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as an inherently unstable form of government. This came at a time when
Britain was searching for allies, particularly Catholic Austria, in the American War of Independence to challenge the strong coalition the French had built. Britain had also initiated secret negotiations with Catholic Spain to end
370:
Another suggested cause was
Britain's weakened international position, which had arisen from the country's isolation in Europe and the disappointing news coming from the ongoing war. Some rioters were against the continuation of the war, and many strongly supported American independence, while others
409:
in the area. Those that were present in the House of
Commons were not strong enough to take on the angry mob. Eventually a detachment of soldiers was summoned, and they dispersed the crowd without violence. Inside the House of Commons, the petition was overwhelmingly dismissed by a vote of 192 to 6.
396:
which had become the symbol of their movement. As they marched, their numbers swelled. They attempted to force their way into the House of
Commons, but without success. Gordon, petition in hand, and wearing in his hat the blue cockade of the Protestant Association, entered the Commons and presented
286:
The 1698 anti-Catholic laws had largely been ignored for many years and were rarely enforced. Because of this, many leading
Catholics were opposed to the repeal of these laws, fearing it would stir up anti-Catholic sentiment for little practical return. It was also pointed out that large numbers of
256:
Wild and savage insurrection quitted the woods, and prowled about our streets in the name of reform.... A sort of national convention ... nosed parliament in the very seat of its authority; sat with a sort of superintendence over it; and little less than dictated to it, not only laws, but the very
346:
After the first march to
Parliament, further riots occurred involving groups whose grievances were nationalist, economic, or political, rather than religious. Aside from the issue of Catholic emancipation, it has also been suggested that the driving force of the riots was Britain's poor economic
282:
as well as granting a few and limited liberties. There were strong expedient reasons for this change. British military forces at the time were stretched very thinly in what had become a global
American War of Independence, with conflicts ongoing with France, Spain, and the new United States. The
535:
The army was called out on 7 June and given orders to fire upon groups of four or more who refused to disperse. About 285 people were shot dead, with another 200 wounded. Around 450 of the rioters were arrested. Of those arrested, about twenty or thirty were later tried and executed. Gordon was
347:
situation: the loss of trade during the war had led to falling wages, rising prices, and periodic unemployment. As Rudé noted, there was no general attack on the
Catholic community, "the victims of the riots" being distinguished by the fact they were "on the whole, persons of substance".
323:. He implied that Catholics in the military would, given a chance, join forces with their co-religionists on the Continent and attack Britain. He enjoyed popularity in Scotland where he took part in a successful campaign to prevent the same legislation from being introduced into
603:, who led citizen militia against the rioters. Many of his followers saw this as a betrayal; some of them may have been among the rioters. A pamphlet and a book of poems defending the role of Gordon were written and published by the polemicist and hymn-writer
327:, although the Act continued in force in England and Wales and in Ireland. The success in obstructing the law in Scotland led Gordon to believe he could enjoy similar success in the rest of Britain and Ireland. Early in 1780 Gordon had several audiences with
585:
Spanish support of the United States. After learning of the riots, the
Spanish government pulled back from peace negotiations with Britain, concerned that the disorder would lead to a widespread collapse of the current British administration.
366:
six years before, which, among other provisions, removed the reference to the Protestant faith from the oath of allegiance, and guaranteed free practice of Catholicism. This view was ridiculed by many of his colleagues.
277:
The stated intention of the
Papists Act 1778 was, as its preamble notes, to mitigate some of the official discrimination against Roman Catholics in Great Britain. It absolved Catholics from taking the religious oath when joining the
2331:
653:
contains a vivid evocation of the Gordon Riots, with two unsympathetic characters taken for Papists and finding refuge in the home of the rich Spanish Jew, the father of the young Jewish woman at the centre of the love story.
226:, when Britain, with no major allies, was fighting American rebels, France, and Spain. Public opinion, especially in middle-class and elite circles, repudiated anti-Catholicism and lower-class violence, and rallied behind
641:(1799) anachronistically resituates the Gordon Riots amidst the political events of the 1790s. Its narrator unwittingly becomes a prominent figure in the riots, which Walker depicts as solely destructive and acquisitive.
