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reception was covered by all of the local
Tidewater media as well as national media. On the morning of April 13, the men were heloed out to the USS KIDD where they were given a three-day VIP tour of the ship and updated on the "modern Navy." The men departed the KIDD on the 15th after two days of "at sea" orientation and national media interviews. The highlight of the at sea cruise was the unexpected reunion of the men with one of their "long lost" classmates, Mr. James Hair, who learned of the reunion from television interviews he saw while at home in Brooklyn, NY. The morning of 16 April 1982, the men were flown to Washington, DC, via Eastern Airlines, given a tour of the Pentagon, and met with and had a two-hour lunch with the Secretary of the Navy, John Lehman, then Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral James Watkins, and the Chief of Navy Information, RADM Bruce Newell. The week concluded as it began, with a media covered reception, hosted by the DC Chapter of the National Naval Officers Association at the Clarendon Hotel across from the Pentagon. "In The Shadow of The Golden Thirteen - A Nice Negro Story" by Gerald Collins
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94:, the Navy had enlisted African Americans for general service, but they were barred from joining from 1919 to 1932. From 1893 onwards, African Americans could only join the Navy’s Messman’s and Steward’s branches, which not only segregated African Americans from the rest of the Navy community, but also precluded them from becoming commissioned officers.
152:. Augustus Alves, J.B. Pinkney, and Lewis "Mummy" Williams also passed the exam but were not given commissions. The reason why only 13 gained rank, despite all the men being successful in training was never explained, but it is noted that this rate brought the pass-rate down to the level of the average class of white candidates.
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Although all sixteen members of the class passed the course, only twelve were commissioned in March 1944: Jesse Walter Arbor (1914–2000), Phillip George Barnes (1909-1949), Samuel Edward Barnes (1915-1997), Dalton Louis Baugh Sr. (1912-1985), George
Clinton Cooper (1916-2002), Reginald Ernest Goodwin
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To ensure their failure, the normal training period of 16 weeks was reduced to 8 weeks for the black cadets. When they realized that someone in the Navy wanted them to wash out, the cadets covered up the windows of their barracks and studied all night. When they were tested, the entire group passed
30:
The Golden
Thirteen, photographed on 17 March 1944. Top row: John Walter Reagan, Jesse Walter Arbor, Dalton Louis Baugh, Frank Ellis Sublett. Middle row: Graham Edward Martin, Charles Byrd Lear, Phillip George Barnes, Reginald E. Goodwin. Bottom row: James Edward Hair, Samuel Edward Barnes, George
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On Monday April 11, 1982, the Golden
Thirteen were brought together for a weeklong celebration of their 1944 accomplishment. On the evening of April 12, 1982, they were feted at a reception by the Tidewater Chapter of the National Naval Officers Association at the Breezy Point Officers Club. The
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with high marks. Disbelief in the chain of command that an all-black cadet class could achieve higher scores than an all-white one meant that the black sailors had to suffer the indignity of retaking their tests. Again, all 16 passed; the class average at graduation was 3.89.
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Responding to pressure from First Lady
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the U.S. military in 1948. At the time of the Golden
Thirteen's commissioning, there were approximately 100,000 African-American men serving in the United States Navy's enlisted ranks.
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In April 1942, thanks to protests and pressure from civil rights leaders and the black press, the Navy allowed black men into the general service ratings for the first time.
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236:, Illinois. Today, Building 1405 at RTC Great Lakes, where recruits first arrive for basic training, is named "The Golden Thirteen" in honor of them.
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Because Navy policy barred blacks from being assigned to combat ships, the first class of black officers were assigned to command shore
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346:"Freedom To Serve: Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services. A Report by The President's Committee"
140:(1919-2006), Dennis Denmark Nelson (1907-1979), John Walter Reagan (1920–1994), Frank Ellis Sublett (1920-2006), and
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251:. Today, the Golden 13 Memorial is located at Veterans Memorial Park, Sheridan Boulevard & 18th Street.
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In 1987, the U.S. Navy reunited the seven living members to dedicate a building in their honor at
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533:. Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Development, Office of Tourism, October 2019
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407:"The Forgotten Story of How 13 Black Men Broke the Navy's Toughest Color Barrier"
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units, small tug and tender ships, and training
African American enlisted.
