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and reinvigorating its ideas. This re-evaluation of the work was probably a response to the massive social and political changes of the period which caused scholars to reassess the dominant official interpretation of
Confucianism.
1150:. In particular, Kang Youwei's interpretation helped facilitated the widespread doubt on the Old Texts among intellectuals, and thus creating a sympathetic audience for his reformist ideas, which later became well known in
691:) is characterized by the reestablishment of legitimate political order, and the third stage (太平世) is when the world as a whole experiences great harmony and every individual is able to fully realize their potential.
551:
in order to criticize the politics of his time and set a constitutional guideline for future generations. Moreover, Confucius is not merely a transmitter of ancient scholarship but a charismatic sage (
877:
Some exegesis monographs by
Gongyang scholars mounts to over one million characters in length, that scholars from other schools accused Gongyang school for being too fixated on the trivia of
832:'s adoption of Dong's proposal to formally establish Confucianism as the state ideology, the power and influence of the Gongyang School increased significantly. Later, Dong Zhongshu authored
1566:
1200:
Liang Cai The
Journal of the American Oriental Society. 131.3 (July–September 2011): p371. Excavating the genealogy of classical studies in the western Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.-8 C.E.)
526:
was compiled in a dialogistic style resembling a class conversation between a
Confucian scholar and his student discussing the profound meanings behind the subtle words of the
685:
argues that human society evolves over time and could be divided into three phases. The first stage (據亂世) is marked by political chaos and social anomy, the second stage (
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471:
scholarship was reinvigorated in late Ming dynasty and became a major source of inspiration for
Chinese reformers from the eighteenth to early twentieth century.
834:
1584:
1268:
894:. Once his advice was adopted, Gongyang school no longer monopolized the official interpretation of Spring and Autumn Annals. From the time of the
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was seen as a vital political classic that provided ideological basis and historical precedents in governing, and was cited during policy debates.
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and become a King himself. But since
Confucius did not receive the kingship due to the political circumstances at the time, he compiled the
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practices, the Han intelligentsia became shrouded in an atmosphere of superstition and mystery. Nonetheless, among officials,
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and was brief in explaining the historical context. Because of its emphasis on the theoretical interpretation of the Annals,
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as an embodiment of
Confucius' holistic vision on political, social, and moral issues instead of a merely chronicle.
929:, which is largely survived into modern days. He Xiu's work became the primary source for textual reconstruction of
1700:
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Schaberg, David (2017). "Chapter 12: Classics (Jing 經)". In
Denecke, Wiebke; Li, Wai-Yee; Tian, Xiaofei (eds.).
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seemed argumentative, judgmental and vulgar in style. In the opinion of the Han scholar and official
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often drew on the
Gongyang, while actually they drew on commentaries similar to what we now call the
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became the most ardent defender of
Gongyang School. He combated vigorously with scholars who prefer
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was a leading Confucian scholar in the Western Han dynasty, and was regarded as an authority on
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strives to undercover what it claims to be the deeper meaning behind layers of subtle texts.
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to expound the "great way of Confucianism" through the use of subtle and profound language.
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805:(475–221 BCE). An oral commentary at first, it was written down and edited during the early
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by Gongyang Gao's decedent Gongyang Shou (公羊壽) and his collaborator Humu Sheng (胡母生).
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s political agenda including the establishment of a well-ordered hierarchical regime (
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the study of textual criticism flourished with successive scholars researching the
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onwards, more and more people criticized Dong Zhongshu's interpretation of the
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and Yan Anle (顏安樂) became the leaders of Gongyang School after Dong's death.
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Reconciliation between past and present sources of political legitimacy (
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Gongyang scholarship was introduced to Japan. Notable scholars include
816:("erudite") in the Han court in charge of the studying and teaching of
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478:
463:. It fell out of favor among elites and was eventually replaced by the
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gradually declined with very few academics concentrating on the work.
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was colorful and rich in content but contains too much wizardry, the
267:
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The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature (1000 BCE-900CE)
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proponents. The school held an important position during the late
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as an institutional reformer instead of a respected scholar, and
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534:(b. 1953) dubbed it "the political theory wing of Confucianism (
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amongst others. The school's main target for criticism was the
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and a major source of inspiration for later Gongyang scholars.
1243:
Chinese text with matching English vocabulary at Chinese Notes
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according to a coherent philosophy. Based on this assumption,
1222:
Gongyangxue yinlun: Rujia de zhengzhi zhihui yu lishi xinyang
772:
has been a contested issue among scholars. According to the
1241:'Gongyang's Commentary on Spring and Autumn Annals' 《春秋公羊傳》
936:
Huan Kuan (桓寬), author of the Confucian political treatise
642:), and a benevolent ruler whose legitimacy is based on the
1056:(229-589 CE), the official He Xiu School was established.
848:, in which he popularized his mysticism interpretation of
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Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong
1108:
as a mainstream center of learning with scholars such as
1017:
was clear and elegantly written but too short whilst the
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170:
1078:. Hayashi Gahō later published a commentated version of
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Distinction between Chinese and non-Chinese cultures (
27:"Gongyang" redirects here. For the Korean monarch, see
1190:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 176–178.
