566:, with the name "Google" being an accidental misspelling of "googol" by the company's founders, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information. In 2004, family members of Kasner, who had inherited the right to his book, were considering suing Google for their use of the term "googol"; however, no suit was ever filed.
569:
Since
October 2009, Google has been assigning domain names to its servers under the domain "1e100.net", the scientific notation for 1 googol, in order to provide a single domain to identify servers across the Google network.
507:
705:
410:
949:
532:
0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 1, 0, 1, 4, 3, 4, 10, 0, 4, 10, 9, 0, 4, 12, 13, 16, 0, 16, 10, 4, 16, 10, 5, 0, 1, 4, 25, 28, 10, 28, 16, 0, 1, 4, 31, 12, 10, 36, 27, 16, 11, 0, ... (sequence
190:
584:
575:
539:
427:
1149:
249:
A googol has no special significance in mathematics. However, it is useful when comparing with other very large quantities, such as the number of
261:, and in this role it is sometimes used in teaching mathematics. To put in perspective the size of a googol, the mass of an electron, just under
510:
945:
993:
869:
748:
721:
669:
710:
The relevant passage about the googol and googolplex, attributing both of these names to Kasner's nine-year-old nephew, is available in
689:
972:
893:
1423:
1052:
699:
1019:
814:
Page, Don N. (1976-01-15). "Particle emission rates from a black hole: Massless particles from an uncharged, nonrotating hole".
1101:
352:
209:
644:
204:
1458:
1338:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1343:
1273:
1333:
1142:
373:
1288:
573:
The word is notable for being the subject of the ÂŁ1 million question in a 2001 episode of the
British quiz show
1433:
417:
348:
1532:
1418:
1283:
919:
1527:
1496:
965:
Masters of
Mathematics: The Problems They Solved, Why These Are Important, and What You Should Know about Them
1517:
152:
1491:
1386:
1135:
616:
359:
214:
130:
321:
grains. If the much larger observable universe of today were filled with sand, it would still only equal
1453:
1443:
1381:
421:
199:
The term was coined in 1920 by 9-year-old Milton
Sirotta (1911–1981), nephew of American mathematician
823:
314:
1328:
325:
grains. Another 100,000 observable universes filled with sand would be necessary to make a googol.
250:
238:
989:
1376:
521:
517:
1278:
1268:
601:
1041:
Falk, Quentin; Falk, Ben (2005), "A Code and a Cough: Who Wants to Be a
Millionaire? (1998–)",
772:
1522:
1072:
1048:
1042:
968:
865:
839:
744:
717:
695:
676:
665:
606:
340:
309:
1298:
1248:
831:
292:
1044:
Television's
Strangest Moments: Extraordinary But True Tales from the History of Television
897:
257:
game. Kasner used it to illustrate the difference between an unimaginably large number and
1438:
52:
827:
1468:
1359:
1293:
1258:
580:
1015:
1511:
1428:
1203:
1183:
1158:
200:
37:
1113:
636:
287:
pointed out that the total number of elementary particles in the universe is around
1463:
48:
51:
10 or ten to the power of one hundred. In decimal notation, it is written as the
859:
738:
659:
1473:
1413:
1109:
222:
138:
502:{\displaystyle 10^{100}=2^{(100/\mathrm {log} _{10}2)}\approx 2^{332.19280949}}
1478:
1263:
1093:
796:
596:
551:
547:
335:
329:
317:(roughly 2 light years in diameter), if fully packed with sand, would contain
304:
284:
230:
146:
56:
843:
1369:
1364:
1198:
1080:
1075:
835:
413:
265:, can be compared to the mass of the visible universe, estimated at between
716:. Vol. 3. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. pp. 2007–2010.
1303:
611:
258:
253:
in the visible universe or the number of hypothetical possibilities in a
17:
1193:
562:
Widespread sounding of the word occurs through the name of the company
296:
923:
299:
so that there would be no empty space anywhere, there would be around
281:, or at most one ten-billionth of a googol (0.00000001% of a googol).
203:. He may have been inspired by the contemporary comic strip character
1448:
1188:
563:
509:. However, a googol is well within the maximum bounds of an IEEE 754
33:
743:(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 494.
