365:
271:(Mainland) fleet, appointed de Canço captain of infantry of the fleet's flagship. De Canço proved his worth as a sailor and a soldier on the passage. On August 22 of that year, he spied a French vessel and captured it. The next day, at least according to his own writings, he saved the gold, silver, and pearls from a ship of the fleet sinking in a storm. Francisco de Noboa subsequently appointed him an admiral of the fleet on its passage from
392:, was sitting in Guadeloupe, preparing its landing boats for an assault on the island of Puerto Rico and its treasure. Alarmed by this revelation, de Canço fired four cannon shots to alert one of his boats, which was in pursuit of another English ship, to go as soon as possible to warn Puerto Rico of the danger.
597:. De Canço assigned a slave in service of the Spanish crown the task of keeping the hospital and its patients clean. Patient care was provided by elderly soldiers, convicts sent to St. Augustine to serve their sentences, and female slaves. He also ordered construction of a large church at the mission of
356:
in gold and silver, was left with no mainmast, had a broken tiller, and was taking on water, Pardo made it back to Havana. All the treasure was unloaded and placed in the Morro fortress, while a boat was sent to Spain with the news. Philip II immediately ordered
General Tello and de Canço to go with
517:
missionaries forbidding the Indian practices of polygamy, divorce, dancing, games and intertribal wars. These proscriptions weakened his people, according to
Juanillo, causing them to lose their old courage and prowess. Juanillo's hatred of the Spanish missionaries was so intense that on the morning
421:
De Canço set his plan into motion and shelled the
British barges incessantly, first from the Morro, and then from the Santa Elena battery, blowing up several of them. The frigates with their guns and the soldiers with their muskets contributed equally in the battle; that night nine barges were sunk
417:
to avoid the
Spanish bombardment. His men spent much of the next day sounding the waters to find suitable places to land. Their inability to force the blocked harbor and attack San Juan prompted Drake to send 30 boats with 1,500 men that night. Their goal was to burn the five Spanish frigates lying
465:
De Canço, regarded as a person of strong character and ambitious projects, thought it prudent to establish another settlement where the land was more suitable for farming to supply St. Augustine with foodstuffs. He gathered from the information he received that the best place to start a new colony
395:
Wasting no time, the governor organized the defense of the island, although he had only 400 regular soldiers, 300 seamen on Sancho Pardo's flagship and 500 with de Canço and Guzman, as well as 300 militiamen from the city. These forces were divided and placed at the most strategic points. De Canço
530:
News of the rebellion reached St. Augustine in early
October. De Canço, who was sick in bed, got up and organized a relief expedition that he led himself. The Indians in Guale were burning churches and maiming and killing missionaries. Unable to catch the Indian rebels, de Canço had to content
429:
For the
Spanish it was a victory over the English, whom they regarded as pirates rather than lawful privateers. For Francis Drake it was a humiliating defeat. In his long naval career as a commander of English fleets, he was defeated only twice, both times when he tried to attack Spanish cities
588:
On the other hand, de Canço promoted the intensive cultivation of corn, providing tools and seeds to settlers and
Indians and building a mill to grind the grain, as well as fostering the establishment of farms and plantations. When the hospital built by order of former governor
554:, who treated the indigenous peoples with kindness; his approach was successful in brokering the peace essential to the colony's development). In 1603 de Canço visited the Guale territory to assess the loyalty of the Indians and to receive new oaths of allegiance from them.
549:
in the presence of
Governor Canço. He accepted their submission on certain conditions, above all that they must suppress any uprisings against the Spanish (others sources, however, indicate that the rebellion was actually suppressed by his successor,
434:. Now that there was no threat of attack, Guzman and de Canço sailed on December 20 with the four frigates, the surviving crewmen, and the two million ducats in gold and silver, and after crossing the Atlantic without incident landed safely in Spain.
462:), capital of the province, on June 2. He did not like St. Augustine's location on very low-lying land surrounded by marshlands, with sandy soil that was barren and unproductive, making it difficult to develop agriculture and trade.
486:. To gather firsthand intelligence on the region he commissioned a soldier and two monks to visit Tama. Upon their return they notified him that the area was very fertile with productive forests and gold and silver mines.