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Distinction between legitimate political maneuver and
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based on official chronicles, in which he criticized (
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significantly influenced the political institution in
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Gongyang Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals
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654:According to contemporary scholar Jiang Qing's
518:' ideas regarding sociopolitical order. Unlike
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1224:Shenyang: Liaoning Jiaoyu Chubanshe, 1995.
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1585:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
1237:Chinese text at the Chinese Text Project
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888:proposed to establish professorship for
852:. Along with the widespread adoption of
1217:Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2002
1178:
975:for the classical view of Confucianism.
841:Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind
636:), and a merit-based civil government (
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1560:Three Strategies of Huang Shigong
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1647:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
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1505:Thousand Character Classic
1048:In the period between the
812:Humu Sheng later became a
543:The primary assumption of
241:Xuân Thu Công Dương truyện
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1157:In 1995, Chinese scholar
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782:(Zixia), one of the top
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585:s interpretation of the
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408:Spring and Autumn Annals
60:Traditional Chinese
33:Chinese compound surname
1532:The Methods of the Sima
1516:Seven Military Classics
1498:Hundred Family Surnames
1491:Three Character Classic
1466:Classic of Filial Piety
971:for divination and the
954:(六藝論), the Han scholar
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76:Simplified Chinese
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1438:Commentary of Gongyang
950:In his Confucian work
784:disciples of Confucius
402:Commentary of Gongyang
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1686:Chinese history texts
1681:Chinese classic texts
1445:Commentary of Guliang
1002:Book of the Later Han
803:Warring States period
439:New Text Confucianism
437:is a central work to
1624:Four Books for Women
1539:Six Secret Teachings
1307:Doctrine of the Mean
1215:Gongyangxue jiangshu
1152:Hundred Days' Reform
650:Jiang Qing's reading
620:'s summary, some of
393:, also known as the
305:Revised Romanization
1161:published his work
1052:and the end of the
896:Eastern Han dynasty
892:and ‘’Guliang Zhuan
447:), which advocates
311:Chunchugongyangjeon
235:Vietnamese alphabet
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1691:Chinese literature
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172:gung1 joeng4 zyun6
29:Gongyang of Goryeo
1701:Thirteen Classics
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1431:Commentary of Zuo
1396:Book of Documents
1389:Classic of Poetry
1380:Thirteen Classics
1348:Book of Documents
1341:Classic of Poetry
1044:Later development
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1106:Qing dynasty
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1076:Hayashi Gahō
1074:and his son
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1061:Tang dynasty
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365:Romanization
114:Hanyu Pinyin
54:Chinese name
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37:
1603:Bai Hu Tong
1577:Mathematics
1144:Kang Youwei
1136:Gong Zizhen
1128: [
1113: [
1085:During the
1059:During the
1026: [
989: [
982:Eastern Jin
911: [
868: [
807:Han dynasty
801:during the
799:State of Qi
791: [
775:Book of Han
724:realpolitik
639:論賢才之義，別所長之能
618:Kang Youwei
591:voluntarism
461:Han dynasty
348:しゅんじゅうくようでん
262:Korean name
203:Old Chinese
1670:Categories
1546:Wei Liaozi
1291:Four Books
1208:References
1159:Jiang Qing
1125:Liu Fenglu
1050:Eastern Wu
956:Zheng Xuan
865:Yan Pengzu
854:divination
824:authority
597:scholars.
532:Jiang Qing
483:Gongsun Gu
210:Zhengzhang
128:Wade–Giles
1282:Confucian
1148:Old Texts
1011:Zuo Zhuan
965:Zuo Zhuan
919:Zuo Zhuan
890:Zuo Zhuan
595:Old Texts
520:Zuo Zhuan
516:Confucius
475:Sima Qian
465:Zuo Zhuan
449:Confucius
418:Zuo Zhuan
1452:Analects
1314:Analects
1140:Wei Yuan
986:Fan Ning
780:Bu Shang
616:scholar
589:is more
496:Zuozhuan
421:and the
166:Jyutping
18:Gongyang
1473:Mencius
1424:I Ching
1362:I Ching
1321:Mencius
886:Liu Xin
879:Chunqiu
828:. With
797:of the
503:Content
491:Han Fei
479:Mencius
453:Chunqiu
399:or the
249:Chữ Hán
1595:Others
1032:, the
1023:He Xiu
997:Fan Ye
908:He Xiu
268:Hangul
1654:Xunzi
1553:Wu Zi
1284:texts
1173:Notes
1142:and
1132:]
1117:]
1030:]
993:]
915:]
872:]
814:boshi
795:]
747:(夷夏之辨
661:公羊學引論
627:明尊卑之分
487:Xunzi
334:春秋公羊伝
328:Kanji
288:春秋公羊傳
282:Hanja
274:춘추공양전
255:春秋公羊傳
1459:Erya
1280:and
980:The
963:The
921:and
844:and
738:天人感應
716:天子一爵
633:強幹弱枝
540:)."
537:政治儒學
489:and
444:今文經學
387:The
342:Kana
756:大復仇
729:經權說
707:通三統
698:大一統
688:昇平世
675:張三世
664:),
142:IPA
82:公羊传
67:公羊傳
1672::
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1138:,
1134:,
1130:zh
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1115:zh
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678:).
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568:褒貶
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1270:e
1263:t
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658:(
554:聖
441:(
35:.
20:)
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