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Frank E. Sublett, the last living member of the group, died in 2006.
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by federal agencies or contractors involved in the defense industry.
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The Golden
Thirteen: Recollections of the First Black Naval Officers
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House Armed
Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces
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The Golden
Thirteen: How Black Men Won The Right To Wear Navy Gold
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Clinton Cooper, William Sylvester White, Dennis Denmark Nelson.
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Throughout the history of the United States until the end of
348:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1950.
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The integration of the Negro into the United States Navy
268:, first African American graduate of Annapolis (1949).
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https://www.amazon.com/Shadow-Golden.../dp/1421835428
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Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
124:, Recruit Training Center Great Lakes (now known as
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178:. Three, Baugh, Nelson, and Reagan, remained until
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528:"Illinois Military Museums and Veterans Memorials"
274:, first African American commissioned through the
204:"The Integration of the Negro into the U.S. Navy"
278:(14 Nov 1944), first to attain flag rank (1971).
186:. Samuel Barnes became the athletic director at
174:Of the 13, most separated just after the war as
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190:and served on the executive committee of the
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1855:United States Navy personnel of World War II
931:Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command
136:(1907-1974), James Edward Hair (1915–1992),
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1819:United States battleship retirement debate
1569:United States Armed Forces School of Music
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392:Wall Street Journal, August 7, 2020, p.A15
234:Great Lakes Naval Recruit Training Command
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941:Naval Information Warfare Systems Command
870:Naval Forces Europe – Naval Forces Africa
78:commissioned and warrant officers in the
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689:Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
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895:Operational Test and Evaluation Force
167:President Harry S. Truman officially
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956:Naval Education and Training Command
512:. United States Navy. Archived from
70:were the thirteen African American
1252:Unclassified miscellaneous vessels
438:Naval History and Heritage Command
126:Great Lakes Naval Training Station
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1850:African Americans in World War II
247:to honor the Golden Thirteen and
144:(1914-2004) were commissioned as
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239:In 2006, ground was broken on a
202:and submitted a report entitled
734:Senate Subcommittee on Seapower
556:Stillwell, Paul (31 May 2003).
478:Nelson, Dennis Denmark (1951).
261:List of African-American firsts
1001:Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
684:Vice Chief of Naval Operations
506:"Last of the "Golden 13" Dies"
315:"Last of the "Golden 13" Dies"
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900:Naval Network Warfare Command
885:Naval Special Warfare Command
880:Naval Forces Southern Command
591:Naval Historical Center photo
368:Goldberg, Dan (19 May 2020).
1574:Navy Senior Enlisted Academy
966:Office of Naval Intelligence
936:Naval Supply Systems Command
875:Naval Forces Central Command
776:Expeditionary Combat Command
484:. Farrar, Straus and Young.
221:The Golden Thirteen's Legacy
198:. Dennis Nelson served as a
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1559:Naval Hospital Corps School
1365:Explosive ordnance disposal
1207:Registered civilian vessels
976:Naval Legal Service Command
674:Under Secretary of the Navy
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1006:Navy Installations Command
208:Cook County Juvenile Court
1506:Naval Postgraduate School
1011:Navy Working Capital Fund
991:Bureau of Naval Personnel
926:Naval Air Systems Command
921:Naval Sea Systems Command
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679:Chief of Naval Operations
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562:. Naval Institute Press.
74:men who became the first
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1579:Navy Supply Corps School
1483:Officer Candidate School
1152:Amphibious warfare ships
996:Chief of Naval Personnel
905:Military Sealift Command
212:Illinois Appellate Court
97:In June 1941, President
48:United States of America
1791:Ship naming conventions
1554:Naval Chaplaincy School
1518:Marine Corps University
1514:Naval Community College
1498:Naval University System
1257:Yard and district craft
245:North Chicago, Illinois
109:prohibiting ethnic and
1771:Revolt of the Admirals
1726:Line-crossing ceremony
1631:Awards and decorations
510:Navy News Wire Service
220:
1452:Operations specialist
1385:Medical Service Corps
669:Secretary of the Navy
434:"The Golden Thirteen"
272:Samuel L. Gravely Jr.