404:
Despite being aware of the possibility of trouble, the authorities had failed to take steps to prevent violence breaking out. The Prime Minister, Lord North, had forgotten to issue an order mobilising the small number of
1679:
482:, one of the poorest parts of the city, was the home of many Irish immigrant workers and had a large area of open ground where crowds could assemble. Despite the appeal of a prominent Irish merchant, James Malo, to the
500:. This allowed large numbers of prisoners to escape, many of whom were never recaptured. Severe destruction was inflicted on Catholic churches and homes and chapels on the grounds of several embassies, as well as on
490:, no additional protection was offered to the area. During 3 June a crowd had gathered in Moorfields, and by nightfall it began to go on the rampage. Malo's house was amongst the many to be sacked and burned.
516:, the riot reached its climax. An attempt on the Bank of England was narrowly averted when a combination of the London Military Association and regular troops repulsed rioters, resulting in heavy casualties.
350:
Voting in parliamentary elections was restricted by a property threshold, so most Londoners were unable to vote and many hoped for reforms to make Parliament more representative of the people. However,
622:, though tennis shoes were worn inside the bank. From that date until 31 March 1973 the detachment became more functional than ceremonial, doing their duties in service dress with automatic weapons.
331:
but was unable to convince him of what he saw as the dangers of the act. George III initially humoured Gordon, but grew increasingly irritated with him and eventually refused any future audiences.
319:
became its president in 1779, in an effort to force the repeal of the Papists Act. An articulate propagandist, though eccentric, Gordon inflamed the mob with fears of Papism and a return to
418:
Once the mob around Parliament had dispersed, it seemed to the government that the worst of the disorder was over. However, the same night a crowd gathered and attacked the Roman Catholic
215:
Violence started later on 2 June 1780, with the looting and burning of Catholic chapels in foreign embassies. Local magistrates, afraid of drawing the mob's anger, did not invoke the
958:
A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the earliest period to the year 1783, with notes and other illustrations
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1592:
Atherton, Jonathan. "Obstinate juries, impudent barristers and scandalous verdicts? Compensating the victims of the Gordon Riots of 1780 and the Priestley Riots of 1791."
230:. Demands were made for a London police force. There appeared painted on the wall of Newgate Prison a proclamation that the inmates had been freed by the authority of
355:
has argued that "no matter how much one would like to interpret the Gordon Riots ... as economically motivated, they remain fundamentally anti-Catholic in character".
2442:
1738:
388:
On 2 June 1780 a huge crowd, estimated at 40,000 to 60,000 strong, assembled and marched on the Houses of Parliament. Many carried flags and banners proclaiming "
334:
The political climate deteriorated rapidly. On 29 May 1780, Gordon called a meeting of the Protestant Association, and his followers subsequently marched on the
2517:
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219:. There was no repression until the government finally sent in the army, resulting in an estimated 300–700 deaths. The main violence lasted until 9 June 1780.
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291:, were already serving in the military. In spite of this, the government decided to press ahead with the Bill, and had it introduced in Parliament by
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1367:
Green, Dominic (2013). "The Making of a "Protestant Rabbin". The Cultural Transfers of Lord George Gordon, 1781–1793". In Schulze, Thies (ed.).
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Groth, Helen. "Rioting, Nineteenth-Century Fiction, and the Limits of Liberalism." (Dissertation, University of New South Wales; 2017)
1419:
Jones, Brad A. (2013). "'In Favour of Popery': Patriotism, Protestantism, and the Gordon Riots in the Revolutionary British Atlantic".
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The riots highlighted the problems Britain faced by not having a professional police force, a notion which was opposed as foreign and
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1813:
1385:
Haydon, Colin (2013). "Eighteenth-Century English Anti-Catholicism: Contexts, Continuity and Diminution.". In Wolffe, John (ed.).
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Contemporary illustrations: burning of the Newgate Prison and proclamation of George III. of June 5, 1780 (Corporation of London)
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1644:
Haydon, Colin. "‘Popery at St. James’s’: The Conspiracy Theses of William Payne, Thomas Hollis, and Lord George Gordon." in
742:, referencing that he and his men had been guarding the titular bank in a certain fashion since "the Gordon Riots in 1780."