384:. After several exchanges of cannon fire, de Canço attacked the enemy ship and captured all 26 sailors aboard. Sailing orders found aboard it revealed that the fleet of 27 ships with 2,500 men aboard, and commanded by
946:
Sir
Francis Drake, His Voyage, 1595, including An Account Of What Took Place At San Juan De Puerto Rico, In The Indies, With The English Fleet Under The Command Of Francis Drake and John Hawkins, On The 23rd November
526:
leaders gathered; they were also indignant at the loss of their peoples' lands and their freedom to the
Spanish. Most of the missions in Guale were attacked and five Franciscans were killed as the rebellion spread.
407:, Drake's flagship, and another of the 28 cannonballs fired by the Spanish gunners crashed into Drake's cabin, splintering the stool he sat on at supper and killing Sir Nicholas Clifford and a young officer.
426:. Seeing that he could not take the island, Drake the next day ordered his ships to hoist their sails, and they left the waters of Puerto Rico, but de Canço still managed to sink four other ships.
403:
On November 22, the English fleet appeared off Point Escambrón where de Canço was at the forefront of the Morrillo artillery. One cannon shot was aimed accurately enough to break the mizzenmast of
482:. He believed he could establish a colony in Tama with three hundred married soldiers, and use it as a base to send exploratory expeditions in search of a coveted trail to the ports of Mexico in
612:. De Canço then returned to his homeland, bringing with him two packages of maize seeds that provided a major boost to the cultivation of the grain in Asturias. He spent the rest of his life at
1362:. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History: The Archaeology of Mission Santa Catalina de Guale, No. 74. Vol. 68. University of Georgia Press. pp. 65–66.
418:
in the harbor, and they set fire to three of them. Two of the fires were quickly extinguished by their crews, but the third frigate was burned, illuminating the four sides of the harbor.
1618:
542:(chief) of Asao, attacked Juanillo's stronghold in the stockaded town of Yfusinique, killing him with 24 of his main supporters. Their deaths brought a temporary peace to Florida.
380:
on November 8, the fleet came upon two English ships that fled when they spied the Spanish. While Admiral Guzman was chasing one of them, Admiral Alonso pursued the other ship,
873:"Relacion de lo sucedido en S. Juan de Puerto-Rico de las Indias, con la armada inglesa, del cargo de Francisco Draque y Juan Aquines, a los 23 de Noviembre de 1595 anos"
991:
454:, opening a new stage in his career. Accompanied by his wife, Magdalena de Luazes Lugo, and his son Antonio, de Canço moved in May 1597 to his new post, arriving at
534:
In May 1598, de Canço rescued the only missionary survivor of the Juanillo massacre, Friar Francisco Dávila, who had been enslaved by the Indians in the town of
1014:
The Return of the Armadas : The Last Years of the Elizabethan War against Spain 1595–1603: The Last Years of the Elizabethan War against Spain 1595–1603
1189:
A History of the Harbor Defenses of San Juan, P.R., Under Spain, 1509–1898: Including a Brief History of Artillery and a Guide to the Ancient Fortifications
538:, not far from Tolomato. De Canço's troops suppressed the rebellion, which ended decisively when an expedition of Indian allies of the Spanish, led by the
644:, Asturias, and married María de la Vega Trelles y Beldedo; and a daughter, María de Canço y Luaces, who married an Asturian, Domingo Fuertes de Sierra.
177:, forcing them, as well as other tribes in Florida, to submit to Spanish domination. De Canço was best known, however, for promoting the cultivation of
1098:
Lives of the British Admirals: George Clifford. Sir John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake. Thomas Cavendish. Sir Richard Hawkins. Sir Richard Greenville
605:
551:
73:
1159:
Milagros Flores Román; Luis Alberto Lugo Amador; José Cruz de Arrigoitia; Luis E. González Vales. Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia (2009).
1513:
1603:
290:
and America. He served under the command of Alonso de Bazán, being commissioned three times to make levies for seamen to man the ships of the
653:
1115:
Sir Francis Drake revived: Being a Summary and True Relation of Foure Severall Voyages made by the said Sir Francis Drake to the West-Indies
1623:
739:
400:, Santa Elena and Morrill forts, while General Pardo scuttled the damaged galleon at the entrance to the harbor and blocked the channel.
