840:
1046:
3248:
3264:
3294:
92:
25:
594:, seen as a cusp at the top of flare magnetic loops. He has examined the impact of a return current that is expected to be co-spatial with the streaming energetic electrons responsible for the highest energy X-ray emission from flares and, with Meriem Alaoui Abdallaoui, continues to examine the impact of the return current on flare evolution.
562:
magnetic reconnection caused by a polarity reversal in the solar wind magnetic field impacting the comet. The second event might have also been caused by a polarity reversal, but a high density and velocity compression region was present as well that might have caused or contributed to the event.
416:) with a temperature near 100 million degrees, not more energetic non-thermal electrons. Holman and collaborators showed how the population of non-thermal electrons responsible for the radio emission could also heat the plasma producing the X-rays, providing a connection between the two sources.
517:
The wavelength of microwave emission from active regions provides a measure of the magnetic field strength in hot, magnetically confined structures at coronal temperatures. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Holman and collaborators carried out the
Coronal Magnetic Structures Observing Campaign
488:
was given the designation "Type II radio burst" in the early 1950s. Holman and Pesses hypothesized that Type II emission is stimulated by electrons energized by shock drift acceleration. They found the hypothesis to be sound and identified implications for the geometry of the shock wave
561:
through which the comet was traveling. Brosius, Holman and collaborators examined two disconnection events that occurred during this period of time along with the properties of the solar wind measured by ICE. They concluded that the first disconnection event was most likely front-side
177:
provide a view of hot gas and energetic particles in the
Universe that could not otherwise be obtained. Holman has specialized in the interpretation of these observed emissions to determine the origin and evolution of this hot gas and energetic particles. He has been described as "not
328:
Senior
Research Associateship at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. He was hired into a federal civil service position at Goddard in 1985 in what is now the Laboratory for Solar Physics, where he remained until he retired in 2018. In 1988 Holman spent roughly six months at
585:
Holman has collaborated on major studies of the partition of energy in solar eruptive events (large eruptions consisting of both a flare and a coronal mass ejection). Observational studies by him and his collaborators have helped establish that the primary site of energy release is
505:
are located. Major solar flares and eruptions also originate in active regions. (However, in 2015 Holman and collaborator Adi Foord found that a significant X-ray flare occurred outside any active region, in association with the eruption of a long,
597:
Multiple reviews of this and related research have been authored or coauthored by Holman. In 2016 he authored a review addressing future observations from space that would lead to substantial progress toward our understanding of solar activity.
197:. He has authored or co-authored over one-hundred research papers for scientific journals as well as over one-hundred published abstracts of presentations at scientific meetings. They provide new information about solar flares and
404:. In his PhD Thesis Holman explored the implications of models that explained both sources as arising from the same population of energetic electrons. Subsequent observations in the mid-1970s indicated that the X-ray emission is
254:
1578:
526:(SMM) satellite as well as other relevant observations. Magnetic field strengths up to 600 Gauss were deduced, while the presence of cooler plasma and higher Alfvén speeds than expected in the corona were also inferred.
213:(see Research section below). He has also authored review articles, science magazine articles, book reviews, proposals, technical reports, referee reports, proposal reviews, and Web sites. He is author of the April 2006
582:. It was launched in early 2002 and was decommissioned in 2018. Much of Holman's research focuses on analysis of the RHESSI X-ray data to deduce the origin and evolution of energetic electrons produced in solar flares.
574:(RHESSI). The RHESSI satellite was an observatory designed to explore the basic physics of particle acceleration and explosive energy release in solar flares by obtaining high-resolution spectroscopic imaging of flares in
160:
from astronomical objects. This radiation cannot be observed from Earth's surface, but is observed with instruments on satellites launched to orbits above Earth's atmosphere. It is primarily emitted by high-energy
456:
of high-energy electrons partially mirrored at the bottom of a magnetic loop could be responsible for these spikes. This mechanism is also likely to be responsible for bright radio flares from active stars such as the
447:
radiation were observed during the impulsive phase of some solar flares. The high brightness of these spikes indicated that a coherent radiation process must be responsible. Holman and colleagues showed that
229:
published his article "Solar
Eruptive Events" in April 2012. He is author of the book "The Scientific Method: Why science is a crucial process for human progress, not just another academic subject or belief"
2089:
Holman, G. D.; Cheng, C.-C.; Gurman, J. B.; Haisch, B. M.; Poland, A. I.; Porter, J. G.; Saba, J. L. R.; Schmieder, B.; Strong, K. T. (1999). Strong, K. T.; Saba, J. L. R.; Haisch, B. M.; Schmelz, J. T. (eds.).
489:
and the corresponding sources of radio emission. Holman has collaborated on observational studies examining the initiation of coronal mass ejections and the properties of Type II emission.
3350:
514:
and its evolution is understood to be the source of energy for this activity. Therefore, it is important to know the strength and structure of active region magnetic fields.
3355:
1614:
571:
186:
278:. His PhD dissertation, obtained under the supervision of Dr. Wayne A. Christiansen, was titled "Models for X-Ray and Radio Emission from Clusters of Galaxies".
542:(also called gas or plasma tail) of the comet disconnects and moves away from the head. There are several possible explanations for this phenomenon, one of which is
2209:"The Comet Giacobini-Zinner handbook : an observer's guide to the first comet to be explored by a spacecraft, February 14, 1985 / created by Donald K. Yeomans ..."
939:
265:, Germany, where he interned with a group studying the stimulated emission of trapped electrons from solid surfaces. This led to a research note in the journal
608:
239:
1031:
553:
publication "The comet
Giacobini-Zinner handbook. An observer's guide to the first comet to be explored by a spacecraft". The intercepting spacecraft was the
3340:
341:
275:
435:
Alfvén waves could keep the particles from being slowed to this speed, especially in the exceptionally hot plasma in the clusters of galaxies.