2502:
2288:
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2011:
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719:(2020), blends a detailed depiction of the Gordon Riots with supernatural plot elements and an apocalyptic denouement.
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1986:
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227:
113:
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novels (1981–2007), the protagonist Richard Sharpe's mother was killed during the riots while he was still a child.
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shocked many by proposing in parliament that Britain should consider forming a force modelled on the French police.
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2348:
2120:
2037:
1770:
1703:
666:
is centered on a long and detailed description of the Gordon Riots and features Lord George in a prominent role.
1305:
Black, Eugene Charlton (1963). "The Tumultuous Petitioners: The Protestant Association in Scotland, 1778–1780".
2437:
2427:
2198:
1913:
1843:
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564:, and militia from the city and neighbouring counties. The defence of the Bank of England was conducted by the
419:
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arrested and charged with high treason but was acquitted. Brackley Kennett, the Lord Mayor, was convicted of
2507:
2389:
2153:
1996:
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50:
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1991:
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467:
614:, would march to the bank to perform security duties. Until 1963 the duty was performed by the Guards in
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2006:
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The events at the Bank of England started a tradition where a detachment of soldiers, usually from the
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The Protestant Association of London had the support of leading Calvinist religious figures, including
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George Rudé, "The Gordon Riots: A Study of the Rioters and Their Victims: The Alexander Prize Essay,"
2257:
2127:
2115:
2052:
2042:
1971:
1933:
1599:
Awcock, Hannah. "Handbills, rumours, and blue cockades: Communication during the 1780 Gordon Riots."
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depicts the Gordon Riots and the recalcitrance of Lord North to the establishment of a police force.
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the petition. Outside, the situation quickly got out of hand and a riot erupted. Members of the
496:, where rioters arrested on 2 June were being held, was attacked and largely destroyed, as was
375:. In many cases a mix of issues blended together and drove people to take part in the rioting.
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200:, head of the Protestant Association, argued that the law would enable Catholics to join the
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2016:
2001:
1961:
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1629:
The King and the Catholics: England, Ireland, and the fight for religious freedom, 1780–1829
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1340:. Dresden University of Technology – TU Dresden, Institute for English and American Studies.
1314:
1105:
1043:
680:
487:
446:, was destroyed and crowds caused random violence in streets known to house rich Catholics.
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recruitment of Catholics would be a significant help to address this shortfall of manpower.
185:
85:
1222:, eds Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements and Isobel Grundy (London: Batsford, 1990), p. 276.
2303:
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1976:
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and was given a £1,000 fine. The military units which dealt with the rioters included the
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and plot treason. The protest led to widespread rioting and looting, including attacks on
193:
1665:
Rogers, Nicholas. "Nights of Fire: The Gordon Riots of 1780 and the Politics of War." in
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were attacked as they arrived, and a number of carriages were vandalised and destroyed.
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1279:
Bloody Romanticism: Spectacular Violence and the Politics of Representation, 1776–1832
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The riots damaged the reputation of Britain across Europe, where many saw British
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Military intervention in Britain: from the Gordon riots to the Gibraltar Incident
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1966:
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Survey of London, volume 3: St Giles-in-the-Fields, pt I: Lincoln's Inn Fields
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479:
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41:
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1388:
Protestant-Catholic Conflict from the Reformation to the Twenty-first Century
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and soldiers were called out and made thirteen arrests, although most of the
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Crowd Actions in Britain and France from the Middle Ages to the Modern World
696:
depicts the main protagonists caught up in the riots as innocent Londoners.
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324:
235:
17:
2332:
Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests
1579:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire
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Fischer, Pascal. "Blending spaces: the Gordon riots in literature." in
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Soldiers deployed to the Gordon Riots, depicted in an 1879 painting by
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74:
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70:
1507:
1069:
Hibbert, Christopher; Weinreb, Ben; Keay, John; Keay, Julia (2010).