422:
and 400 Englishmen died. The Spanish suffered the deaths of some 40 men, the seizure of three as prisoners, and the loss of the frigate
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1230:
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1143:
1079:
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1022:
959:
927:
749:
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523:
490:
205:. He was the son of Diego de Canço (or "de Cancio") Donlebún and Maria Mendez de San Julián y Villaamil, descendants of a family of
1303:
Native American Speakers of the Eastern Woodlands: Selected Speeches and Critical Analyses: Selected Speeches and Critical Analyses
636:
Méndez de Canço married Magdalena Estoa y Luaces, and they had at least two children: a son, Diego de Canço y Donlebún, who became
531:
himself with burning their villages and destroying their crops. He took one prisoner who told him about the death of the friar.
1537:(in Spanish: Genealogy of Canço-Donlebún family and his familial connections with other lineages III). Retrieved July 19, 2014
385:
252:. In 1584 de Canço sailed to the coast of the Panama isthmus with this ship, but ran aground at the entrance to the port of
1613:
1608:
303:
170:
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led an uprising against the Spanish in September 1597. Some chiefs of the tribe, whose vast territory stretched from the
33:
1384:
922:. Washington, D.C.: Division of Publications, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. 2018. pp. 31–34.
57:
443:
590:
357:
five frigates to pick up the treasure. It was feared that the news would reach the English and tempt them to assault
1566:
364:
557:
During his tenure, de Canço made four trips exploring the territory and subjugating the chiefs of the provinces of
502:
1588:
397:
331:
158:
153:"; c. 1554 – March 31, 1622) was a Spanish admiral who served as the seventh governor of the Spanish province of
787:
771:
672:
253:
1069:
578:
621:
455:
1593:
1449:
795:
593:
was destroyed by fire in St. Augustine, he built and equipped at his own expense a hospital in honor of
61:
1598:
1534:
1327:
995:
1572:
1044:
Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present
609:
598:
577:
and Oconah, whose territories bordered the Tama region. De Canço was able to persuade the chief of
546:
467:
337:
224:, de Canço provided three ships at his own expense for use by the royal navy. The first was called
217:
1434:
897:
260:("Virgin of the Conception"), was equipped with thirteen pieces of artillery and other munitions.
244:. Not daunted by this setback, he ordered the construction of a ship similar to the first, called
1550:
Asturias ilustrada: primitivo origen de la nobleza de España, su antiguedad, clases y diferencias
1119:
613:
566:
447:
319:
315:
291:
206:
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114:
94:
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Santa Elena: Spanish Settlements on the Atlantic Seaboard from Florida to Virginia, 1513 to 1607
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535:
1548:
1401:
1357:
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1133:
1012:
857:
562:
1359:
Situado and Sabana: Spain's Support System for the Presidio and Mission Provinces of Florida
951:
570:
519:
283:
832:
Martínez Rivas, José Ramón; García Carbajos, Rogelio; and Estrada Luis, Secundino (1992).
808:
545:
In May 1600 a delegation of Guale chiefs went to St. Augustine to swear obedience to King
295:
264:
249:
154:
1113:
228:(The Apostle Santiago), an escort ship for Spanish merchants going to or coming from the
1428:
891:
165:. During his tenure as governor of Florida, he dealt severely with a rebellion known as
690:
582:
506:
498:
475:
471:
414:
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was now the sole head of the English fleet, and ordered his ships to take shelter near
345:
1514:
The St. Augustine Record: The first hospital in what is now the United States was here
1504:(Basques in the discovery, exploration and conquest of Florida), by Gorka Rosain Unda.
1582:
944:
851:
594:
410:
389:
348:, the fleet was surprised by a storm that forced the crippled vessels to anchor in
221:
162:
1186:
United States. Army Puerto Rico Coast Artillery Command; Edward Albert Hoyt (1943).
302:. In 1592, for his accomplishments as a mariner and his services to the Crown, King
1501:
1206:
877:
Historia geográfica, civil y natural de la Isla de San Juan Bautista de Puerto-Rico
604:
In February 1603 (or 20 Oct 1603), Philip III appointed a new governor of Florida,
510:
278:
In the following years de Canço worked as captain of his own ships under orders of
1575:(in Spanish: Genealogy Canço-Donlebún family and junctions with other lineages V).