325:
313:
astronomy group. He remained with this group at the
University of Maryland for four years. With Kundu he coedited the Proceedings of the
3345:
611:
for outstanding contributions to the scientific understanding of the processes of magnetic energy release and particle acceleration in solar flares.
298:
287:
3330:
1657:
1598:
557:(ICE). When Halley's comet made its appearance in 1986, ICE was nearby obtaining measurements of the thermal and magnetic properties of the
258:
294:
3335:
49:
431:
in the plasma. This would restrict the size of the radio source. Holman and collaborators showed that the damping of short-
953:
274:
Holman obtained a Master of
Science degree in physics in 1973 and Doctor of Philosophy degree in astrophysics in 1977, both from the
2262:
67:
3247:
1049:
Certificate certifying completion by Gordon D. Holman of NAS NRC Research
Associate position at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
286:
Holman started his career as a physics graduate student teaching observational laboratories for freshman astronomy students at the
2118:
364:
314:
2064:
Solar Active Region
Evolution: Comparing Models with Observations (Proceedings of the XIVth NSO/Sacramento Peak Summer Workshop)
1925:
554:
2239:
Brosius, J. W.; Holman, G. D.; Niedner, M. B.; Brandt, J. C.; Slavin, J. A.; Smith, E. J.; Zwickl, R. D.; Bame, S. J. (1987).
345:
2060:"Coronal Structures in Active Regions: Quantitative Results from Multi-Wavelength Observations and Comparisons with Models"
3325:
626:
356:
2712:
Su, Yang; Veronig, Astrid M.; Holman, Gordon D.; Dennis, Brian R.; Wang, Tongjiang; Temmer, Manuela; Gan, Waiqun (2013).
2144:"A global model of cometary tail disconnection events triggered by solar wind magnetic variations: MHD MODEL OF COMET DE"
615:
321:
2028:
941:
The
Scientific Method: Why science is a crucial process for human progress, not just another academic subject or belief
290:
in Chapel Hill, NC. He also assisted with lecture courses in astronomy, physics, and Physics and Society.
40:
1045:
368:
153:
3263:
2353:"Electron Bremsstrahlung Hard X-Ray Spectra, Electron Distributions, and Energetics in the 2002 July 23 Solar Flare"
762:
453:
360:
2655:
Savage, Sabrina L.; Holman, Gordon; Reeves, Katharine K.; Seaton, Daniel B.; McKenzie, David E.; Su, Yang (2012).
1253:
550:
1325:"X-ray and Radio Emission from Clusters of Galaxies: The Heating of Intracluster Gas by Relativistic Electrons"
945:
522:(VLA) radio telescope in New Mexico combined with X-ray observations from the Flat Crystal Spectrometer on the
247:
243:
1183:
2304:
Sui, Linhui; Holman, Gordon D.; Dennis, Brian R.; Krucker, Sam; Schwartz, Richard A.; Tolbert, Kim (2002).
388:
In the early 1970s extended sources of X-ray emission were detected in large clusters of galaxies with the
246:, Florida, in 1967, Holman obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in physics with a minor in mathematics at
3320:
3293:
3201:
3144:
3087:
3038:
2713:
2186:
The comet Giacobini-Zinner handbook. An observer's guide to the first comet to be explored by a spacecraft
1989:
1630:"Implications of the 1400 MHZ Flare Emission from AD Leo for the Emission Mechanism and Flare Environment"
622:
372:
2991:
2932:
2874:"Understanding Breaks in Flare X-Ray Spectra: Evaluation of a Cospatial Collisional Return-current Model"
2873:
2788:
2656:
2607:
2558:
1877:
1304:"The X-ray temperatures of eight clusters of galaxies and their relationship to other cluster properties"
911:
859:
587:
543:
523:
473:
267:
2858:
2241:"On the Cause of Plasma Tail Disconnection Events in Comet Halley During the ICE- Halley Radial Period"
783:
156:
in Greenbelt, Maryland. His research mostly focused on obtaining an understanding of high-energy
352:
and summer interns. He contributed to the NASA / UC Berkeley Lesson Series Exploring Magnetism.
3315:
3213:
3166:
3109:
3050:
3003:
2954:
2895:
2800:
2735:
2678:
2619:
2570:
2503:
2464:
2411:
2364:
2317:
2190:
2099:
2071:
2001:
1962:
1889:
1802:
1751:
1710:
1637:
1543:
1502:
1461:
1416:
1375:
1336:
1284:
1169:
1124:
1093:
1068:
1013:
982:
636:
485:
349:
310:
2844:
35:
3202:"Scientific considerations for future spectroscopic measurements from space of activity on the Sun"
1404:
1236:
864:
215:
2219:
3229:
3182:
3156:
3125:
3099:
3068:
3019:
2972:
2944:
2913:
2885:
2826:
2751:
2725:
2694:
2668:
2637:
2588:
2521:
2380:
2333:
2091:
1907:
1820:
1792:
1608:
1559:
1278:
1222:
1150:
1087:
1009:
767:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Colloquia, quote from introduction by Brian R. Dennis
507:
302:
2240:
2208:
2657:"Low-altitude Reconnection Inflow-Outflow Observations during a 2010 November 3 Solar Eruption"
1113:"Evidence for the Full Hard X-ray Spectral Signature of Nonuniform Ionization in a Solar Flare"
3088:"Implications of X-ray Observations for Electron Acceleration and Propagation in Solar Flares"
2059:
1950:
1878:"Direct Spatial Association of an X-Ray Flare with the Eruption of a Solar Quiescent Filament"
1698:
1653:
1594:
1490:
1363:
1324:
1142:
949:
825:
405:
389:
330:
317:(IAU) Symposium No, 107, "Unstable Current Systems and Plasma Instabilities in Astrophysics".
