557:References
517:Charleston
379:Portobello
354:buccaneers
324:Background
83:1670-07-08
47:Peter Lely
579:. gov.uk.
509:Nicaragua
401:Peñaranda
388:In 1669,
283:Caribbean
216:Ratifiers
143:Peñaranda
141:Count of
101:Condition
784:(1963).
685:(2004).
432:Americas
356:notably
302:Americas
269:between
265:, was a
248:Language
91:Location
890:(ed.).
525:Florida
505:Yucatán
494:CĂ©dulas
403:, with
390:Mariana
352:led by
296:in the
281:in the
271:England
195:England
182:Parties
81: (
54:Context
1159:
1140:
1121:
1102:
1081:
1060:
1039:
1020:
997:
978:
957:
936:
707:
444:Brazil
310:Brazil
267:treaty
206:
192:
95:Madrid
76:Signed
68:Madrid
789:(PDF)
428:Spain
423:Terms
306:Spain
275:Spain
251:Latin
209:Spain
64:Spain
1157:ISBN
1138:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1037:ISBN
1018:ISBN
995:ISBN
976:ISBN
955:ISBN
934:ISBN
417:8/18
381:and
360:and
273:and
257:The
240:for
62:and
699:doi
538:on
336:'s
45:by
1193::
871::
867:.
846:^
834:^
797:.
791:.
691:.
628:^
599:^
585:^
575:.
564:^
553:.
546:.
407:,
289:.
1165:.
1146:.
1127:.
1108:.
1087:.
1066:.
1045:.
1026:.
1003:.
984:.
963:.
942:.
875:.
705:.
701::
85:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
