33:
84:
59:
301:
This species forms massive colonies, domed, flat or columnar, reaching a maximum diameter of 50 centimetres (20 in) and a height of 1 metre (3 ft 3 in). It has small deep calices, usually with a diameter of 3–4 millimetres (0.12–0.16 in).
352:
This coral is a common species with a wide range and large total population size which makes it more resilient than some coral species. The main threats faced by corals are related to the mechanical destruction of their coral reef habitats and
340:
organisms provide the coral with organic carbon and nitrogen, sometimes providing up to 90% of their host's energy needs for metabolism and growth. Its remaining needs are met by the
314:
This quite common species can be found in the Indo-West
Pacific, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Australian coast. It occurs on reef slopes, especially in shallow waters.
493:
593:
362:
632:
773:
748:
763:
567:
758:
606:
645:
477:
768:
306:
are recessed, four to six sided. The basic color of these corals is cream or pale brown, but it may also be brown, pink or green.
720:
611:
393:
DeVantier, L.; Hodgson, G.; Huang, D.; Johan, O.; Licuanan, A.; Obura, D.O.; Sheppard, C.; Syahrir, M.; Turak, E. (2014).
554:
83:
637:
509:
671:
366:
195:
178:
753:
725:
541:
445:
417:
32:
358:
48:
689:
487:
357:; these include increasing damage from extreme weather events, rising sea water temperatures and
204:
78:
676:
598:
658:
546:
473:
370:
559:
712:
663:
624:
412:
287:
456:
354:
337:
333:
394:
742:
619:
403:
326:
68:
63:
283:
135:
125:
702:
684:
580:
290:
145:
532:
155:
330:
303:
95:
526:
341:
115:
572:
279:
585:
105:
503:
329:
species of coral. It obtains most of its nutritional needs from the
697:
365:
has assessed the conservation status of this species as being of "
650:
468:
Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
507:
388:
386:
293:. It is native to shallow water in the Indo-Pacific region.
369:". All corals receive protection by being listed on
516:
344:organisms caught by the tentacles of the polyps.
472:(7th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 122.
418:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T133634A54295467.en
363:International Union for Conservation of Nature
8:
492:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
504:
57:
31:
20:
416:
336:that live inside its soft tissues. These
382:
485:
7:
441:
439:
437:
435:
774:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
749:IUCN Red List least concern species
404:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
82:
764:Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean
254:Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849
759:Cnidarians of the Indian Ocean
1:
790:
210:
203:
184:
177:
79:Scientific classification
77:
55:
46:
39:
30:
23:
769:Corals described in 1816
310:Distribution and habitat
457:AIMS Coral Fact Sheets
411:: e.T133634A54295467.
672:Paleobiology Database
560:Goniastrea_retiformis
547:Goniastrea_retiformis
518:Goniastrea retiformis
397:Goniastrea retiformis
323:Goniastrea retiformis
275:Goniastrea retiformis
188:Goniastrea retiformis
41:Goniastrea retiformis
25:Goniastrea retiformis
470:Invertebrate Zoology
359:ocean acidification
251:Goniastrea bournoni
49:Conservation status
227:Astraea retiformis
170:G. retiformis
736:
735:
659:Open Tree of Life
510:Taxon identifiers
479:978-81-315-0104-7
371:CITES Appendix II
271:
270:
263:
259:Goniastrea eximia
255:
247:
243:Astrea retiformis
239:
231:
223:
72:
781:
729:
728:
716:
715:
706:
705:
693:
692:
680:
679:
667:
666:
654:
653:
641:
640:
628:
627:
615:
614:
602:
601:
589:
588:
576:
575:
563:
562:
550:
549:
537:
536:
535:
505:
498:
497:
491:
483:
465:
459:
454:
448:
443:
430:
429:
