31:
1434:
498:, which brought some works whose copyright had lapsed back under copyright, violated First Amendment rights of so-called reliance parties, i.e., parties who had been using a work formerly in the public domain before the URAA became effective, relying on the work being in the public domain, and who would now no longer be able to do so. He wrote,
502:
In the United States, that body of law includes the bedrock principle that works in the public domain remain in the public domain. Removing works from the public domain violated
Plaintiffs’ vested First Amendment interests. Accordingly—to the extent Section 514 suppresses the right of reliance
751:
The majority held that "The Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne), which took effect in 1886, is the principal accord governing international copyright relations." The court also held that changing the term of copyright for works in such a way that it diminishes
468:
However, the
Appeals Court did find "Based on the Eldred Court’s analysis, we examine the bedrock principle of copyright law that works in the public domain remain there and conclude that § 514 alters the traditional contours of copyright protection by deviating from this principle" and concluded
324:
The two main arguments against the application of the Act in the case were that restoring copyright violates the "limited time" language of the United States
Constitution's Copyright Clause, and that restoring to copyright works that had passed into the public domain interferes with the people's
332:
The US Supreme Court held on
January 18, 2012 that Section 514 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act does not exceed Congress's authority under the Copyright Clause, and the court affirmed the judgment of the lower court by 6–2, with the opinion written by
510:
On June 21, 2010, the Tenth
Circuit reversed the judgment of the district court and remanded with instructions to grant summary judgment in favor of the government, thus upholding the constitutionality of the URAA copyright restoration. Golan filed for
772:
The statute before us, however, does not encourage anyone to produce a single new work. By definition, it bestows monetary rewards only on owners of old works—works that have already been created and already are in the
American public
4479:
3742:
2265:
2297:
5621:
3718:
493:
filed suit. In a holding published on April 3, 2009, Judge
Babcock reversed his earlier finding that the First Amendment was not applicable to resurrecting foreign copyright claims. Judge Babcock found that aspects of the 1994
5468:
1727:
5463:
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4319:
4271:
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6367:
4487:
3782:
3652:
5896:
5679:
5395:
4631:
4599:
4279:
962:
433:
370:
2436:
816:, S.A. Publishing Co., Ind., d/b/a/ ESS.A.Y. Recordings, Symphony of the Canyons, Ron Hall d/b/a/ Festival Films, and John McDonough, d/b/a/ Timeless Video Alternatives International v.
6347:
6206:
5792:
4287:
3883:
347:, are no longer in the public domain and are subject to use only with the permission of the copyright holder, such as through paid licensing, until their copyright term expires again.
2716:
1998:
5995:
5703:
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5616:
4708:
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He also indicated a possible solution by suggesting that the protection of reliance parties be made not limited in time. However, further appeals by copyright owners were expected.
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149:
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of 1994, which implemented the provisions of trade agreements seeking to equalize copyright protection on an international basis. In the United States, the Act newly granted
503:
parties to use works they exploited while the works were in the public domain—Section 514 is substantially broader than necessary to achieve the
Government’s interest.
6011:
4215:
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2225:
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2313:
1873:
4255:
166:"Limited time" language of Copyright Clause does not preclude the extension of copyright protections to works previously in the public domain. Tenth Circuit affirmed.
1404:
Pelanda, Brian (2010). "Copyright's 'Traditional
Contours' and 'Bedrock Principles': Golan's Potential to Secure First Amendment Protection Over the Public Domain".
5955:
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3319:
727:
469:"since § 514 has altered the traditional contours of copyright protection in a manner that implicates plaintiffs' right to free expression, it must be subject to
329:
right to use, copy and otherwise exploit the works and to freely express themselves through these works, thus also violating the Constitution's Copyright Clause.
5431:
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asking for the Court to hear the case. On March 7, 2011, the Court granted the writ of certiorari. Oral argument was held October 5, 2011.
940:
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On January 18, 2012, the Supreme Court affirmed the Tenth Circuit's decision 6–2. The majority opinion was written by
630:
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or eliminates rights in the work (in this case the right of the public to the works) does not violate the
393:
337:. The practical effect of the decision is to confirm that works that were previously free to use, such as
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does not preclude the extension of copyright protections to works previously in the public domain.
209:
1522:
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In particular, the case challenged the constitutionality of the application of Section 514 of the
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110:
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2019:
1735:
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1014:
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and joined by Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, and Sotomayor. The dissent was written by
634:
409:
225:
201:
197:
125:
1533:
5963:
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5140:
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4929:
4623:
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1711:
1433:
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189:
63:
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3130:
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1597:
1139:
835:
527:
429:
401:
299:
1090:
388:
The case affected the copyright status of potentially millions of works, including:
137:
5009:
3798:
1518:
1349:
1127:
1108:
990:. Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. December 3, 2004
813:
490:
221:
181:
141:
838:
was the Attorney General at the time it was originally filed, and was recaptioned
2773:
1295:
1232:
847:
415:
233:
107:
1056:
3701:
2396:
1439:
1352:(2013). "Dissemination Must Serve Authors: How the U.S. Supreme Court Erred".
512:
145:
4480:
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
3743:
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
1018:
338:
318:
295:
86:
3719:
San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee
2266:
Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon
5622:
WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act
5469:
Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States
1728:
Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
1500:
1206:
1159:
987:
114:
5464:
Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States
2298:
United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority
54:
Lawrence Golan, et al. v. Eric H. Holder, Jr., Attorney General, et al.
1526:
873:
4320:
Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.
3916:
Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.
977:, No. 01-B-1854, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6800 (D. Colo April 20, 2005).
846:
when it was reconsidered, to reflect that the office was occupied by
670:
2621:
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.
1311:"SCOTUS Adds More Fuel to the Copyright Debate With Golan V. Holder"
4272:
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.
3022:
Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.
1260:
by Feldmahler, IMSLP journal, June 12, 2011. Accessed June 15, 2011
916:"Public Domain Works Can Be Copyrighted Anew, Supreme Court Rules"
465:
does not exceed the limitations inherent in the Copyright Clause.