1187:
1160:
893:
The History of Puerto Rico: From the Spanish Discovery to the American Occupation
722:
608:, a development that prevented Canço from implementing his ambitious projects in
1162:
San Juan, ciudad de castillos y soldados: San Juan, City of Castles and Soldiers
479:
358:
349:
513:. Their grievances under the administration of governor de Canço included the
1535:
Genealogía de la familia Canço-Donlebún y sus entronques con otros linajes III
514:
373:
344:
on March 10, 1595, its ships loaded with gold and silver. While crossing the
352:. Even though the flagship, which carried three hundred men and two million
1573:
Genealogía de la familia Canço-Donlebún y sus entronques con otros linajes V
1165:(in Spanish and English). National Park Service, United States. p. 23.
641:
617:
483:
431:
311:
1112:
Drake Francis Sir; Philip Nichols; Francis Fletcher; Walter Bigges (1652).
16:
16/17th-century Spanish naval officer and colonial administrator of Florida
518:
of September 13, 1597, his warriors killed the Franciscan Friar Corpa at
1569:(in Spanish: The appointment of Admiral Gonzalo Méndez de Canço-Donlebún)
494:
377:
299:
229:
198:
182:
166:
98:
1249:
Studies in Culture Contact: Interaction, Culture Change, and Archaeology
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341:
241:
692:
Corn and Capitalism: How a Botanical Bastard Grew to Global Dominance
574:
558:
237:
233:
1219:
Lawrence Sanders Rowland; Alexander Moore; George C. Rogers (1996).
216:
In 1571, at the age of 17, he traveled to America in the company of
1135:
Forts of Old San Juan: San Juan National Historic Site, Puerto Rico
1502:
Vascos en el descubrimiento, exploración y conquista de La Florida
1192:. Prepared at the Puerto Rico Coast Artillery Command. p. 48.
363:
353:
287:
202:
174:
102:
489:
While de Canço was making plans for the colonization of Tama, a
178:
46:
March 22, 1596/ June 1597 – February 1603/ October 1603
1567:
El nombramiento del Almirante Gonzalo Méndez de Canço-Donlebún
950:(The Hayluyt Society ed.). New York: Routledge. pp.
1386:
Pirates, Indians and Spaniards: Father Escobedo's La Florida
1553:. en la oficina de Domingo Fernandez de Arrojo. p. 60.
834:
Historia de una emigración: asturianos a América, 1492–1599
340:
and escorted by Francisco Coloma's armada, left Havana for
1222:
The History of Beaufort County, South Carolina: 1514–1861
879:(in Spanish). Imprenta y librería de Acosta. p. 160.
470:, a region located on the banks of the confluence of the
181:
in the province, and for introducing its cultivation to
1478:
The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida: Assimilation
318:
dispatched him as an admiral of the fleet commanded by
209:. Nothing of his childhood is known, but he joined the
185:, Spain, where it eventually became an important crop.
1430:
Early history of the Creek Indians and their neighbors
1356:
Amy Turner Bushnell (1987). David Hurst Thomas (ed.).
890:
Van Middeldyk, R.A. (1903). Brumbaugh, Martin (ed.).
677:. University of Miami, Incorporated. 1959. p. 4.
601:
so that the Christianized Indians could attend mass.
240:
the ship was lost in the Atlantic at the latitude of
1276:
The Encyclopedia of Native American Economic History
838:
History of an Emigration: Asturians in the Americas
128:
120:
108:
88:
83:
67:
50:
32:
21:
790:. 162–163. Real Academia de la Historia. 1953: 60.
689:
1201:
1199:
1389:. Great Outdoors Publishing Company. p. 41.
1351:
1349:
1138:. Government Printing Office. 1996. p. 33.
628:. He died on March 31, 1622, in his birthplace.
1406:. University of Georgia Press. pp. 13–14.
1068:Albert C. Manucy; Ricardo Torres-Reyes (1973).
248:("Our Lady of Escontrela"), of which he became
573:, and the Mosquitos, as well as the chiefs of
1619:Spanish colonial governors and administrators
1036:
1034:
943:Maynarde, Thomas (2016). Cooley, W.A. (ed.).
724:University of Miami Hispanic-American Studies
674:University of Miami Hispanic-American Studies
585:to return and submit himself to the Spanish.
446:(or June 2, 1597, according to some sources)
8:
1481:. University Press of Florida. p. 128.
1225:. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 50.
788:"Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia"
765:
763:
761:
193:Gonzalo Méndez de Canço was born in 1554 at
1332:. Editorial MAPFRE. 1992. pp. 29, 43.
1279:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 270.
850:Thomas Maynarde (1849). W.D. Cooley (ed.).