200:Public Affair Officer
111:racial discrimination
99:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1786:Ship decommissioning
1761:Navy service numbers
1584:Nuclear Power School
1564:Naval Justice School
1395:Civil Engineer Corps
1192:Mine warfare vessels
890:Naval Reserve Forces
846:Fleet Forces Command
813:Carrier strike group
138:Graham Edward Martin
986:Naval Safety Center
946:Fleet Cyber Command
210:and justice of the
68:The Golden Thirteen
19:The Golden Thirteen
1781:Ship commissioning
1247:Torpedo retrievers
808:Aircraft squadrons
771:Fleet Marine Force
635:United States Navy
440:. 25 November 2020
325:United States Navy
320:United States Navy
122:Camp Robert Smalls
80:United States Navy
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1502:Naval War College
1427:Hospital corpsman
1422:Boatswain's mates
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1227:Ships of the line
1177:Destroyer escorts
1142:Aircraft carriers
981:Naval Observatory
823:Naval Observatory
569:978-1-59114-840-1
461:"Golden Thirteen"
188:Howard University
62:
61:
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1741:Ceremonial Guard
1701:Continental Navy
1656:Current aircraft
1462:Hispanic sailors
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516:on 2006-11-23.
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1232:Sloops of war
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1052:Seventh Fleet
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858:Pacific Fleet
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1814:Wetting-down
1803:Constitution
1802:
1796:Tingey House
1675:History and
1646:Future fleet
1390:Supply Corps
1375:Dental Corps
1358:Deputy Chief
1037:Fourth Fleet
1027:Second Fleet
798:Future ships
793:Active ships
766:Navy Reserve
717:2020–present
645:
575:13 September
573:. Retrieved
558:
535:. Retrieved
522:
514:the original
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328:. Retrieved
318:
276:V-12 program
249:Doris Miller
243:memorial in
241:World War II
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173:
169:desegregated
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134:
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1711:Fleet bands
1696:Blue Angels
1380:Nurse Corps
1302:Designators
1162:Battleships
1157:Auxiliaries
1057:Tenth Fleet
1047:Sixth Fleet
1042:Fifth Fleet
1032:Third Fleet
101:signed the
92:World War I
1834:Categories
1766:Navy Weeks
1716:Fleet Week
1677:traditions
1237:Submarines
1172:Destroyers
662:Leadership
465:Britannica
416:2022-02-15
295:References
1751:Navy Hymn
1746:Navy Flag
1736:Navy Band
1618:Equipment
1400:JAG Corps
1341:Personnel
1270:Personnel
863:Commander
851:Commander
837:Operating
753:Structure
712:2010–2019
707:2000–2009
702:1864–1959
378:5 October
157:logistics
1626:Uniforms
1539:COMPTUEX
1471:Training
1311:Enlisted
1297:Insignia
1290:Officers
1274:training
1197:Monitors
1187:Frigates
1167:Cruisers
1147:Airships
652:Category
537:July 27,
444:10 March
411:POLITICO
255:See also
180:retiring
72:enlisted
1684:History
1661:Weapons
1544:NAWCTSD
1478:Recruit
1442:Seabees
1323:Ratings
163:Postwar
146:Ensigns
86:History
45:Country
1706:Ensign
1636:Badges
1599:USNTPS
1594:TOPGUN
1488:STA-21
1282:People
1020:Fleets
839:forces
632:
566:
488:
330:28 May
53:Branch
40:1944 –
37:Active
1809:WAVES
1534:CNATT
1493:NROTC
1457:SWCCs
1437:SEALs
1353:Chief
1318:Rates
1067:Ships
914:Shore
788:Units
531:(PDF)
1801:USS
1721:Jack
1589:JMTC
1529:BFTT
1524:BESS
1417:NCIS
1410:DJAG
761:Navy
577:2011
564:ISBN
539:2023
486:ISBN
446:2023
380:2020
332:2020
192:NCAA
184:LCDR
176:LTJG
107:8802
57:Navy
1549:AIM
1405:JAG
1272:and
1135:W–Z
1130:T–V
1120:Q–R
1110:N–O
1095:I–K
1090:G–H
1085:D–F
1075:A–B
196:MIT
182:as
1836::
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1080:C
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612:t
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334:.
105:#
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