173:
which is observed from Earth's surface. Consequently, these observations from space and
2933:"Role of Suprathermal Runaway Electrons Returning to the Acceleration Region in Solar Flares"
3221:
3174:
3117:
3058:
3011:
2962:
2903:
2816:
2808:
2743:
2686:
2627:
2578:
2511:
2472:
2427:
2419:
2372:
2325:
2215:
2163:
2155:
2040:
2009:
1970:
1897:
1810:
1759:
1755:
1718:
1645:
1636:. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 116. Dordrecht: Reidel. pp. 35–37.
1586:
1551:
1510:
1469:
1424:
1420:
1383:
1344:
1132:
990:
899:
519:
413:
2789:"Understanding the Impact of Return-current Losses on the X-Ray Emission from Solar Flares"
1303:
1032:"Symposium – International Astronomical Union: Volume 107 – | Cambridge Core cambridge.org"
895:
3267:
NASA Group Achievement Award, awarded to the RHESSI Science and Data Analysis Team in 2013
3251:
Citation to 2018 NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal awarded to Gordon D. Holman
2516:
2491:
1364:"The Heating of Gas in Clusters of Galaxies by Relativistic Electrons: Collective Effects"
924:
401:
174:
170:
2769:
546:
at the front of the comet where the tail magnetic field wraps around the nucleus.
518:(CoMStOC). This campaign obtained observations of multiple active regions with the
424:
3217:
3170:
3113:
3054:
3007:
2958:
2899:
2804:
2739:
2682:
2623:
2608:"Evidence for Magnetic Reconnection in Three Homologous Solar Flares Observed by RHESSI"
2574:
2507:
2468:
2415:
2368:
2352:
2321:
2194:
2184:
2103:
2075:
2005:
1966:
1893:
1806:
1714:
1641:
1547:
1506:
1465:
1428:
1379:
1340:
1288:
1128:
1097:
1072:
1062:
1017:
986:
743:
91:
511:
428:
202:
129:
1902:
1137:
1112:
716:
3309:
3233:
2976:
2917:
2830:
2812:
2755:
2690:
2592:
2525:
2337:
2306:"Modeling Images and Spectra of a Solar Flare Observed by RHESSI on 20 February 2002"
2142:
Jia, Ying-Dong; Combi, Michael R.; Hansen, Kenneth C.; Gombosi, Tamas I. (May 2007).
2096:
The Many Faces of the Sun: A Summary of the Results from NASA's Solar Maximum Mission
2013:
1911:
1154:
678:
498:
484:
and beyond. Radio emission has long been observed from these shock waves. This
334:
225:
198:
182:
3186:
3129:
3072:
3023:
2698:
2641:
2384:
2280:
1838:
1824:
800:
3039:"Critical issues for understanding particle acceleration in impulsive solar flares"
1779:
Chrysaphi, Nicolina; Kontar, Eduard P.; Holman, Gordon D.; Temmer, Manuela (2018).
1563:
692:
591:
481:
458:
397:
262:
145:
2539:
1764:
1739:
1673:
1590:
2931:
Alaoui, Meriem; Holman, Gordon D.; Allred, Joel C.; Eufrasio, Rafael T. (2021).
2351:
Holman, Gordon D.; Sui, Linhui; Schwartz, Richard A.; Emslie, A. Gordon (2003).
1649:
1450:"Origin and transport of electrons in the halo radio source in the Coma cluster"
306:
297:. In August 1977 he was awarded a two-year Postdoctoral Fellowship at the
194:
2967:
2908:
1815:
1780:
1579:"An Interpretation of Solar Flare Microwave Spikes as Gyrosynchrotron Masering"
255:
International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience
3178:
3121:
2329:
1629:
1237:"Officers and Committees of the Solar Physics Division of the AAS (2000–2010)"
558:
539:
477:
432:
393:
210:
1146:
845:
Harvard Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory / NASA Astrophysics Data System
219:
article "The Mysterious Origins of Solar Flares" and principal author of the
2821:
2559:"Evidence for the Formation of a Large-Scale Current Sheet in a Solar Flare"
2143:
2027:
Brosius, Jeffrey W.; Holman, Gordon D.; Schmelz, Joan T. (15 October 1991).
1699:"Solar Type II Radio Emission and the Shock Drift Acceleration of Electrons"
1208:
994:
579:
461:
444:
420:
157:
3279:
1531:
2305:
1990:"Results from CoMStOC: The coronal magnetic structures observing campaign"
1010:"Models for X-ray and Radio Emission from Clusters of Galaxies – NASA/ADS"
970:
3225:
2476:
2432:
2423:
2168:
2159:
880:
162:
141:
118:
971:"Optically stimulated electron emission from LiF with thermal bleaching"
614:
As a member of the RHESSI Science and Data Analysis Team, he received a
3015:
2448:
2399:
1089:
Modeling Solar Flare Hard X-ray Images and Spectra Observed with RHESSI
502:
409:
293:
In 1977 Holman was hired as a lecturer in the Astronomy Program at the
3063:
2747:
2044:
1491:"Particle Streaming: Is the Alfven Velocity the Ultimate Speed Limit?"
903:
419:
It had been argued that energetic charged particles streaming through
2263:"Interview with Brian Dennis and Gordon Holman: NASA's Sun-Earth Day"
1555:
1362:
Scott, J. S.; Holman, G. D.; Ionson, J. A.; Papadopoulos, K. (1980).
371:(COSPAR). He was an elected member of the SPD Committee of the
2540:"Coronal Mass Ejections, Solar Flares, and the Sun-Earth Connection"
2029:"EOS Science News by AGU: Microwave polarization inversion observed"
340:
While at NASA Goddard, Holman supervised four PhD students (through
2949:
2890:
2632:
2583:
2447:
Emslie, A. G.; Dennis, B. R.; Holman, G. D.; Hudson, H. S. (2005).