1695:
1651:
Joyce, Peter, and Wendy Laverick. "Crowd Disorders, 1750–1800." in
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sentiment. They began with a large and orderly protest against the
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453:
265:
443:
1699:
1618:
A Companion to the Eighteenth‐Century English Novel and Culture
1533:
The Gordon Riots, in Paris and London in the Eighteenth Century
1398:
King Mob: The Story of Lord George Gordon and the Riots of 1780
1011:"The Gordon Riots of 1780: London in Flames, a Nation in Ruins"
851:"The Gordon Riots of 1780: London in Flames, a Nation in Ruins"
705:, a scene set in 1780 refers to the Gordon Riots, showing the
248:
later recalled the riots as a dangerous foretaste of the 1789
599:
The riots destroyed the popularity of the radical politician
371:
were angry that Britain's war effort was being mishandled by
1044:"Lincoln's Inn Fields: The Church of SS. Anselm and Cecilia"
180:
of 1780 were several days of rioting in London motivated by
1371:. Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 165–184.
1182:
The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence
1646:
Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theory in Early Modern Europe
338:
to deliver a petition demanding the repeal of the Act.
212:
and was the most destructive in the history of London.
738:
Mentioned by Peter O'Toole's character to Aldo Ray in
1662:(Manchester University Press, 2017) pp. 108–144.
1075:(reprint, 3rd ed.). Pan Macmillan. p. 170.
787:. Printed by W. Wilson, for Vernor, Hood, and Sharpe.
1106:"Southwark – Winchester House and Barclay's Brewery"
2377:
2361:
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2211:
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2061:
2025:
1954:
1947:
1852:
1779:
1731:
166:
161:
95:
81:
65:
57:
34:
1206:—was not established until 29 September 1829. The
1050:. Institute of Historical Research. pp. 81–84
1655:( Springer International, 2023) pp. 85–105.
1653:History of Policing, Crime, Disorder, Punishment
1551:Crowds, Culture and Politics in Georgian Britain
1540:Rudé, George (2005). "'Church and King' Riots".
1265:Once a Grenadier: The Grenadier Guards 1945–1995
1042:Riley, W. Edward; Gomme, Laurence, eds. (1912).
1669:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015) pp. 124–145.
1220:The Feminist Companion to Literature in English
1202:A Greater London Professional Police Force—the
731:features a principal character mostly known as
254:
1485:Rudé, George (July 1955). "The Gordon Riots".
1184:(New York: Harper & Row, 1965), pp. 59–60.
2513:Attacks on buildings and structures in London
1711:
1549:Rogers, Nicholas (1998). "The Gordon Riots".
8:
1686:Barnaby Rudge A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty
1553:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 152–175.
1500:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
1131:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
980:Jacobitism and the English People, 1688–1788
358:Shortly after the riots had broken out, the
238:" afterwards denoted an unruly and fearsome
2327:George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom
982:(Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 163.
508:, and the house of the Lord Chief Justice,
106:
2215:
1951:
1718:
1704:
1696:
1660:Britain and its internal others, 1750–1800
570:Thomas Twisleton, 13th Baron Saye and Sele
222:The riots occurred near the height of the
40:
31:
2493:Attacks on churches in the United Kingdom
592:. The day after the riots broke out, the
512:. On 7 June, called "Black Wednesday" by
1391:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 46–70.
1350:The Journals and Letters of Susan Burney
920:. Oxford University Press. p. 446.
824:Horn, David Bayne; Mary Ransome (1996).
287:Catholics, recruited in Ireland and the
190:discrimination against British Catholics
188:, which was intended to reduce official
1476:. In Herbermann, Charles George (ed.).
1281:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 196–198.
768:
740:The Day They Robbed The Bank of England
715:, a novel by English SF/Fantasy author
472:John Rocque's Map of London, dated 1746
257:form and essence of legislature itself.
2483:Catholic–Protestant sectarian violence
2443:Battles and military actions in London
1242:
826:English Historical Documents 1714–1783
752:Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom
692:Miranda Hearn's 2003 historical novel
434:had managed to escape. The same night
90:anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom
510:William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield
7:
2518:William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne
2453:Massacres committed by Great Britain
1210:would not be established until 1839.
273:, head of the Protestant Association
1814:1768 Massacre of St George's Fields
2458:History of Christianity in England
2199:1999 Carnival Against Capital riot
25:
2279:2011 Stokes Croft riot (Bristol)
2284:2011 UK anti-austerity protests
2246:2009 G20 London summit protests
2179:1994 Criminal Justice Bill riot
1739:1189–1190 Massacres of the Jews
1601:Journal of Historical Geography
1480:. New York: Robert Appleton Co.