1375:"Is the Copyright Public Domain Irrevocable? An Introduction to
1296:"EFF Urges Supreme Court to Block Law That Erodes Public Domain"
842:
when Gonzales assumed the office. The case's title later became
263:
Kagan took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
122:
5377:
5277:
5235:
5028:
4910:
4830:
4756:
4488:
J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
2804:
2747:
2017:
1900:
1852:
1807:
1754:
1685:
1632:
1579:
1537:
526:(IMSLP, Petrucci Music Library) announced they would submit an
250:
Ginsburg, joined by Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Sotomayor
30:
3783:
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
3653:
Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.
1523:"Fair Use: Affirmative Defense or Right? Do I Have to Choose?"
4280:
Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.
4632:
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
4600:
Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.
943:, 'Separate Decision Upholds Copyright Law', NPR, 2012-1-18.
1140:
Stanford Center for Internet and Society: Golan v. Gonzales
1104:
Court: Congress can't put public domain back into copyright
2437:
Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States
434:
United States District Court for the District of Colorado
373:
dismissed the plaintiffs' challenge to that act in 2004 (
371:
United States District Court for the District of Colorado
321:
status to foreign works previously in the public domain.
6207:
Elektra Records Co. v. Gem Electronic Distributors, Inc.
4288:
Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.
3884:
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
1258:"Golan v. Holder: Should Shostakovich be Public Domain?"
5325:
Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
2717:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
2066:
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
1999:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
6368:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
5996:
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
5657:
Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act
5617:
Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
3751:
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.
2952:
General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.
377:). The remaining constitutional challenge to the 1994
6020:
Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.
5948:
Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.
5785:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
4004:
Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com
3844:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
2920:
Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.
2170:
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission
784:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 565
695:
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
481:
A related issue was then brought before the court as
473:
review." It remanded the case to the district court.
461:, and the district court's holding that § 514 of the
6028:
Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.
4584:
Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
4170:
Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.
3711:
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
3006:
City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.
2645:
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
2330:
Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas
748:
and joined by Justice Alito. Justice Kagan recused.
690:
The International Coalition for Copyright Protection
680:
briefs in support of the respondents were filed by:
449:
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
6190:
5907:
5702:
5693:
5672:
5649:
5632:
5557:
5541:
5525:
5484:
5477:
5068:
5045:
4706:
4496:
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.
4360:
Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.
4204:
4038:
3825:
3700:
3671:
3641:
3508:
3423:
3370:
3165:
3040:
2962:
2900:
2855:
2818:
2761:
2348:
2031:
1075:, April 6, 2009. URL last accessed January 5, 2010.
874:"Argument preview: Copyright and the public domain"
267:
254:
246:
241:
170:
160:
99:
94:
69:
59:
49:
42:
23:
6012:Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.
4216:Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.
4066:Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser
2226:South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke
1160:"(Updated) Golan v. Holder Heads To Supreme Court"
1072:Ochoa on Golan v. Holder and Copyright Restoration
302:. It held that the "limited time" language of the
4876:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr
4520:Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
4456:Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
4256:Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.
3759:TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.
2541:United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n
6092:Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd.
4892:Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam
4734:Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.
4688:TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC
3767:Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.
3312:United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.
2314:Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne
2218:White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers
1874:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
941:High Court Sides With Man Abandoned By Attorneys
722:Franklin Pierce Center for Intellectual Property
661:(which also joined the Internet Archive's brief)
6348:United States Constitution Article One case law
5956:Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.
5857:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
5189:Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.
4656:Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.
4432:Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
3988:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
2461:A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
1354:Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues
1207:"Supreme Court grants cert. in Golan v. Holder"
824:, and Marybeth Peters, Register of Copyrights,
770:
538:, represented IMSLP. Other parties that filed
451:affirmed the district court's dismissal of the
6215:Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc.
6052:Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l
5769:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
5205:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
4664:Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.
4368:Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.
4154:Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.
4074:International News Service v. Associated Press
3599:F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.
3591:Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons
3458:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
3320:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
728:American Intellectual Property Law Association
591:Eagle Forum Education & Legal Defense Fund
542:briefs in support of the petitioners include:
5432:Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices
5389:
4718:G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.
4560:Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
4082:L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.
3924:Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
2589:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
1549:
569:Association of College and Research Libraries
8:
3682:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
3527:DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.
3397:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
886:
884:
882:
6132:Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha
5777:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
5549:Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988
5149:Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell
4186:Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting
3996:Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.
3868:Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid
3836:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
3631:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
2509:McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.
2274:C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown
1442:has original text related to this article:
428:The case was heard by District Chief Judge
6148:Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
6004:American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.
5699:
5481:
5396:
5382:
5374:
5274:
5232:
5042:
5025:
4907:
4827:
4753:
4504:Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.
2815:
2801:
2758:
2744:
2453:Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen
2306:Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis
2028:
2014:
1897:
1849:
1804:
1751:
1682:
1629:
1576:
1556:
1542:
1534:
595:Professor Daniel J. Gervais (Professor at
20:
6116:Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.
4264:Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.
4162:Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover
3442:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
3405:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
3389:Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
3381:Straus v. American Publishers Association
3288:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
524:International Music Score Library Project
5849:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4576:Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.
4296:Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.
4050:American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister
3972:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3280:Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.
2493:NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
2202:Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.
1943:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
1112:, April 6, 2009. Accessed April 6, 2009.
868:
866:
702:Intellectual Property Owners Association
557:University of Michigan Dean of Libraries
5737:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
5606:Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998
5181:Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus
4592:Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership
3908:Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.
3623:Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.
3583:Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.
3208:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
2338:National Pork Producers Council v. Ross
2258:Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt
2082:George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy
1951:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
1309:Gagnier, Christina (January 18, 2012).
1271:"Docket 10-545: Proceedings and Orders"
862:
800:
6271:Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc.
6044:A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
5940:Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates
5924:Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co.
5833:Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A.
5640:Family Entertainment and Copyright Act
4544:KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.
4440:Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.
4194:Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken
3860:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
2501:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
1211:The Center for Internet and Technology
1164:The Center for Internet and Technology
1158:Falzone, Anthony (February 20, 2011).
6239:RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc.
5349:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
5109:Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
4680:Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
4648:Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
4448:Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.
4232:United States v. General Electric Co.
4012:Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.
3980:Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.
3815:Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.
3735:Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.
2525:United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.
2421:Southern Railway Co. v. United States
2050:Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.
1635:Qualifications Clauses of Sections II
826:Copyright Office of the United States
822:Attorney General of the United States
709:Motion Picture Association of America
18:2012 United States Supreme Court case
7:
6255:Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC
6231:Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.
6108:Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
5881:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
5173:U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey
4114:George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.