2376:
2058:
Holman, G. D. (1994). Balasubramaniam, K. S.; Simon, G. W. (eds.).
1974:
1797:
1740:"Radio evidence for breakout reconnection in solar eruptive events"
1723:
1515:
1474:
1449:
1388:
1348:
784:"The Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI)"
3292:
3262:
3246:
3161:
3104:
2730:
2673:
1044:
575:
570:
Holman was Co-Investigator and member of the science team for the
535:
449:
206:
190:
1738:
Aurass, H.; Holman, G.; Braune, S.; Mann, G.; Zlobec, P. (2013).
1283:. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill PhD Dissertation.
149:
1781:"CME-driven Shock and Type II Solar Radio Burst Band Splitting"
2714:"Imaging coronal magnetic-field reconnection in a solar flare"
2492:"Global Energetics of Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections"
860:"The Mysterious Origins of Solar Flares – Scientific American"
166:
18:
2859:"Early Career Scientist Spotlight – Meriem Alaoui Abdallaoui"
1280:
Models for X-ray and Radio Emission from Clusters of Galaxies
566:
Energetic particles and magnetic reconnection in solar flares
384:
Hot gas and energetic electrons in giant clusters of galaxies
1111:
Su, Yang; Holman, Gordon D.; Dennis, Brian R. (2011-04-01).
3145:"Deducing Electron Properties from Hard X-ray Observations"
1862:
1405:"Cosmic-ray propagation in the Galaxy: collective effects"
1170:"Return currents in solar flares: Theory and observations"
468:
Radio emission from shock waves driven by solar eruptions
2606:
Sui, Linhui; Holman, Gordon D; Dennis, Brian R. (2004).
841:"SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS): Gordon Holman"
148:
at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (
763:"The Puzzle of Energy Release in Solar Eruptive Events"
621:
In 2007 he received the Popular Writing Award from the
3297:
Gordon D. Holman 2014 Who's Who in the World Biography
2449:"Refinements to flare energy estimates: A followup to
1585:. Vol. 86. Dordrecht: Reidel. pp. 457–459.
1302:
Mitchell, R. J.; Ives, J. C.; Culhane, J. L. (1977).
2770:"A Flaring Loop at the Solar Limb as Seen by Yohkoh"
2119:"A Disconnection Event in the Tail of Comet Leonard"
896:"Solar Eruptive Events: Physics Today: Vol 65, No 4"
187:
Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager
493:
Coronal magnetic field in active regions on the Sun
472:Eruptions of rapidly moving material from the Sun,
125:
114:
106:
98:
82:
3351:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
1489:Holman, G.D.; Ionson, J. A.; Scott, J. S. (1979).
1209:"Member Directory | American Astronomical Society"
396:were also observed in some large clusters such as
189:(RHESSI), a space observatory designed to observe
1926:"Exploring Magnetism in Solar Flares – session 4"
1628:Holman, G. D.; Bookbinder, J.; Golub, L. (1985).
1577:Holman, G. D.; Eichler, D.; Kundu, M. R. (1980).
2400:"Energy partition in two solar flare/CME events"
1613:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2024 (
1532:"Millisecond microwave spikes in a solar flare"
717:"Fast Electrons, Bremsstrahlung, & Bowling"
3206:Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
2457:Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
2451:Energy partition in two solar flare/CME events
2404:Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
2148:Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
1951:"The microwave structure of hot coronal loops"
534:A particularly impressive feature observed in
1064:A Thermal/nonthermal Approach to Solar Flares
572:Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager
178:just a theorist, he also looks at the data".
8:
3356:University of Maryland, College Park faculty
2183:Yeomans, D. K.; Brandt, J. C. (1985-01-01).
1632:. In Hjellming, R. M.; Gibson, D.M. (eds.).
969:Kaul, W.; Sutter, E.; Holman, G. D. (1971).
439:Maser emission from the Sun and active stars
253:In the summer of 1970 Holman was awarded an
2490:Aschwanden, Markus J.; et al. (2019).
1949:Holman, Gordon D.; Kundu, Mukul R. (1985).
1409:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
423:thermal plasma could only propagate at the
276:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
223:(last revised in 2007). The magazine
2872:Alaoui, Meriem; Holman, Gordon D. (2017).
1581:. In Kundu, M. R.; Gergely, T. E. (eds.).
881:"Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages"
90:
79:
3160:
3103:
3062:
2966:
2948:
2907:
2889:
2820:
2729:
2672:
2631:
2582:
2515:
2431:
2167:
1901:
1814:
1796:
1763:
1722:
1514:
1473:
1387:
1136:
169:. These electrons also emit radiation at
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
2774:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages
2544:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages
1843:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages
1678:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages
1092:. Greenbelt, MD: NASA/TM – 2005-212776.
805:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages
744:"Why Study Solar Flares in Hard X-Rays?"
721:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages
697:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages
679:"Gordon D. Holman NASA Biography (2015)"
609:Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal
497:The Sun's magnetic field is enhanced in
221:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Pages
2557:Sui, Linhui; Holman, Gordon D. (2003).
748:Solar Flare Theory Educational Web Site
649:
549:In 1985 Holman contributed to the NASA
333:in Washington DC assisting with NASA's
299:Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics
288:Morehead Planetarium and Science Center
16:American astrophysicist, NASA scientist
3037:Miller, James A.; et al. (1997).
1988:Schmelz, J. T.; Holman, G. D. (1991).
1876:Holman, Gordon D.; Foord, Adi (2015).
1606:
920:
909:
320:In 1983 Holman was awarded a two-year
2496:Journal of Physics: Conference Series
1697:Holman, G. D.; Pesses, M. E. (1983).