450:appointed de Canço the seventh governor of
368:Expedition of Drake and Hawkins, 1595–1596
256:and lost the ship. The third ship, called
213:(Fleet of the West Indies Run) at age 14.
18:
1547:Jose Manuel Trelles Villademoros (1760).
1071:Puerto Rico and the forts of old San Juan
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
310:with an annual salary of thirty thousand
197:, in the parish of San Esteban de Tapia,
696:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p.
336:The Indies fleet, commanded by General
776:. University of Miami Press. p. 5.
664:
372:Shortly before reaching the islands of
804:
793:
509:), were concerned about the spread of
220:. In the course of his service to the
654:Battle of the Guadalupe Island (1595)
522:. The next day an assembly of allied
7:
1454:. Villagra Press. pp. 374–375.
1383:Alonso Gregorio de Escobedo (1963).
896:. D. Appleton and Company. pp.
286:and Pardo Coloma, on assignments in
853:Sir Francis Drake: His Voyage, 1595
478:rivers in what is now the state of
744:. Xerais de Galicia. p. 179.
211:Armada de la Carrera de las Indias
143:Gonzalo Méndez de Canço y Donlebún
14:
1403:St. Catherines: An Island in Time
738:Fermín Bouza-Brey Trillo (1982).
741:Etnografía y folklore de Galicia
1273:Bruce Elliott Johansen (1999).
1118:. for Nicholas Bourne. p.
1017:. Clarendon Press. p. 49.
871:Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra (1866).
1047:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 135–136.
616:, where he served as mayor of
232:. During a return voyage from
157:(1596–1603). He fought in the
1:
1604:Royal governors of La Florida
1433:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
1074:. Chatham Press. p. 42.
1000:. Navío y Corcel. p. 60.
132:Admiral and colonial governor
721:University of Miami (1958).
361:, as subsequently happened.
246:Nuestra Señora de Escontrela
161:against the English admiral
1624:Spanish people in New Spain
1400:David Hurst Thomas (2011).
1300:Barbara Alice Mann (2001).
856:. Hakluyt Society. p.
773:Florida on trial, 1593–1602
326:Defeat of Sir Francis Drake
263:Francisco de Novoa Feijóo,
1640:
1427:John Reed Swanton (1922).
1252:. SIU Press. p. 413.
770:Charles W. Arnade (1959).
329:
34:7th Governor of La Florida
1448:Eloy J. Gallegos (1998).
997:Mares y veleros de España
920:The Forts of Old San Juan
332:Battle of San Juan (1595)
159:Battle of San Juan (1595)
136:
79:
39:
28:
1306:. ABC-CLIO. p. 15.
1246:James G. Cusick (2015).
992:Jesús Evaristo Casariego
591:Pedro Menendez de Avilés
396:was responsible for the
275:in the Azores to Spain.
145:(alternatively spelled "
124:Magdalena de Luazes Lugo
1101:. Longman. p. 229.
308:capitán de mar y guerra
258:Virgen de la Concepción
23:Gonzalo Méndez de Canço
1475:John E. Worth (1998).
1011:R. B. Wernham (1994).
803:Cite journal requires
688:Arturo Warman (2003).
438:Governor of La Florida
369:
314:. On August 19, 1595,
58:Bartolomé de Argüelles
1041:David Marley (2008).
367:
62:Juan Menendez Marquez
1614:People from Asturias
1609:Governors of Florida
1095:Robert Bell (1834).
981:Maynarde 1849, p. 48
169:'s revolt among the
56:Alonso de las Alas,
1525:Bushnell1987, p. 67
599:San Pedro de Mocama
338:Sancho Pardo Osorio
226:El Apóstol Santiago
218:Sancho Pardo Osorio
1329:Asturias y América
614:Tapia de Casariego
370:
292:Spanish Royal Navy
195:Tapia de Casariego
115:Tapia de Casariego
95:Tapia de Casariego
954:–5, 9–11, 46–63.
140:
139:
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1589:Spanish admirals
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284:Francisco Osorio
171:Native Americans
84:Personal details
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19:
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1207:U.S. States F–K
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306:made him a
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1583:Categories
660:References
547:Philip III
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452:La Florida
374:Guadeloupe
189:Early life
155:La Florida
129:Profession
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238:Europe
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203:Spain
179:maize
175:Guale
103:Spain
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