4028:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
3727:Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.
3661:Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.
3450:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
3304:Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.
3296:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
2669:Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
2381:Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson
2210:Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
2162:Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
1060:. URL last accessed January 5, 2010.
686:International Publishers Association
584:Santa Clara University School of Law
140:(D. Colo. 2009); reversed, 609 F.3d
6263:Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc.
6164:Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.
6036:Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp.
5897:Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith
5825:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
5507:International Copyright Act of 1891
4726:Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.
4672:Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC
3948:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
3775:Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.
3482:Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.
3425:International Copyright Act of 1891
2186:Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland
6373:Public domain in the United States
6223:Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena
6068:In re Aimster Copyright Litigation
5980:Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd.
5889:Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.
5801:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
5571:Copyright Remedy Clarification Act
5405:Copyright law of the United States
4536:MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.
3900:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
3791:POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.
2629:Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
2613:National League of Cities v. Usery
2178:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
2130:Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.
1720:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
1659:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
1606:Department of Commerce v. New York
1275:Supreme Court of the United States
1205:Falzone, Anthony (March 7, 2011).
534:students, supervised by Professor
517:Supreme Court of the United States
381:was dismissed the following year (
357:Supreme Court of the United States
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
6363:United States Supreme Court cases
6124:Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc.
5916:Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc.
4552:Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
4512:eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.
4384:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
4224:Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde
3575:Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson
3559:Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.
3413:Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.
2517:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
2405:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
2282:West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy
1478:302 (2012) is available from:
914:Liptak, Adam (January 18, 2012).
573:Association of Research Libraries
5873:Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street.com
5865:Star Athletica v. Varsity Brands
5611:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
5357:Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado
4464:Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.
4240:United States v. Univis Lens Co.
4090:Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.
2154:Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.
2138:National Bellas Hess v. Illinois
2114:Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison
2074:Swift & Co. v. United States
1432:
629:Professors and Fellows from the
597:Vanderbilt University Law School
436:in 2005. It was appealed at the
29:
6313:Home Recording Rights Coalition
4970:Garner v. Board of Public Works
4098:Educational Films Corp. v. Ward
3956:Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick
3328:Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n
2557:H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
2106:Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona
1239:. Cornell University Law School
807:The full title of the case was
6358:2012 in United States case law
5426:United States Copyright Office
3147:Mifflin v. R. H. White Company
2090:Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.
1959:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
1057:Definition of "reliance party"
872:Denniston, Lyle, (2011-10-04)
820:, in his official capacity as
641:American Civil Liberties Union
549:Electronic Frontier Foundation
530:brief in the case; a group of
1:
6172:Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
6140:Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc.
6076:NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute
5577:Copyright Renewal Act of 1992
5157:W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh
5085:Dartmouth College v. Woodward
3673:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
3466:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
3372:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
2944:Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell
2845:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
2322:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
2242:Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.
1834:United States v. Munoz-Flores
1386:Vanderbilt Law Review en Banc
988:"Revoking the Public Domain?"
290:, 565 U.S. 302 (2012), was a
6279:Hachette v. Internet Archive
6247:Mannion v. Coors Brewing Co.
5600:Copyright Term Extension Act
5588:Uruguay Round Agreements Act
5259:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
3932:New York Times Co. v. Tasini
2936:Schillinger v. United States
2573:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
2122:Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland
1091:611 F. Supp. 2d 1165
959:310 F. Supp. 2d 1215
659:American Library Association
626:The Justice and Freedom Fund
580:Lewis & Clark Law School
565:American Library Association
496:Uruguay Round Agreements Act
443:On September 4, 2007, Judge
379:Uruguay Round Agreements Act
361:Copyright Term Extension Act
315:Uruguay Round Agreements Act
274:Uruguay Round Agreements Act
5761:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
4759:Necessary and Proper Clause
4528:LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.
3852:Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder
3336:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
2477:Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
2250:Quill Corp. v. North Dakota
1882:Clinton v. City of New York
1237:Legal Information Institute
876:, Bloomberg Law, SCOTUSblog
768:Breyer, dissenting, wrote:
631:Information Society Project
6389:
6060:Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp.
5165:City of El Paso v. Simmons
4812:United States v. Kebodeaux
4304:Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther
2565:Henderson v. United States
2146:Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.
2058:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
1903:Taxing and Spending Clause
1501:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1233:"Golan v. Holder (10-545)"
1130: (10th Cir. 2010).
789:List of copyright case law
578:H. Tomas Gomez-Arostegui (
304:United States Constitution
6353:Copyright Clause case law
6293:
6156:Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc
5565:Visual Artists Rights Act
5411:
5301:Virginia v. West Virginia
5287:
5273:
5245:
5231:
5041:
5024:
4924:
4913:No Bills of Attainder or
4906:
4846:
4826:
4804:United States v. Comstock
4766:
4752:
4146:Commissioner v. Wodehouse
3551:Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles
3498:Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.
2814:
2800:
2757:
2743:
2701:United States v. Morrison
2653:New York v. United States
2549:North American Co. v. SEC
2485:Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
2027:
2013:
1935:Springer v. United States
1913:
1896:
1862:
1848:
1820:
1803:
1767:
1750:
1698:
1681:
1645:
1628:
1592:
1575:
1392:: 123–146. Archived from
1093: (D. Colo. 2009).
653:Music Library Association
272:
262:
175:
165:
117:2004); affirmed sub nom.
28:
6326:You Wouldn't Steal a Car
5582:Audio Home Recording Act
5093:Sturges v. Crowninshield
4986:Barr v. City of Columbia
4938:Sturges v. Crowninshield
4696:Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.
4328:Graham v. John Deere Co.
4122:KVOS v. Associated Press
3892:Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.
3690:Dowling v. United States
3474:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
3434:Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe
3352:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
1826:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
1781:United States v. Johnson
1514:at cyber.law.harvard.edu
1373:Ochoa, Tyler T. (2011).
830:The case was originally
716:American Bar Association
455:claim, as foreclosed by
45:Decided January 18, 2012
5663:Music Modernization Act
5594:No Electronic Theft Act
5457:Section 108 Study Group
5197:Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton
4400:Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.