673:
635:A short biography has been listed in
538:is the disconnection event, when the
181:Holman spent most of his career as a
7:
778:
776:
761:Holman, Gordon D. (April 25, 2014).
738:
736:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
295:University of Maryland, College Park
259:Physikalisch-Techniche Bundesanstalt
3143:Kontar, E. P.; et al. (2011).
3086:Holman, G. D.; et al. (2011).
2398:Emslie, A. G.; et al. (2004).
1429:10.1146/annurev.aa.12.090174.000443
1184:"Exploring Magnetism lesson series"
894:Holman, Gordon D. (April 1, 2012).
858:Holman, Gordon D. (April 1, 2006).
530:Comet ion tail disconnection events
3341:Goddard Space Flight Center people
1323:Lea, S. M.; Holman, G. D. (1978).
1168:Alaoui Abdallaoui, Meriem (2018).
443:In 1978 and later rapid spikes of
346:The Catholic University of America
14:
2992:"Particle Acceleration in Flares"
2990:Benz, A. O.; et al. (1994).
1254:"Uhuru | Center for Astrophysics"
375:(SPD) of the AAS in 2005 – 2007.
2117:Phillips, Dr Tony (2021-12-28).
1061:Benka, Stephen G. (1991-01-01).
365:International Astronomical Union
337:proposal review process.
315:International Astronomical Union
23:
3346:Florida State University alumni
3043:Journal of Geophysical Research
2517:10.1088/1742-6596/1332/1/012002
2269:(Audio Podcast). 14 March 2011.
607:In 2018 Holman received NASA's
555:International Cometary Explorer
1:
3331:American Astronomical Society
627:American Astronomical Society
357:American Astronomical Society
2014:10.1016/0273-1177(91)90099-6
1591:10.1007/978-94-010-9722-2_65
616:NASA Group Achievement Award
427:because of interaction with
322:National Academy of Sciences
257:(IAESTE) traineeship at the
1903:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/108
1765:10.1051/0004-6361/201321111
1650:10.1007/978-94-009-5420-5_3
1138:10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/106
369:Committee on Space Research
185:on the Science Team of the
154:Goddard Space Flight Center
43:. The specific problem is:
3372:
3336:American Geophysical Union
3280:"SPD Popular Media Awards"
3200:Holman, Gordon D. (2016).
2845:"Meriem Alaoui Abdallaoui"
2813:10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/52
2787:Holman, Gordon D. (2012).
2691:10.1088/0004-637X/754/1/13
2245:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1994:Advances in Space Research
1744:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1277:Holman, Gordon D. (1977).
1008:Holman, Gordon D. (1977).
361:American Geophysical Union
355:Holman is a member of the
301:. He was hired as a
39:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
3179:10.1007/s11214-011-9804-x
3122:10.1007/s11214-010-9680-9
2937:The Astrophysical Journal
2878:The Astrophysical Journal
2793:The Astrophysical Journal
2661:The Astrophysical Journal
2612:The Astrophysical Journal
2563:The Astrophysical Journal
2357:The Astrophysical Journal
1955:The Astrophysical Journal
1882:The Astrophysical Journal
1785:The Astrophysical Journal
1703:The Astrophysical Journal
1495:The Astrophysical Journal
1454:The Astrophysical Journal
1368:The Astrophysical Journal
1329:The Astrophysical Journal
1117:The Astrophysical Journal
551:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
326:National Research Council
89:
2968:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0820
2909:10.3847/1538-4357/aa98de
2033:Eos: Science News by AGU
1816:10.3847/1538-4357/aae9e5
1583:Radio Physics of the Sun
1223:"Gordon D. Holman | IAU"
946:Kindle Direct Publishing
801:"What is a Solar Flare?"
629:for his 2006 article in
348:) and mentored numerous
248:Florida State University
3212:(12): 11, 667–11, 697.
2330:10.1023/A:1022417832283
2098:. Springer-Verlag: 41.
1756:2013A&A...555A..40A
1593:(inactive 2024-02-25).
1421:1974ARA&A..12...71W
1403:Wentzel, D. G. (1974).
995:10.1002/pssa.2210040235
975:Physica Status Solidi A
938:Holman, Gordon (2023).
693:"What are Hard X-Rays?"
3298:
3268:
3252:
2453:by A. G. Emslie et al"
2285:hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov
1674:"Sun-Earth Connection"
1050:
919:Cite journal requires
623:Solar Physics Division
474:coronal mass ejections
394:Extended radio sources
373:Solar Physics Division
238:After graduating from
3296:
3266:
3250:
3149:Space Science Reviews
3092:Space Science Reviews
1977:– via NASA ADS.
1448:Jaffe, W. J. (1977).
1048:
588:magnetic reconnection
544:magnetic reconnection
524:Solar Maximum Mission
268:Physica Status Solidi
240:Northeast High School
45:images as references.
3326:NASA astrophysicists
3226:10.1002/2016JA022651
2477:10.1029/2005JA011305
2424:10.1029/2004JA010571
2160:10.1029/2006JA012175
1930:cse.ssl.berkeley.edu
1530:Slottje, C. (1978).
1188:cse.ssl.berkeley.edu
1086:Sui, Linhui (2005).
631:Scientific American.
486:solar radio emission
350:Postdoctoral Fellows
207:disconnection events
203:clusters of galaxies
50:improve this article
3218:2016JGRA..12111667H
3171:2011SSRv..159..301K
3114:2011SSRv..159..107H
3055:1997JGR...10214631M
3049:(A7): 14631–14660.