1233:"Rash Gordon: The Gordon Riots"
2169:1992 Hartcliffe riot (Bristol)
2038:1974 Red Lion Square disorders
1982:1932 Old Market riot (Bristol)
1648:(Routledge, 2017) pp. 173–195.
1613:(Brill, 2018) pp. 98–112.
1560:The Great Liberty Riot of 1780
560:, line infantry including the
1:
2473:Political violence in England
2289:2011 London anti-cuts protest
1914:1838 Battle of Bossenden Wood
1870:1816 Ely and Littleport riots
1844:1795 Revolt of the housewives
1396:Hibbert, Christopher (1959).
1352:. Ashgate. pp. 168–181.
849:Ian Haywood (11 March 2013).
783:; Joseph Nightingale (1810).
702:The Great Rock'n'Roll Swindle
2448:18th-century riots in London
2154:1990 Strangeways Prison riot
2012:1958 Notting Hill race riots
1997:1943 Battle of Bamber Bridge
1929:1866 Hyde Park demonstration
1749:1355 St Scholastica Day riot
1151:Philip Mansel, pp. 126–127,
562:2nd (Queen's Royal) Regiment
558:Honourable Artillery Company
224:American War of Independence
2523:Frederick North, Lord North
2478:Anti-Catholicism in England
2194:1996 Trafalgar Square riots
1992:1936 Battle of Cable Street
1824:1776 Nottingham cheese riot
1296:Babington, Anthony (1990).
1204:Metropolitan Police Service
956:Howell, Thomas Bayly (ed.)
442:Embassy in Warwick Street,
114:Government of Great Britain
2539:
2463:Religious riots in England
1987:1932 National Hunger March
1977:1919 Luton Peace Day riots
1535:. London: Fontana/Collins.
1421:Journal of British Studies
1267:Pen and Sword, 14 Mar 1996
1249:: CS1 maint: url-status (
876:Eighteenth Century England
2405:Territorial Support Group
2349:2024 United Kingdom riots
2121:Murder of Keith Blakelock
2116:1985 Broadwater Farm riot
2053:1979 Death of Blair Peach
1972:1919 Battle of Bow Street
1478:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1454:10.1080/09687590600785779
1319:10.1017/S003467050000485X
674:The Masters of Bow Street
321:absolute monarchical rule
100:
39:
2274:2010 UK student protests
1924:1865 Leeds dripping riot
1839:1793 Bristol Bridge riot
1689:, Charles Dickens, from
1558:Nicholson, John (1985).
1442:Disability & Society
1133:Vol. 6 (1956), pp. 97–98
891:A Letter to a Noble Lord
540:for not reading out the
420:Sardinian Embassy Chapel
2048:1977 Battle of Lewisham
1880:1821 Cinderloo Uprising
1611:Resistance and the City
1596:88.242 (2015): 650–673.
1577:Simms, Brendan (2008).
1470:Pollen, John Hungerford
1263:p. 113 Lindsay, Oliver
1237:historiclondontours.com
1072:The London Encyclopedia
894:. The Harvard Classics.
777:Brayley, Edward Wedlake
582:constitutional monarchy
232:"His Majesty, King Mob"
228:Lord North's government
27:Event in London in 1780
2299:Killing of Mark Duggan
2251:Death of Ian Tomlinson
2159:1991 Meadow Well riots
2033:1970 Garden House riot
1875:1819 Peterloo Massacre
1819:1769 Spitalfield riots
1787:1710 Sacheverell riots
1771:1668 Bawdy House riots
1376:Haydon, Colin (1993).
1110:British History Online
914:Innes, Joanna (2009).
888:Burke, Edmund (1796).
554:Inns of Court Yeomanry
532:
475:
468:Bethlem Royal Hospital
392:", and most wore blue
299:Protestant Association
274:
259:
107:Protestant Association
2468:Religion and politics
2400:Public Order Act 1986
2339:2022 Leicester unrest
2241:2005 Birmingham riots
2164:1991 Handsworth riots
2106:1985 Handsworth riots
2099:1981 Handsworth riots
2084:1981 Chapeltown riots
2002:1944 Park Street riot
1865:1816 Spa Fields riots
1792:1714 Coronation riots
1754:1381 Peasants' Revolt
1531:Rudé, George (1974).