4178:Goldstein v. California
4106:Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal
3519:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
3490:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
2725:Taylor v. United States
2033:Dormant Commerce Clause
1967:United States v. Butler
1919:Hylton v. United States
1789:Gravel v. United States
1757:Speech or Debate Clause
1054:U.S. Copyright Office:
666:College Art Association
623:Public Domain Interests
432:and was decided by the
258:Breyer, joined by Alito
6308:Don't Copy That Floppy
6063:(9th Cir. 2002 / 2003)
5809:Quality King v. L'anza
5452:Register of Copyrights
5333:New Jersey v. New York
4788:Sabri v. United States
4616:Bowman v. Monsanto Co.
4416:Diamond v. Chakrabarty
4336:United States v. Adams
3615:De Sylva v. Ballentine
3535:Herbert v. Shanley Co.
3360:Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.
3200:Schreiber v. Sharpless
2982:Hotchkiss v. Greenwood
2693:Jones v. United States
2685:United States v. Locke
2661:United States v. Lopez
1991:Sabri v. United States
1033:, 501 F.3d at 1187-88.
775:
582:) and Tyler T. Ochoa (
522:On June 12, 2011, the
505:
43:Argued October 5, 2011
6084:BMG Music v. Gonzalez
5932:Eltra Corp. v. Ringer
5533:Copyright Act of 1976
5517:Copyright Act of 1909
5502:Copyright Act of 1870
5497:Copyright Act of 1831
5492:Copyright Act of 1790
5309:Virginia v. Tennessee
4772:McCulloch v. Maryland
3827:Copyright Act of 1976
3567:Douglas v. Cunningham
3510:Copyright Act of 1909
3216:Thornton v. Schreiber
3167:Copyright Act of 1870
3042:Copyright Act of 1831
2820:Copyright Act of 1790
2782:Juilliard v. Greenman
2597:Katzenbach v. McClung
2429:Hoke v. United States
2194:Reeves, Inc. v. Stake
2098:Edwards v. California
1521:(September 9, 2007).
1213:. Stanford University
1166:. Stanford University
1128:609 F.3d 1076
1015:501 F.3d 1179
500:
418:, including the film
294:case that dealt with
5512:Printing Act of 1895
5341:Virginia v. Maryland
5238:Import-Export Clause
5125:Stone v. Mississippi
4780:Lambert v. Yellowley
4640:FTC v. Actavis, Inc.
4376:Gottschalk v. Benson
4352:Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
4312:Brulotte v. Thys Co.
3272:Bolles v. Outing Co.
3139:Bolles v. Outing Co.
1983:South Dakota v. Dole
1773:Kilbourn v. Thompson
1399:on November 4, 2011.
561:Wikimedia Foundation
85:132 S. Ct. 873; 181
6319:Nimmer on Copyright
6202:(C.C.D. Mass. 1841)
5745:Banks v. Manchester
5058:Hepburn v. Griswold
5002:Kansas v. Hendricks
4978:De Veau v. Braisted
4248:Altvater v. Freeman
3256:Belford v. Scribner
3240:Thompson v. Hubbard
3224:Banks v. Manchester
3075:Stevens v. Gladding
2974:Pennock v. Dialogue
2902:Patent infringement
2581:Boynton v. Virginia
2445:Hammer v. Dagenhart
1651:Powell v. McCormack
1406:Whittier Law Review
1045:, 501 F.3d at 1197.
559:. Joining were the
210:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
5817:Eldred v. Ashcroft
5753:Callaghan v. Myers
5293:Florida v. Georgia
5048:Legal Tender Cases
4962:Samuels v. McCurdy
4954:Hawker v. New York
4884:Boumediene v. Bush
4472:Dickinson v. Zurko
3940:Eldred v. Ashcroft
3543:Manners v. Morosco
3344:Scribner v. Straus
3248:Higgins v. Keuffel
3232:Callaghan v. Myers
3115:Higgins v. Keuffel
3107:Callaghan v. Myers
3014:Egbert v. Lippmann
2998:Cochrane v. Deener
2857:Patent Act of 1793
2764:Legal Tender Cases
2533:Wickard v. Filburn
1975:Helvering v. Davis
1855:Presentment Clause
1810:Origination Clause
1582:Enumeration Clause
1565:U.S. Supreme Court
1145:2007-05-09 at the
920:The New York Times
764:Dissenting opinion
532:Harvard Law School
477:U.S. Supreme Court
366:Eldred v. Ashcroft
344:Peter and the Wolf
186:Associate Justices
144:(10th Cir. 2010);
136:, 611 F. Supp. 2d
132:2007); on remand,
6335:
6334:
6289:
6288:
6242:(W.D. Wash. 2000)
5713:Wheaton v. Peters
5689:
5688:
5447:Copyright Catalog
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5269:
5268:
5251:Brown v. Maryland
5227:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5117:Bronson v. Kinzie
5101:Ogden v. Saunders
5020:
5019:
4902:
4901:
4860:Ex parte Merryman
4836:Suspension Clause
4822:
4821:
4796:Gonzales v. Raich
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4344:Brenner v. Manson
4138:Buck v. Gallagher
4058:Ferris v. Frohman
3807:Iancu v. Brunetti
3176:Perris v. Hexamer
3155:Mifflin v. Dutton
3051:Wheaton v. Peters
2990:O'Reilly v. Morse
2928:Rowell v. Lindsay
2829:Wheaton v. Peters
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2709:Gonzales v. Raich
2605:Maryland v. Wirtz
2469:Gold Clause Cases
2290:Granholm v. Heald
2042:Brown v. Maryland
2009:
2008:
1892:
1891:
1844:
1843:
1799:
1798:
1746:
1745:
1677:
1676:
1624:
1623:
1614:Trump v. New York
1511:Golan v. Ashcroft
1456:Golan v. Gonzales
1010:Golan v. Gonzales
975:Golan v. Gonzales
954:Golan v. Ashcroft
939:Totenberg, Nina,
840:Golan v. Gonzales
832:Golan v. Ashcroft
551:on behalf of the
485:after conductors
414:Several works of
383:Golan v. Gonzales
375:Golan v. Ashcroft
283:
282:
119:Golan v. Gonzales
104:Golan v. Ashcroft
6380:
6298:Berne Convention
6274:(C.D. Cal. 2015)
6226:(M.D. Fla. 1993)
6218:(N.D. Cal. 1986)
6180:Naruto v. Slater
5972:Whelan v. Jaslow
5729:Trade-Mark Cases
5700:
5482:
5421:Copyright Clause
5398:
5391:
5384:
5375:
5275:
5233:
5077:Fletcher v. Peck
5043:
5026:
4946:Ex parte Garland
4908:
4852:Ex parte Bollman
4828:
4754:
4568:Bilski v. Kappos
4424:Diamond v. Diehr
4392:Dann v. Johnston
3876:Stewart v. Abend
3184:Trade-Mark Cases
3067:Stephens v. Cady
2890:Evans v. Hettich
2816:
2807:Copyright Clause
2802:
2759:
2745:
2413:Champion v. Ames
2373:Paul v. Virginia
2357:Gibbons v. Ogden
2029:
2015:
1927:Collector v. Day
1898:
1867:Pocket Veto Case
1850:
1805:
1752:
1704:Ex parte Siebold
1688:Elections Clause
1683:
1630:
1577:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1530:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1436:
1421:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1369:
1350:Gordon, Wendy J.