303:. He also noted the similarity of the second calculation to that of
355:
is lower-bounded to occur at least one googol years in the future.
254:
1127:
1089:
1131:
1178:
534:
740:
587:
with the help of a confederate in the studio audience.
424:, one would need 333 bits to represent a googol, i.e.,
864:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 20.
528:) of one googol, starting with mod 1, is as follows:
430:
376:
155:
946:"Have your Google people talk to my 'googol' people"
1399:
1352:
1321:
1312:
1165:
501:
404:
295:) and that if the whole universe were packed with
207:. Kasner popularized the concept in his 1940 book
184:
990:"Google doppelgänger casts riddle over interwebs"
771:McPherson, Kristine (2006). Elert, Glenn (ed.).
637:"There Could Be No Google Without Edward Kasner"
405:{\displaystyle 70!\approx 1.1979\times 10^{100}}
822:(2). American Physical Society (APS): 198–206.
313:. By Archimedes's calculation, the universe of
225:(commonly used in English speaking countries),
513:type without full precision in the mantissa.
29:Large number defined as ten to the 100th power
1143:
8:
967:. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. p. 221.
1318:
1150:
1136:
1128:
1047:, Franz Steiner Verlag, pp. 245–246,
803:. Book Club Associates. pp. 220–221.
688:Kasner, Edward; Newman, James R. (1940).
546:This sequence is the same as that of the
493:
472:
461:
455:
448:
435:
429:
396:
375:
173:
160:
154:
664:. Oxford University Press. p. 120.
358:A googol is considerably smaller than a
647:from the original on November 30, 2016.
627:
273:. It is a ratio in the order of about
185:{\displaystyle 2^{100}\times 5^{100}.}
896:. Stanford University. Archived from
7:
1022:from the original on 9 January 2016
861:Infinity: A Very Short Introduction
370:A googol is approximately equal to
661:The Hidden History of Coined Words
468:
465:
462:
328:The decay time for a supermassive
25:
1424:Indefinite and fictitious numbers
996:from the original on 3 March 2016
952:from the original on 2014-09-04.
848:See in particular equation (27).
708:from the original on 2014-07-03.
694:. Simon and Schuster, New York.
585:cheated his way through the show
691:Mathematics and the Imagination
511:double-precision floating point
332:of roughly 1 galaxy-mass (
210:Mathematics and the Imagination
892:Koller, David (January 2004).
712:James R. Newman, ed. (2000) .
641:The Wall Street Journal Online
635:Bialik, Carl (June 14, 2004).
576:Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
481:
449:
149:). Its prime factorization is
1:
1339:Conway chained arrow notation
1100:Padilla, Tony; Symonds, Ria.
988:Cade Metz (8 February 2010).
922:. Google, Inc. Archived from
894:"Origin of the name "Google""
554:up until the 17th position.
1549:
1434:Largest known prime number
963:Nowlan, Robert A. (2017).
217:for this quantity include
55:1 followed by one hundred
31:
1487:
1419:Extended real number line
1334:Knuth's up-arrow notation
737:Bromham, Lindell (2016).
227:ten thousand sexdecillion
1344:Steinhaus–Moser notation
714:The world of mathematics
32:Not to be confused with
1102:"Googol and Googolplex"
836:10.1103/physrevd.13.198
583:was discovered to have
1387:Fast-growing hierarchy
920:"Google! Beta website"
773:"Mass of the universe"
617:Names of large numbers
503:
406:
186:
1444:Long and short scales
1382:Grzegorczyk hierarchy
858:Stewart, Ian (2017).
504:
422:binary numeral system
407:
187:
1016:"What is 1e100.net?"
926:on February 21, 1999
777:The Physics Factbook
658:Ralph Keyes (2021).
428:
374:
219:ten duotrigintillion
153:
135:ten duotrigintillion
1459:Orders of magnitude
1329:Scientific notation
828:1976PhRvD..13..198P
677:Extract of page 120
343:is on the order of
251:subatomic particles
239:Peletier long scale
1377:Ackermann function
1073:Weisstein, Eric W.