1277:Haywood, Ian (2006).
1208:City of London Police
568:under the command of
527:
457:
269:
2503:1780 in Christianity
2304:House of Reeves fire
2258:2009 Upton Park riot
2184:1995 Manningham riot
2128:1987 Chapeltown riot
2043:1975 Chapeltown riot
1962:1907 Brown Dog riots
1860:1809 Old Price riots
1834:1791 Priestley riots
1542:The Crowd in History
969:Rudé, (1974), p. 287
799:"Lord George Gordon"
785:London and Middlesex
727:, a comic series by
566:9th Regiment of Foot
424:Lincoln's Inn Fields
280:British Armed Forces
2488:Anti-Catholic riots
2369:1981 Scarman report
2344:2024 Harehills riot
2236:2001 Harehills riot
2226:2001 Bradford riots
2149:1990 Poll Tax riots
2094:1981 Moss Side riot
2007:1945 Aldershot riot
1732:12th–17th centuries
1594:Historical Research
1502:. 5th (6): 93–114.
1433:10.1017/jbr.2012.60
1153:Pillars of Monarchy
978:Paul Kleber Monod,
878:(1974) pp. 469–472.
781:James Norris Brewer
626:In fiction and film
538:criminal negligence
384:March on Parliament
2294:2011 England riots
2174:1993 Welling riots
2133:1989 Dewsbury riot
2089:1981 Toxteth riots
2074:1981 England riots
2069:1980 St Pauls riot
2017:1968 student riots
1934:1887 Bloody Sunday
1919:1842 Pottery Riots
1902:1831 Bristol riots
1797:1715 England riots
1744:The revolt of 1196
1603:74#1 (2021): 1–9.
1412:; popular history
1307:Review of Politics
874:Dorothy Marshall,
694:A Life Everlasting
616:Home Service Dress
533:
530:John Seymour Lucas
476:
428:Bow Street Runners
414:Embassies attacked
317:Lord George Gordon
289:Scottish Highlands
275:
271:Lord George Gordon
198:Lord George Gordon
151:Bow Street Runners
2413:
2412:
2357:
2356:
2231:2001 Oldham riots
2207:
2206:
2189:1995 Brixton riot
2111:1985 Brixton riot
2079:1981 Brixton riot
1939:1896 Newlyn riots
1897:1831 reform riots
1829:1780 Gordon riots
1766:1517 Evil May Day
1691:Project Gutenberg
1627:Fraser, Antonia.
1359:978-0-7546-5592-3
1239:. 19 August 2022.
1193:Hibbert pp. 64–65
1095:Hibbert pp. 66–71
1023:Hibbert pp. 47–53
991:Hibbert pp. 63–64
947:Hibbert pp. 31–32
927:978-0-19-160677-9
904:Hibbert pp. 24–27
835:978-0-415-14372-1
612:Brigade of Guards
594:Earl of Shelburne
466:, Moorfields and
309:Erasmus Middleton
293:Sir George Savile
250:French Revolution
174:
173:
157:
156:
16:(Redirected from
2530:
2216:
1952:
1909:1832 Days of May
1885:1830 Swing riots
1759:Treason Act 1381
1726:Riots in England
1720:
1713:
1706:
1697:
1620:(2005): 459–480
1582:
1581:. Penguin Books.
1573:
1554:
1545:
1544:. London: Serif.
1536:
1527:
1494:
1481:
1465:
1436:
1411:
1400:. Dorset Press.
1392:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1341:
1337:The Gordon Riots
1330:
1301:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1180:Richard Morris,
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
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1096:
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1057:
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989:
983:
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934:
911:
905:
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896:
895:
885:
879:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
846:
840:
839:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
801:. Archived from
795:
789:
788:
773:
709:hung in effigy.