3008:1994SoPh..153...33B
2959:2021ApJ...917...74A
2900:2017ApJ...851...78A
2805:2012ApJ...745...52H
2740:2013NatPh...9..489S
2683:2012ApJ...754...13S
2624:2004ApJ...612..546S
2575:2003ApJ...596L.251S
2508:2019JPhCS1332a2002A
2469:2005JGRA..11011103E
2416:2004JGRA..10910104E
2369:2003ApJ...595L..97H
2322:2002SoPh..210..245S
2220:2027/uva.x004195091
2195:1985cgha.book.....Y
2104:1999mfs..conf...41H
2076:1994ASPC...68..356H
2006:1991AdSpR..11a.109S
1967:1985ApJ...292..291H
1894:2015ApJ...804..108H
1807:2018ApJ...868...79C
1715:1983ApJ...267..837H
1642:1985ASSL..116...35H
1548:1978Natur.275..520S
1507:1979ApJ...228..576H
1466:1977ApJ...212....1J
1380:1980ApJ...239..769S
1341:1978ApJ...222...29L
1289:1977PhDT.........4H
1258:www.cfa.harvard.edu
1129:2011ApJ...731..106S
1098:2004PhDT........32S
1073:1991PhDT........12B
1018:1977PhDT.........4H
987:1971PSSAR...4..101K
865:Scientific American
216:Scientific American
3299:
3269:
3253:
3016:10.1007/BF00712491
1051:
508:quiescent filament
303:Research associate
138:Gordon Dean Holman
84:Gordon Dean Holman
3064:10.1029/97JA00976
2748:10.1038/nphys2675
2281:"RHESSI Web Site"
2045:10.1029/90EO00328
1659:978-94-010-8892-3
1600:978-90-277-1121-2
1542:(5680): 520–521.
904:10.1063/PT.3.1520
637:Marquis Who's Who
602:Awards and honors
406:thermal radiation
392:satellite.
331:NASA Headquarters
309:to work with his
171:radio frequencies
165:interacting with
135:
134:
78:
77:
70:
41:quality standards
32:This article may
3363:
3300:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3270:
3260:
3254:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3164:
3155:(1–4): 301–355.
3140:
3134:
3133:
3107:
3098:(1–4): 107–166.
3083:
3077:
3076:
3066:
3034:
3028:
3027:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2952:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2893:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2822:2060/20120008262
2784:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2733:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2676:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2586:
2569:(2): L251–L254.
2554:
2548:
2547:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2123:Spaceweather.com
2114:
2108:
2107:
2092:"Active Regions"
2086:
2080:
2079:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1905:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1800:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1604:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1556:10.1038/275520a0
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:Holman, Gordon.
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1140:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1058:
1052:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1005:
999:
998:
981:(2): K101–K104.
966:
960:
959:
935:
929:
928:
922:
917:
915:
907:
891:
885:
884:
879:Holman, Gordon.
876:
870:
869:
855:
849:
848:
839:Holman, Gordon.
836:
830:
829:
824:Holman, Gordon.
821:
815:
814:
812:
811:
797:
791:
790:
788:
780:
771:
770:
758:
752:
751:
740:
731:
730:
728:
727:
713:
707:
706:
704:
703:
689:
683:
682:
675:
520:Very Large Array
510:.) The enhanced
452:emission from a
175:radio telescopes
94:
80:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
27:
26:
19:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3291:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3245:
3241:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3036:
3035:
3031:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2463:(A11): A11103.
2446:
2445:
2441:
2410:(A10): A10104.
2397:
2396:
2392:
2363:(2): L97–L101.
2350:
2349:
2345:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2039:(42): 449–454.
2026:
2025:
2021:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1605:
1601:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1007:
1006:
1002:
968:
967:
963:
956:
937:
936:
932:
918:
908:
893:
892:
888:
878:
877:
873:
857:
856:
852:
838:
837:
833:
823:
822:
818:
809:
807:
799:
798:
794:
786:
782:
781:
774:
760:
759:
755:
742:
741:
734:
725:
723:
715:
714:
710:
701:
699:
691:
690:
686:
677:
676:
651:
646:
604:
568:
532:
495:
470:
441:
386:
381:
367:(IAU), and the
342:UNC Chapel Hill
284:
250:in 1971.
244:Fort Lauderdale
236:
183:solar physicist
85:
74:
63:
57:
54:
47:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3285:
3271:
3255:
3239:
3192:
3135:
3078:
3029:
3002:(1–2): 33–53.
2982:
2923:
2864:
2850:
2836:
2779:
2761:
2724:(8): 489–493.
2718:Nature Physics
2704:
2647:
2633:10.1086/422515
2618:(1): 546–556.
2598:
2584:10.1086/379343
2549:
2531:
2482:
2439:
2390:
2377:10.1086/378488
2343:
2316:(1): 245–259.
2296:
2272:
2254:
2231:
2200:
2175:
2134:
2109:
2081:
2050:
2019:
2000:(1): 109–116.
1980:
1975:10.1086/163159
1941:
1917:
1868:
1854:
1839:"Solar Flares"
1830:
1771:
1730:
1724:10.1086/160918
1689:
1665:
1658:
1620:
1599:
1569:
1522:
1516:10.1086/156881
1481:
1475:10.1086/155011
1440:
1395:
1389:10.1086/158162
1354:
1349:10.1086/156118
1315:
1294:
1269:
1245:
1228:
1214:
1199:
1175:
1160:
1103:
1078:
1053:
1037:
1023:
1000:
961:
955:979-8854425674
954:
930:
921:|journal=
886:
871:
850:
831:
826:"ResearchGate"
816:
792:
772:
753:
732:
708:
684:
648:
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
633:
619:
612:
603:
600:
567:
564:
531:
528:
512:magnetic field
499:active regions
494:
491:
469:
466:
440:
437:
385:
382:
380:
377:
283:
280:
235:
232:
199:active regions
193:emission from
146:astrophysicist
133:
132:
130:Astrophysicist
127:
123:
122:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
87:
86:
83:
76:
75:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3368:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:Living people
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2996:Solar Physics
2993:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2502:(1): 012002.