427:
425:
420:
390:
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
221:
190:
87:
86:
66:
61:
60:
35:
21:
16:Species of coral
789:
788:
784:
783:
782:
780:
779:
778:
739:
738:
737:
732:
724:
719:
711:
709:
701:
696:
688:
683:
675:
670:
662:
657:
649:
644:
636:
631:
623:
618:
610:
605:
597:
592:
584:
579:
571:
566:
558:
553:
545:
540:
531:
530:
525:
512:
502:
501:
484:
480:
467:
466:
462:
455:
451:
444:
433:
423:
421:
392:
391:
384:
379:
350:
334:dinoflagellates
320:
312:
299:
267:
266:
238:Ehrenberg, 1834
235:Astraea spongia
214:
199:
192:
186:
173:
81:
73:
62:
58:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
787:
785:
777:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
741:
740:
734:
733:
731:
730:
717:
707:
694:
681:
668:
655:
642:
629:
616:
603:
590:
577:
564:
551:
538:
522:
520:
514:
513:
508:
500:
499:
478:
460:
449:
431:
381:
380:
378:
375:
355:climate change
349:
346:
338:photosynthetic
327:zooxanthellate
319:
316:
311:
308:
298:
295:
269:
268:
265:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
219:Astraea eximia
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
182:
181:
175:
174:
167:
165:
161:
160:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
75:
74:
56:
53:
52:
47:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
786:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
744:
727:
722:
718:
714:
708:
704:
699:
695:
691:
686:
682:
678:
673:
669:
665:
660:
656:
652:
647:
643:
639:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
613:
608:
604:
600:
595:
591:
587:
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
561:
556:
552:
548:
543:
539:
534:
528:
524:
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
506:
495:
489:
481:
475:
471:
464:
461:
458:
453:
450:
447:
442:
440:
438:
436:
432:
419:
414:
410:
406:
405:
400:
398:
389:
387:
383:
376:
374:
372:
368:
367:least concern
364:
360:
356:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
317:
315:
309:
307:
305:
296:
294:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
260:
257:
252:
249:
246:Lamarck, 1816
244:
241:
236:
233:
230:Lamarck, 1816
228:
225:
220:
217:
216:
209:
206:
202:
197:
191:
189:
183:
180:
179:Binomial name
176:
172:
171:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
85:
80:
76:
70:
65:
64:Least Concern
54:
50:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
517:
469:
463:
452:
422:. Retrieved
408:
402:
396:
351:
322:
321:
313:
300:
284:stony corals
274:
273:
272:
262:(Dana, 1846)
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
187:
185:
169:
168:
156:
136:Scleractinia
126:Hexacorallia
40:
24:
18:
754:Merulinidae
685:SeaLifeBase
581:iNaturalist
424:20 November
297:Description
291:Merulinidae
146:Merulinidae
743:Categories
377:References
342:planktonic
304:Corallites
222:Dana, 1846
157:Goniastrea
488:cite book
331:symbiotic
164:Species:
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
698:Species+
599:10837587
533:Q3944998
527:Wikidata
205:Synonyms
198:, 1816)
142:Family:
116:Cnidaria
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
573:2260149
318:Biology
286:in the
280:species
196:Lamarck
152:Genus:
132:Order:
122:Class:
67: (
726:207461
713:252676
710:uBio:
677:149049
664:912836
651:207461
638:465062
625:133634
586:503636
476:
361:. The
348:Status
288:family
721:WoRMS
690:46759
612:53310
594:IRMNG
446:WoRMS
325:is a
278:is a
703:6343
646:OBIS
633:NCBI
620:IUCN
607:ITIS
568:GBIF
494:link
474:ISBN
426:2021
409:2014
213:List
555:AFD
542:ADW
413:doi
282:of
745::
723::
700::
687::
674::
661::
648::
635::
622::
609::
596::
583::
570::
557::
544::
529::
490:}}
486:{{
434:^
407:.
401:.
385:^
373:.
496:)
482:.
428:.
415::
399:"
395:"
194:(
71:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