1337:
1335:SCOTUS blog post
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1298:. June 21, 2011.
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1202:
1196:
1195:1270 (2011).
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1155:
1149:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1102:Nate Anderson, "
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1012:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
984:
978:
972:
966:
956:
950:
944:
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
911:
905:
888:
877:
870:
851:
818:Alberto Gonzales
805:
742:Justice Ginsburg
647:Conductors Guild
619:Creative Commons
615:Heartland Angels
603:Public Knowledge
553:Internet Archive
359:upheld the 1998
335:Justice Ginsburg
308:Copyright Clause
292:US Supreme Court
278:Copyright Clause
171:Court membership
156:1270 (2011).
33:
32:
21:
6388:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6331:
6285:
6282:(S.D.N.Y. 2023)
6266:(S.D.N.Y. 2013)
6258:(S.D.N.Y. 2010)
6250:(S.D.N.Y. 2005)
6234:(S.D.N.Y. 1999)
6210:(E.D.N.Y. 1973)
6199:Folsom v. Marsh
6186:
6183:(9th Cir. 2018)
6175:(9th Cir. 2015)
6159:(9th Cir. 2013)
6143:(9th Cir. 2012)
6127:(9th Cir. 2010)
6119:(2nd Cir. 2008)
6111:(9th Cir. 2006)
6103:(2nd Cir. 2006)
6100:Blanch v. Koons
6095:(2nd Cir. 2006)
6087:(7th Cir. 2005)
6071:(7th Cir. 2003)
6055:(5th Cir. 2002)
6047:(9th Cir. 2001)
6039:(1st Cir. 2000)
6031:(9th Cir. 2000)
6015:(9th Cir. 1997)
6007:(2nd Cir. 1995)
5991:(2nd Cir. 1992)
5988:Rogers v. Koons
5983:(5th Cir. 1988)
5967:(9th Cir. 1986)
5951:(7th Cir. 1983)
5943:(9th Cir. 1978)
5935:(4th Cir. 1978)
5927:(9th Cir. 1970)
5903:
5841:Golan v. Holder
5721:Baker v. Selden
5695:
5685:
5668:
5645:
5628:
5553:
5537:
5521:
5473:
5407:
5402:
5372:
5363:
5317:Wharton v. Wise
5283:
5265:
5241:
5219:
5064:
5037:
5031:Contract Clause
5016:
4920:
4898:
4842:
4818:
4762:
4761:of Section VIII
4740:
4709:trademark cases
4702:
4608:Kappos v. Hyatt
4408:Parker v. Flook
4200:
4041:copyright cases
4034:
4020:Allen v. Cooper
3964:Golan v. Holder
3821:
3696:
3667:
3637:
3504:
3419:
3366:
3192:Merrell v. Tice
3161:
3123:Holmes v. Hurst
3099:Baker v. Selden
3059:Backus v. Gould
3036:
2958:
2912:Evans v. Jordan
2896:
2851:
2810:
2809:of Section VIII
2788:
2753:
2752:of Section VIII
2731:
2637:EEOC v. Wyoming
2389:Kidd v. Pearson
2365:Passenger Cases
2344:
2234:Maine v. Taylor
2023:
2022:of Section VIII
2020:Commerce Clause
2005:
1909:
1888:
1858:
1840:
1816:
1795:
1763:
1742:
1736:Moore v. Harper
1694:
1673:
1667:Cook v. Gralike
1641:
1620:
1588:
1571:
1562:
1517:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1468:Golan v. Holder
1463:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1447:Golan v. Holder
1437:
1428:
1403:
1396:
1381:
1377:Golan v. Holder
1372:
1348:
1345:
1343:Further reading
1340:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1315:Huffington Post
1308:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1185:Golan v. Holder
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1147:Wayback Machine
1138:
1134:
1123:Golan v. Holder
1121:
1120:
1116:
1101:
1097:
1086:Golan v. Holder
1084:
1083:
1079:
1068:
1064:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
986:
985:
981:
973:
969:
952:
951:
947:
938:
934:
924:
922:
913:
912:
908:
891:Golan v. Holder
889:
880:
871:
864:
860:
855:
854:
844:Golan v. Holder
806:
802:
797:
780:
766:
758:Fifth Amendment
738:
733:
635:Yale Law School
612:Peter Decherney
483:Golan v. Holder
479:
471:First Amendment
445:Robert H. Henry
410:Igor Stravinsky
353:
327:First Amendment
287:Golan v. Holder
226:Sonia Sotomayor
224:
212:
202:Clarence Thomas
200:
198:Anthony Kennedy
134:Golan v. Holder
90:
44:
38:
24:Golan v. Holder
19:
12:
11:
5:
6386:
6384:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6340:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6322:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6275:
6267:
6259:
6251:
6243:
6235:
6227:
6219:
6211:
6203:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6176:
6168:
6167:(2d Cir. 2015)
6160:
6152:
6151:(2d Cir. 2012)
6144:
6136:
6135:(2d Cir. 2011)
6128:
6120:
6112:
6104:
6096:
6088:
6080:
6079:(2d Cir. 2004)
6072:
6064:
6056:
6048:
6040:
6032:
6024:
6023:(2d Cir. 1998)
6016:
6008:
6000:
5999:(2d Cir. 1992)
5992:
5984:
5976:
5975:(3d Cir. 1986)
5968:
5964:Fisher v. Dees
5960:
5959:(3d Cir. 1983)
5952:
5944:
5936:
5928:
5920:
5919:(2d Cir. 1964)
5911:
5909:
5908:Appeals courts
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5893:
5885:
5877:
5869:
5861:
5853:
5845:
5837:
5829:
5821:
5813:
5805:
5797:
5793:Feist v. Rural
5789:
5781:
5773:
5765:
5757:
5749:
5741:
5733:
5725:
5717:
5708:
5706:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5660:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5608:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5435:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5378:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5353:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5280:Compact Clause
5278:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5255:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5236:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5213:Sveen v. Melin
5209:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5177:
5169:
5161:
5153:
5145:
5141:Block v. Hirsh
5137:
5129:
5121:
5113:
5105:
5097:
5089:
5081:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5053:
5051:
5039:
5038:
5029:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4994:Teague v. Lane
4990:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4958:
4950:
4942:
4934:
4930:Calder v. Bull
4925:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4888:
4880:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4831:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4808:
4800:
4792:
4784:
4776:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4757:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4713:
4711:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4624:Gunn v. Minton
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4211:
4209:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4045:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3657:
3648:
3646:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3607:Mazer v. Stein
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3171:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3091:Paige v. Banks
3087:
3083:Little v. Hall
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:Voss v. Fisher
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2969:
2967:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2907:
2905:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2882:Evans v. Eaton
2878:
2874:Evans v. Eaton
2870:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2837:Paige v. Banks
2833:
2824:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2778:
2769:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2750:Coinage Clause
2748:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2677:Reno v. Condon
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2037:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:of Section VII
1853:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1712:Smiley v. Holm
1708:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1686:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1515:
1506:
1492:Google Scholar
1452:
1443:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:External links
1424:
1423:
1422:
1401:
1370:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1301:
1287:
1262:
1250:
1224:
1197:
1177:
1150:
1132:
1114:
1095:
1077:
1062:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1001:
979:
967:
945:
932:
906:
878:
861:
859:
856:
853:
852:
810:Lawrence Golan
799:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
786:
779:
776:
765:
762:
754:takings clause
746:Justice Breyer
737:
734:
732:
731:
724:
718:
712:
705:
698:
691:
688:
676:Additionally,
674:
673:
668:
662:
655:
649:
643:
637:
627:
624:
621:
616:
613:
610:
608:Cato Institute
605:
600:
593:
587:
576:
544:
536:Charles Nesson
487:Lawrence Golan
478:
475:
426:
425:
421:Things to Come
412:
406:
398:
352:
349:
281:
280:
270:
269:
265:
264:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
248:
244:
243:
239:
238:
237:
236:
214:Stephen Breyer
190:Antonin Scalia
187:
184:
179:
173:
172:
168:
167:
163:
162:
158:
157:
101:
97:
96:
92:
91:
84:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6385:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6327:
6323:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6303:Uruguay Round
6301:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5704:Supreme Court
5701:
5698:
5692:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440: →
5439:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5272:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5133:Smyth v. Ames
5130:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5027:
5023:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4919:of Section IX
4918:
4916:
4915:Ex post facto
4909:
4905:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:Ex parte Endo
4865:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4834:Habeas corpus
4829:
4825:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4705:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4203:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:Gibbs v. Buck
4127:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:Patent misuse
3640:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:Brady v. Daly
3261:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:Brady v. Daly
3128:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:Patentability
2961:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:Tyler v. Tuel
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2454:
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2402:
2399:
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2340:
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2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
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2311:
2308:
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2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
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2287:
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2283:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
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2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1689:
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1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
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1648:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:Utah v. Evans
1595:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1519:Jones, Pamela
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:Complaint in
1507:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1483:CourtListener
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1435:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1280:September 30,
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1243:September 23,
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1002:
989:
983:
980:
976:
971:
968:
964:
960:
955:
949:
946:
942:
936:
933:
921:
917:
910:
907:
903:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
883:
879:
875:
869:
867:
863:
857:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:John Ashcroft
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
801:
794:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
777:
774:
769:
763:
761:
759:
755:
749:
747:
743:
735:
729:
725:
723:
719:
717:
713:
710:
706:
703:
699:
696:
692:
689:
687:
683:
682:
681:
679:
672:
669:
667:
663:
660:
656:
654:
650:
648:
644:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
625:
622:
620:
617:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
598:
594:
592:
588:
585:
581:
577:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
543:
541:
540:amicus curiae
537:
533:
529:
528:amicus curiae
525:
520:
518:
514:
508:
504:
499:
497:
492:
488:
484:
476:
474:
472:
466:
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
438:Tenth Circuit
435:
431:
430:Lewis Babcock
423:
422:
417:
413:
411:
408:The works of
407:
404:
403:
402:The Third Man
399:
396:
395:
391:
390:
389:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
358:
350:
348:
346:
345:
340:
336:
330:
328:
322:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
300:public domain
297:
293:
289:
288:
279:
275:
271:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:Case opinions
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:Chief Justice
177:
176:
174:
169:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
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105:
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98:
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62:
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27:
22:
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6317:
6277:
6269:
6261:
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6245:
6237:
6229:
6221:
6213:
6205:
6197:
6191:Lower courts
6178:
6170:
6162:
6154:
6146:
6138:
6130:
6122:
6114:
6106:
6098:
6090:
6082:
6074:
6066:
6058:
6050:
6042:
6034:
6026:
6018:
6010:
6002:
5994:
5986:
5978:
5970:
5962:
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5946:
5938:
5930:
5922:
5914:
5895:
5887:
5879:
5871:
5863:
5855:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5831:
5823:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5791:
5783:
5775:
5767:
5759:
5751:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5430:
5355:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5323:
5315:
5307:
5299:
5291:
5282:of Section X
5257:
5249:
5240:of Section X
5211:
5203:
5195:
5187:
5179:
5171:
5163:
5155:
5147:
5139:
5131:
5123:
5115:
5107:
5099:
5091:
5083:
5075:
5056:
5046:
5010:Smith v. Doe
5008:
5000:
4992:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4936:
4928:
4914:
4890:
4882:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4850:
4833:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
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4770:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4694:
4686:
4678:
4670:
4662:
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4646:
4638:
4630:
4622:
4614:
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4598:
4590:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4558:
4550:
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4526:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4494:
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4470:
4462:
4454:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4422:
4414:
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4398:
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4382:
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4366:
4358:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4207:patent cases
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4026:
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4010:
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3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3813:
3805:
3799:Matal v. Tam
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3688:
3680:
3659:
3651:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3310:
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3294:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3262:
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3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2780:
2772:
2762:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
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2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
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2336:
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2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
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2232:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
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2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1907:Section VIII
1880:
1872:
1832:
1824:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1510:
1467:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1409:
1405:
1394:the original
1389:
1385:
1376:
1357:
1353:
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:
1304:
1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1265:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1236:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1210:
1200:
1184:
1180:
1170:February 20,
1168:. Retrieved
1163:
1153:
1135:
1122:
1117:
1109:Ars Technica
1107:
1098:
1085:
1080:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1009:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
982:
974:
970:
953:
948:
935:
923:. Retrieved
919:
909:
904: (2012).