2501:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2433:2027.42/95583
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2310:Solar Physics
2307:
2300:
2297:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2169:2027.42/94832
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2135:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1690:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1270:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
962:
957:
951:
947:
943:
942:
934:
931:
926:
913:
905:
901:
897:
890:
887:
882:
875:
872:
867:
866:
861:
854:
851:
846:
842:
835:
832:
827:
820:
817:
806:
802:
796:
793:
785:
779:
777:
773:
768:
764:
757:
754:
749:
745:
739:
737:
733:
722:
718:
712:
709:
698:
694:
688:
685:
680:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
650:
643:
638:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:
613:
610:
606:
605:
601:
599:
595:
593:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
565:
563:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
529:
527:
525:
521:
515:
513:
509:
504:
500:
492:
490:
487:
483:
479:
475:
467:
465:
463:
460:
455:
451:
446:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
412:thermal gas (
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
378:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
335:Space physics
332:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
281:
279:
277:
272:
270:
269:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:Physics Today
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
131:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
81:
72:
69:
61:
51:
46:
42:
38:
37:
30:
21:
20:
3288:
3274:
3258:
3242:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3046:
3042:
3032:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2853:
2839:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2442:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2288:. Retrieved
2284:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2223:. Retrieved
2211:
2203:
2185:
2178:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2126:. Retrieved
2122:
2112:
2095:
2084:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2036:
2032:
2022:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1933:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1857:
1846:. Retrieved
1842:
1833:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1668:
1633:
1623:
1582:
1572:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1460:(212): 1–7.
1457:
1453:
1443:
1432:. Retrieved
1412:
1408:
1398:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1307:. Retrieved
1297:
1279:
1272:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:
1248:
1231:
1217:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1163:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1088:
1081:
1063:
1056:
1040:
1026:
1003:
978:
974:
964:
940:
933:
912:cite journal
889:
874:
863:
853:
844:
834:
819:
808:. Retrieved
804:
795:
766:
756:
747:
724:. Retrieved
720:
711:
700:. Retrieved
696:
687:
630:
596:
584:
569:
548:
533:
516:
496:
482:solar corona
471:
459:M-dwarf star
454:distribution
442:
429:Alfvén waves
425:Alfvén speed
418:
387:
354:
339:
319:
292:
285:
273:
266:
263:Braunschweig
252:
237:
224:
220:
214:
195:solar flares
180:
137:
136:
64:
55:
48:Please help
44:
33:
3316:1949 births
2267:Archive.org
2154:(A5): n/a.
1961:: 291–296.
1863:"Adi Foord"
1634:Radio Stars
478:shock waves
311:solar radio
307:Mukul Kundu
305:in 1979 by
211:comet tails
201:as well as
107:Nationality
58:August 2023
52:if you can.
3310:Categories
2950:2103.13999
2891:1706.03897
2290:2023-04-15
2225:2023-08-15
2212:HathiTrust
2128:2023-04-16
1935:2023-04-16
1888:(2): 108.
1848:2023-04-14
1798:1810.08026
1683:2023-04-14
1434:2023-04-14
1309:2023-04-14
1263:2023-03-07
1193:2023-04-14
1123:(2): 106.
1067:(Thesis).
810:2023-04-17
726:2023-04-17
702:2023-04-17
644:References
580:gamma rays
559:solar wind
433:wavelength
421:magnetized
408:from hot,
126:Occupation
3234:126213071
3162:1110.1755
3105:1109.6496
2977:232352553
2943:(2): 74.
2918:126138492
2884:(2): 78.
2831:120586153
2799:(1): 52.
2756:119226120
2731:1307.4527
2674:1111.1945
2667:(1): 13.
2593:120173304
2526:209934624
2338:117196829
1912:124233139
1791:(2): 79.
1609:cite book
1155:120731036
1147:0004-637X
445:microwave
234:Education
163:electrons
158:radiation
144:research
115:Education
3187:55797275
3130:52242510
3073:36824157
3024:16744095
2699:54750353
2642:53982160
2385:56240913
1825:53395062
769:(Video).
618:in 2013.
540:ion tail
503:sunspots
501:, where
476:, drive
464:.
379:Research
142:emeritus
119:Emeritus
110:American
34:require
3214:Bibcode
3167:Bibcode
3110:Bibcode
3051:Bibcode
3004:Bibcode
2955:Bibcode
2896:Bibcode
2801:Bibcode
2736:Bibcode
2679:Bibcode
2620:Bibcode
2571:Bibcode
2504:Bibcode
2465:Bibcode
2412:Bibcode
2365:Bibcode
2318:Bibcode
2191:Bibcode
2100:Bibcode
2072:Bibcode
2070:: 356.
2002:Bibcode
1963:Bibcode
1890:Bibcode
1803:Bibcode
1752:Bibcode
1750:: A40.
1711:Bibcode
1709:: 837.
1638:Bibcode
1564:4164792
1544:Bibcode
1503:Bibcode
1501:: 576.
1462:Bibcode
1417:Bibcode
1376:Bibcode
1374:: 769.
1337:Bibcode
1285:Bibcode
1125:Bibcode
1094:Bibcode
1069:Bibcode
1014:Bibcode
983:Bibcode
625:of the
590:in the
480:in the
410:ionized
402:Perseus
363:(AGU),
359:(AAS),
36:cleanup
3232:
3185:
3128:
3071:
3022:
2975:
2916:
2829:
2754:
2697:
2640:
2591:
2524:
2383:
2336:
2251:: 267.
1910:
1823:
1656:
1597:
1562:
1536:Nature
1415:: 71.
1335:: 29.