579:, when contestant
518:modular arithmetic
499:
402:
353:expanding universe
182:
1505:
1504:
1395:
1394:
871:978-0-19-875523-4
816:Physical Review D
750:978-0-19-873636-3
723:978-0-486-41151-4
671:978-0-19-046677-0
416:of 70). Using an
347:. Therefore, the
341:Hawking radiation
310:The Sand Reckoner
235:ten sexdecilliard
143:ten sexdecilliard
16:(Redirected from
1540:
1533:1920s neologisms
1319:
1249:Eddington number
1194:Hundred thousand
1152:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1112:. Archived from
1086:
1085:
1059:
1057:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
992:. The Register.
985:
979:
978:
960:
954:
953:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
900:on June 27, 2012
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
855:
849:
847:
811:
805:
804:
793:
787:
786:
784:
783:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
734:
728:
727:
709:
685:
679:
675:
655:
649:
648:
632:
548:residues (mod n)
537:
520:, the series of
508:
506:
505:
500:
498:
497:
485:
484:
477:
476:
471:
459:
440:
439:
411:
409:
408:
403:
401:
400:
346:
338:
324:
320:
302:
293:Eddington number
290:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
191:
189:
188:
183:
178:
177:
165:
164:
126:
124:
122:
120:
118:
116:
114:
112:
110:
108:
106:
104:
102:
100:
98:
96:
94:
92:
90:
88:
86:
84:
82:
80:
78:
76:
74:
72:
70:
68:
66:
64:
62:
21:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1528:Units of amount
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1483:
1439:List of numbers
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1348:
1314:
1308:
1279:Graham's number
1269:Skewes's number
1171:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1119:
1117:
1099:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
987:
986:
982:
975:
962:
961:
957:
948:. 16 May 2004.
944:
943:
939:
929:
927:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
891:
890:
886:
876:
874:
872:
857:
856:
852:
813:
812:
808:
795:
794:
790:
781:
779:
770:
769:
765:
755:
753:
751:
736:
735:
731:
724:
711:
702:
687:
686:
682:
672:
657:
656:
652:
634:
633:
629:
625:
602:Graham's number
593:
560:
558:Cultural impact
533:
489:
460:
444:
431:
426:
425:
392:
372:
371:
368:
344:
333:
322:
318:
300:
288:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
247:
197:
169:
156:
151:
150:
131:systematic name
41:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1518:Large integers
1510:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:Power of three
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1449:Number systems
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:(alphabetical
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1360:Hyperoperation
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1274:Moser's number
1271:
1266:
1261:
1259:Shannon number
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1097:
1087:
1066:
1065:External links
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1033:
1018:. Google Inc.
1007:
980:
974:978-9463008938
973:
955:
937:
911:
884:
870:
850:
806:
788:
763:
749:
729:
722:
700:
680:
670:
650:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
614:
609:
607:Skewes' number
604:
599:
592:
589:
581:Charles Ingram
559:
556:
544:
543:
496:
492:
488:
483:
480:
475:
470:
467:
464:
458:
454:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
399:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
367:
364:
246:
243:
196:
193:
181:
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1545:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Infinitesimal
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1398:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Rayo's number
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1164:
1160:
1159:Large numbers
1153:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1116:on 2014-03-29
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1054:9781861058744
1050:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1034:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
995:
991:
984:
981:
976:
970:
966:
959:
956:
951:
947:
941:
938:
925:
921:
915:
912:
899:
895:
888:
885:
873:
867:
863:
862:
854:
851:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
810:
807:
802:
798:
792:
789:
778:
774:
767:
764:
752:
746:
742:
741:
733:
730:
725:
719:
715:
707:
703:
701:0-486-41703-4
697:
693:
692:
684:
681:
678:
673:
667:
663:
662:
654:
651:
646:
642:
638:
631:
628:
622:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
577:
571:
567:
565:
557:
555:
553:
549:
541:
536:
531:
530:
529:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
494:
490:
486:
478:
473:
456:
452:
445:
441:
436:
432:
423:
419:
415:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
365:
363:
361:
356:
354:
350:
345:10 years
342:
337:
331:
326:
316:
312:
311:
306:
298:
294:
286:
282:
260:
256:
252:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
206:
205:Barney Google
202:
201:Edward Kasner
194:
192:
179:
174:
170:
166:
161:
157:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
38:Nikolai Gogol
35:
27:
19:
1464:Power of two
1454:Number names
1253:
1189:Ten thousand
1118:. Retrieved
1114:the original
1105:
1079:
1043:
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
1010:
998:. Retrieved
983:
964:
958:
940:
928:. Retrieved
924:the original
914:
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
887:
875:. Retrieved
860:
853:
819:
815:
809:
800:
791:
780:. Retrieved
776:
766:
754:. Retrieved
739:
732:
713:
690:
683:
660:
653:
640:
630:
574:
572:
568:
561:
545:
525:
515:
495:332.19280949
369:
357:
336:solar masses
327:
308:
283:
248:
234:
226:
218:
208:
198:
142:
134:
60:
49:large number
44:
42:
26:
1474:Power of 10
1414:Busy beaver
1219:Quintillion
1214:Quadrillion
1110:Brady Haran
1106:Numberphile
1026:30 December
1000:30 December
930:October 12,
797:Sagan, Carl
315:Aristarchus
223:short scale
139:short scale
125:000,
123:000,
121:000,
119:000,
117:000,
115:000,
113:000,
111:000,
109:000,
107:000,
105:000,
103:000,
101:000,
99:000,
97:000,
95:000,
93:000,
91:000,
89:000,
87:000,
85:000,
83:000,
81:000,
79:000,
77:000,
75:000,
73:000,
71:000,
69:000,
67:000,
65:000,
63:000,
1512:Categories
1479:Sagan Unit
1313:Expression
1264:Googolplex
1229:Septillion
1224:Sextillion
1170:numerical
1120:2013-04-06
1094:PlanetMath
782:2019-08-24
623:References
597:Googolplex
552:googolplex
366:Properties
360:centillion
349:heat death
330:black hole
305:Archimedes
285:Carl Sagan
271:10 kg
263:10 kg
231:long scale
147:long scale
127:000
1370:Pentation
1365:Tetration
1353:Operators
1322:Notations
1244:Decillion
1239:Nonillion
1234:Octillion
1166:Examples
1081:MathWorld
877:April 15,
844:0556-2821
756:April 15,
487:≈
414:factorial
390:×
384:≈
339:) due to
195:Etymology
167:×
18:Googolgon
1523:Integers
1402:articles
1400:Related
1304:Infinity
1209:Trillion
1184:Thousand
1076:"Googol"
1020:Archived
994:Archived
950:Archived
799:(1981).
706:Archived
645:Archived
612:Infinity
591:See also
522:residues
418:integral
334:10
297:neutrons
259:infinity
213:. Other
1497:History
1315:methods
1289:SSCG(3)
1284:TREE(3)
1204:Billion
1199:Million
1179:Hundred
904:July 4,
824:Bibcode
538:in the
535:A066298
237:on the
229:on the
221:on the
47:is the
1406:order)
1254:Googol
1090:Googol
1051:
971:
868:
842:
801:Cosmos
747:
720:
698:
668:
564:Google
516:Using
387:1.1979
351:of an
129:. Its
57:zeroes
45:googol
34:Google
1492:Names
1294:BH(3)
1172:order
550:of a
524:(mod
291:(the
255:chess
233:, or
215:names
141:) or
53:digit
1049:ISBN
1028:2015
1002:2015
969:ISBN
932:2010
906:2012
879:2022
866:ISBN
840:ISSN
758:2022
745:ISBN
718:ISBN
696:ISBN
666:ISBN
540:OEIS
269:and
245:Size
1092:at
832:doi
453:100
437:100
398:100
307:in
277:to
175:100
162:100
133:is
61:10,
36:or
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1168:in
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820:13
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775:.
704:.
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639:.
474:10
433:10
420:,
394:10
378:70
362:.
323:10
319:10
301:10
289:10
279:10
275:10
267:10
241:.
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43:A
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1123:.
1096:.
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1030:.
1004:.
977:.
934:.
908:.
881:.
846:.
834::
826::
785:.
760:.
726:.
674:.
542:)
526:n
491:2
482:)
479:2
469:g
466:o
463:l
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442:=
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381:!
180:.
171:5
158:2
145:(
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40:.
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