890:
843:
839:
831:
814:Richard Kapp
808:
803:
771:
767:
750:
739:
677:
675:
539:
521:
509:
506:
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491:Richard Kapp
482:
480:
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419:
400:
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387:
382:
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369:(2003), the
364:
354:
342:
331:
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312:
286:
285:
284:
268:Laws applied
229:
222:Samuel Alito
217:
205:
193:
182:John Roberts
133:
118:
103:
95:Case history
78:
53:
15:
5696:and rulings
4917:Laws Clause
2774:Knox v. Lee
1814:Section VII
1360:(1): 1–19.
1320:January 19,
1069:Ochoa, T.:
1021: 2007).
965: 2004).
848:Eric Holder
416:H. G. Wells
234:Elena Kagan
148:. granted,
108:F. Supp. 2d
6342:Categories
5694:Precedents
4840:Section IX
3702:Lanham Act
2397:In re Debs
1761:Section VI
1692:Section IV
1586:Section II
1440:Wikisource
925:August 27,
858:References
834:, because
571:, and the
513:certiorari
394:Metropolis
355:After the
60:Docket no.
5416:17 U.S.C.
5035:Section X
1568:Article I
1019:10th Cir.
994:April 14,
339:Prokofiev
319:copyright
296:copyright
130:10th Cir.
87:L. Ed. 2d
70:Citations
5680:CASE Act
5485:Pre-1976
5478:Statutes
3645:case law
2966:case law
2904:case law
1570:case law
1466:Text of
1217:March 7,
1143:Archived
963:D. Colo.
778:See also
736:Decision
555:and the
298:and the
247:Majority
115:D. Colo.
5613:(1998)
1527:Groklaw
1418:2026732
1412:: 547.
1366:2305535
773:domain.
756:of the
697:(ASCAP)
515:in the
447:of the
351:History
255:Dissent
161:Holding
5900:(2023)
5892:(2021)
5884:(2020)
5876:(2019)
5868:(2017)
5860:(2014)
5852:(2013)
5844:(2012)
5836:(2010)
5828:(2005)
5820:(2003)
5812:(1998)
5804:(1994)
5796:(1991)
5788:(1984)
5780:(1975)
5772:(1908)
5764:(1908)
5756:(1888)
5748:(1888)
5740:(1884)
5732:(1879)
5724:(1879)
5716:(1834)
5682:(2020)
5665:(2018)
5659:(2014)
5642:(2005)
5602:(1998)
5596:(1994)
5590:(1994)
5584:(1992)
5573:(1990)
5567:(1990)
5360:(2018)
5352:(2009)
5344:(2003)
5336:(1998)
5328:(1985)
5320:(1894)
5312:(1893)
5304:(1871)
5296:(1855)
5262:(1951)
5254:(1827)
5216:(2018)
5208:(1987)
5200:(1983)
5192:(1983)
5184:(1978)
5176:(1977)
5168:(1965)
5160:(1935)
5152:(1934)
5144:(1921)
5136:(1898)
5128:(1880)
5120:(1843)
5112:(1837)
5104:(1827)
5096:(1819)
5088:(1819)
5080:(1810)
5069:Others
5061:(1870)
5013:(2003)
5005:(1997)
4997:(1989)
4989:(1964)
4981:(1960)
4973:(1951)
4965:(1925)
4957:(1898)
4949:(1866)
4941:(1819)
4933:(1798)
4895:(2020)
4887:(2008)
4879:(2001)
4871:(1944)
4863:(1861)
4855:(1807)
4815:(2013)
4807:(2010)
4799:(2005)
4791:(2004)
4783:(1926)
4775:(1819)
4737:(2020)
4729:(1938)
4721:(1915)
4707:Other
4699:(2019)
4691:(2017)
4683:(2016)
4675:(2015)
4667:(2015)
4659:(2014)
4651:(2014)
4643:(2013)
4635:(2013)
4627:(2013)
4619:(2013)
4611:(2012)
4603:(2012)
4595:(2011)
4587:(2011)
4579:(2011)
4571:(2010)
4563:(2008)
4555:(2007)
4547:(2007)
4539:(2007)
4531:(2006)
4523:(2006)
4515:(2006)
4507:(2005)
4499:(2002)
4491:(2001)
4483:(1999)
4475:(1999)
4467:(1998)
4459:(1997)
4451:(1996)
4443:(1990)
4435:(1989)
4427:(1981)
4419:(1980)
4411:(1978)
4403:(1976)
4395:(1976)
4387:(1973)
4379:(1972)
4371:(1971)
4363:(1969)
4355:(1969)
4347:(1966)
4339:(1966)
4331:(1966)
4323:(1965)
4315:(1964)
4307:(1964)
4299:(1964)
4291:(1961)
4283:(1950)
4275:(1950)
4267:(1948)
4259:(1945)
4251:(1943)
4243:(1942)
4235:(1926)
4227:(1916)
4219:(1908)
4205:Other
4197:(1975)
4189:(1974)
4181:(1973)
4173:(1968)
4165:(1962)
4157:(1960)
4149:(1949)
4141:(1939)
4133:(1939)
4125:(1936)
4117:(1934)
4109:(1932)
4101:(1931)
4093:(1923)
4085:(1919)
4077:(1918)
4069:(1914)
4061:(1912)
4053:(1911)
4039:Other
4031:(2020)
4023:(2020)
4015:(2019)
4007:(2019)
3999:(2017)
3991:(2014)
3983:(2014)
3975:(2013)
3967:(2012)
3959:(2010)
3951:(2005)
3943:(2003)
3935:(2001)
3927:(1998)
3919:(1998)
3911:(1996)
3903:(1994)
3895:(1994)
3887:(1991)
3879:(1990)
3871:(1989)
3863:(1985)
3855:(1985)
3847:(1984)
3839:(1977)
3818:(2020)
3810:(2019)
3802:(2017)
3794:(2014)
3786:(2014)
3778:(2003)
3770:(2003)