1153:
1145:
952:
592:corona
576:X rays
536:comets
462:AD Leo
414:plasma
282:Career
140:is an
3230:S2CID
3183:S2CID
3157:arXiv
3126:S2CID
3100:arXiv
3069:S2CID
3020:S2CID
2973:S2CID
2945:arXiv
2914:S2CID
2886:arXiv
2827:S2CID
2752:S2CID
2726:arXiv
2695:S2CID
2669:arXiv
2638:S2CID
2589:S2CID
2522:S2CID
2381:S2CID
2334:S2CID
1908:S2CID
1821:S2CID
1793:arXiv
1560:S2CID
1240:(PDF)
1151:S2CID
787:(PDF)
450:maser
390:Uhuru
191:X-ray
121:, PhD
2500:1332
1654:ISBN
1615:link
1595:ISBN
1143:ISSN
950:ISBN
925:help
578:and
400:and
398:Coma
344:and
205:and
167:ions
152:’s)
150:NASA
102:1949
99:Born
3222:doi
3210:121
3175:doi
3153:159
3118:doi
3096:159
3059:doi
3047:102
3012:doi
3000:153
2963:doi
2941:917
2904:doi
2882:851
2817:hdl
2809:doi
2797:745
2744:doi
2687:doi
2665:754
2628:doi
2616:612
2579:doi
2567:596
2512:doi
2473:doi
2461:110
2428:hdl
2420:doi
2408:109
2373:doi
2361:595
2326:doi
2314:210
2249:187
2216:hdl
2164:hdl
2156:doi
2152:112
2041:doi
2010:doi
1971:doi
1959:292
1898:doi
1886:804
1811:doi
1789:868
1760:doi
1748:555
1719:doi
1707:267
1646:doi
1587:doi
1552:doi
1540:275
1511:doi
1499:228
1470:doi
1458:212
1425:doi
1384:doi
1372:239
1345:doi
1333:222
1133:doi
1121:731
991:doi
900:doi
261:in
242:in
209:in
3312::
3228:.
3220:.
3208:.
3204:.
3181:.
3173:.
3165:.
3151:.
3147:.
3124:.
3116:.
3108:.
3094:.
3090:.
3067:.
3057:.
3045:.
3041:.
3018:.
3010:.
2998:.
2994:.
2971:.
2961:.
2953:.
2939:.
2935:.
2912:.
2902:.
2894:.
2880:.
2876:.
2825:.
2815:.
2807:.
2795:.
2791:.
2772:.
2750:.
2742:.
2734:.
2720:.
2716:.
2693:.
2685:.
2677:.
2663:.
2659:.
2636:.
2626:.
2614:.
2610:.
2587:.
2577:.
2565:.
2561:.
2542:.
2520:.
2510:.
2498:.
2494:.
2471:.
2459:.
2455:.
2426:.
2418:.
2406:.
2402:.
2379:.
2371:.
2359:.
2355:.
2332:.
2324:.
2312:.
2308:.
2283:.
2265:.
2247:.
2243:.
2214:.
2189:.
2162:.
2150:.
2146:.
2121:.
2094:.
2068:68
2066:.
2062:.
2037:72
2035:.
2031:.
2008:.
1998:11
1996:.
1992:.
1969:.
1957:.
1953:.
1928:.
1906:.
1896:.
1884:.
1880:.
1841:.
1819:.
1809:.
1801:.
1787:.
1783:.
1758:.
1746:.
1742:.
1717:.
1705:.
1701:.
1676:.
1652:.
1644:.
1611:}}
1607:{{
1558:.
1550:.
1538:.
1534:.
1509:.
1497:.
1493:.
1468:.
1456:.
1452:.
1423:.
1413:12
1411:.
1407:.
1382:.
1370:.
1366:.
1343:.
1331:.
1327:.
1256:.
1186:.
1149:.
1141:.
1131:.
1119:.
1115:.
1012:.
989:.
977:.
973:.
948:.
944:.
916::
914:}}
910:{{
898:.
862:.
843:.
803:.
775:^
765:.
746:.
735:^
719:.
695:.
652:^
324:/
271:.
3282:.
3236:.
3224::
3216::
3189:.
3177::
3169::
3159::
3132:.
3120::
3112::
3102::
3075:.
3061::
3053::
3026:.
3014::
3006::
2979:.
2965::
2957::
2947::
2920:.
2906::
2898::
2888::
2861:.
2847:.
2833:.
2819::
2811::
2803::
2776:.
2758:.
2746::
2738::
2728::
2722:9
2701:.
2689::
2681::
2671::
2644:.
2630::
2622::
2595:.
2581::
2573::
2546:.
2528:.
2514::
2506::
2479:.
2475::
2467::
2436:.
2430::
2422::
2414::
2387:.
2375::
2367::
2340:.
2328::
2320::
2293:.
2228:.
2218::
2197:.
2193::
2172:.
2166::
2158::
2131:.
2106:.
2102::
2078:.
2074::
2047:.
2043::
2016:.
2012::
2004::
1973::
1965::
1938:.
1914:.
1900::
1892::
1865:.
1851:.
1827:.
1813::
1805::
1795::
1768:.
1762::
1754::
1727:.
1721::
1713::
1686:.
1662:.
1648::
1640::
1617:)
1603:.
1589::
1566:.
1554::
1546::
1519:.
1513::
1505::
1478:.
1472::
1464::
1437:.
1427::
1419::
1392:.
1386::
1378::
1351:.
1347::
1339::
1312:.
1291:.
1287::
1266:.
1242:.
1225:.
1211:.
1196:.
1172:.
1157:.
1135::
1127::
1100:.
1096::
1075:.
1071::
1034:.
1020:.
1016::
997:.
993::
985::
979:4
958:.
927:)
923:(
906:.
902::
883:.
868:.
847:.
828:.
813:.
789:.
750:.
729:.
705:.
681:.
639:.
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