3762:(2001)
3754:(2001)
3746:(1999)
3738:(1995)
3730:(1992)
3722:(1987)
3714:(1982)
3693:(1985)
3685:(1941)
3664:(1942)
3656:(1917)
3634:(1973)
3626:(1964)
3618:(1956)
3610:(1954)
3602:(1952)
3594:(1943)
3586:(1940)
3578:(1939)
3570:(1935)
3562:(1931)
3554:(1923)
3546:(1920)
3538:(1917)
3530:(1914)
3522:(1911)
3501:(1911)
3493:(1911)
3485:(1909)
3477:(1909)
3469:(1908)
3461:(1908)
3453:(1907)
3445:(1903)
3437:(1896)
3416:(1979)
3408:(1948)
3400:(1941)
3392:(1939)
3384:(1913)
3363:(1912)
3355:(1909)
3347:(1908)
3339:(1908)
3331:(1908)
3323:(1908)
3315:(1907)
3307:(1907)
3299:(1907)
3291:(1903)
3283:(1903)
3275:(1899)
3267:(1899)
3259:(1892)
3251:(1891)
3243:(1889)
3235:(1888)
3227:(1888)
3219:(1888)
3211:(1884)
3203:(1884)
3195:(1881)
3187:(1879)
3179:(1879)
3158:(1903)
3150:(1903)
3142:(1899)
3134:(1899)
3126:(1899)
3118:(1891)
3110:(1888)
3102:(1879)
3094:(1872)
3086:(1856)
3078:(1854)
3070:(1853)
3062:(1849)
3054:(1834)
3033:(1885)
3025:(1885)
3017:(1881)
3009:(1878)
3001:(1876)
2993:(1853)
2985:(1851)
2977:(1829)
2955:(1938)
2947:(1913)
2939:(1894)
2931:(1885)
2923:(1885)
2915:(1815)
2893:(1822)
2885:(1822)
2877:(1818)
2869:(1810)
2848:(1908)
2840:(1872)
2832:(1834)
2785:(1884)
2777:(1871)
2728:(2016)
2720:(2012)
2712:(2005)
2704:(2000)
2696:(2000)
2688:(2000)
2680:(2000)
2672:(1996)
2664:(1995)
2656:(1992)
2648:(1985)
2640:(1983)
2632:(1981)
2624:(1981)
2616:(1976)
2608:(1968)
2600:(1964)
2592:(1964)
2584:(1960)
2576:(1951)
2568:(1950)
2560:(1949)
2552:(1946)
2544:(1944)
2536:(1942)
2528:(1942)
2520:(1941)
2512:(1940)
2504:(1938)
2496:(1937)
2488:(1936)
2480:(1935)
2472:(1935)
2464:(1935)
2456:(1923)
2448:(1918)
2440:(1914)
2432:(1913)
2424:(1911)
2416:(1903)
2408:(1895)
2400:(1895)
2392:(1888)
2384:(1885)
2376:(1869)
2368:(1849)
2360:(1824)
2349:Others
2341:(2023)
2333:(2019)
2325:(2018)
2317:(2015)
2309:(2008)
2301:(2007)
2293:(2005)
2285:(1994)
2277:(1994)
2269:(1994)
2261:(1992)
2253:(1992)
2245:(1989)
2237:(1986)
2229:(1984)
2221:(1983)
2213:(1982)
2205:(1981)
2197:(1980)
2189:(1978)
2181:(1978)
2173:(1977)
2165:(1977)
2157:(1976)
2149:(1970)
2141:(1967)
2133:(1959)
2125:(1954)
2117:(1951)
2109:(1945)
2101:(1941)
2093:(1935)
2085:(1925)
2077:(1905)
2069:(1886)
2061:(1852)
2053:(1829)
2045:(1827)
2002:(2012)
1994:(2004)
1986:(1987)
1978:(1937)
1970:(1936)
1962:(1922)
1954:(1916)
1946:(1895)
1938:(1881)
1930:(1871)
1922:(1796)
1885:(1998)
1877:(1983)
1869:(1929)
1837:(1990)
1829:(1911)
1792:(1972)
1784:(1966)
1776:(1881)
1739:(2023)
1731:(2015)
1723:(1995)
1715:(1932)
1707:(1879)
1670:(2001)
1662:(1995)
1654:(1969)
1617:(2020)
1609:(2019)
1601:(2002)
1504:
1498:
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1489:
1486:
1480:
1416:
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1187:,
1126:,
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1017: (
1013:,
961: (
957:,
893:,
711:(MPAA)
678:amicus
671:Google
567:, the
563:, the
458:Eldred
424:(1936)
405:(1949)
397:(1927)
232:
230:·
228:
220:
218:·
216:
208:
206:·
204:
196:
194:·
192:
121:, 501
106:, 310
64:10-545
5673:2020s
5650:2010s
5633:2000s
5558:1990s
5542:1980s
5526:1970s
1474:
1397:(PDF)
1382:(PDF)
1191:
1043:Golan
1031:Golan
897:
795:Notes
704:(IPO)
152:
100:Prior
77:302 (
5438:CARP
1637:and
1476:U.S.
1414:SSRN
1362:SSRN
1322:2012
1282:2011
1245:2011
1219:2011
1193:U.S.
1172:2011
996:2011
927:2012
899:U.S.
726:The
720:The
714:The
707:The
700:The
693:The
684:The
664:The
657:The
651:The
645:The
639:The
589:The
547:The
489:and
463:URAA
453:CTEA
154:U.S.
146:cert
142:1076
138:1165
126:1179
123:F.3d
111:1215
80:more
75:U.S.
73:565
5442:CRB
5033:of
4838:of
1905:of
1812:of
1759:of
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1639:III
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1472:565
1189:562
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902:302
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385:).
363:in
341:'s
306:'s
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128:(
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83:)
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