681:Bernard Cornwell
488:Brackley Kennett
360:Duke of Richmond
336:House of Commons
186:Papists Act 1778
102:
101:
86:Papists Act 1778
47:The Gordon Riots
44:
32:
21:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2438:1780s in London
2428:1780 in England
2418:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2390:Riots in London
2373:
2353:
2315:
2262:
2203:
2137:
2057:
2021:
1967:1919 Epsom riot
1943:
1848:
1809:1766 food riots
1775:
1727:
1724:
1676:
1631:(Anchor, 2019)
1589:
1587:Further reading
1576:
1570:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1508:10.2307/3678842
1497:
1484:
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1142:Babington p. 27
1141:
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855:Gresham College
848:
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823:
822:
818:
808:
806:
797:
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792:
775:
774:
770:
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760:
748:
658:Charles Dickens
645:Maria Edgeworth
628:
605:Maria De Fleury
578:
522:
520:Army repression
452:
416:
386:
381:
344:
329:King George III
301:
264:
210:Bank of England
194:Popery Act 1698
192:enacted by the
153:
142:
127:
116:
109:
77:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2536:
2534:
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2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:Newgate Prison
2505:
2500:
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2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:Riots in Leeds
2381:
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1989:
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1674:External links
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1474:"Gordon Riots"
1466:
1448:(5): 411–423.
1437:
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1313:(2): 183–211.
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805:on 1 June 2009
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729:Grant Morrison
724:The Invisibles
717:John Whitbourn
672:'s 1974 novel
647:'s 1817 novel
627:
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514:Horace Walpole
494:Newgate Prison
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1890:Captain Swing
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1569:0-904063-16-X
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1501:
1496:
1493:(7): 429–437.
1492:
1488:
1487:History Today
1483:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
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1451:
1447:
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1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:(1): 79–102.
1426:
1422:
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1409:
1407:0-88029-399-3
1403:
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1390:
1389:
1383:
1379:
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1355:
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1347:
1346:Burney, Susan
1343:
1339:
1338:
1334:Boeker, Uwe.
1332:
1328:
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1199:
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1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
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1161:0-7043-2424-5
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1139:
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1132:
1126:
1123:
1111:
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1101:
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1084:
1082:9781405049252
1078:
1074:
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1065:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1032:Hibbert p. 56
1029:
1026:
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1017:
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985:
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893:
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884:
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868:
856:
852:
845:
842:
837:
831:
828:. Routledge.
827:
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791:
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772:
769:
762:
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664:
663:Barnaby Rudge
660:' 1841 novel
659:
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631:George Walker
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183:
182:anti-Catholic
179:
169:
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137:
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126:
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99:
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84:
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72:
68:
64:
61:2–9 June 1780
60:
56:
52:
51:Charles Green
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2415:
2212:21st century
1948:20th century
1853:19th century
1828:
1780:18th century
1684:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1628:
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1610:
1600:
1593:
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1559:
1550:
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1445:
1441:
1424:
1420:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1368:
1349:
1336:
1310:
1306:
1300:. Routledge.
1297:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1236:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1198:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1171:Simms p. 640
1167:
1152:
1147:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1091:
1071:
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1047:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1005:
1000:Simms p. 633
996:
987:
979:
974:
965:
952:
943:
933:15 September
931:. Retrieved
916:
909:
900:
890:
883:
875:
870:
860:20 September
858:. Retrieved
854:
844:
825:
819:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
793:
784:
771:
739:
737:
722:
721:
712:
711:
700:
699:In the film
698:
693:
691:
684:
678:
673:
670:John Creasey
668:
661:
656:
648:
643:
639:The Vagabond
638:
629:
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546:Horse Guards
534:
506:Fleet Prison
492:
478:The area of
477:
417:
403:
387:
369:
357:
349:
345:
342:Other causes
333:
305:Rowland Hill
302:
285:
276:
255:
246:Edmund Burke
244:
234:. The term "
221:
214:
202:British Army
178:Gordon Riots
177:
175:
125:British Army
46:
35:Gordon Riots
29:
18:Gordon riots
1955:1900s–1960s
1054:16 February
707:Sex Pistols
601:John Wilkes
550:Foot Guards
460:London Wall
432:ringleaders
313:John Rippon
240:proletariat
2433:1780 riots
2422:Categories
758:References
713:BABYLONdon
650:Harrington
590:absolutist
502:New Prison
484:Lord Mayor
480:Moorfields
450:Moorfields
436:the chapel
407:Constables
373:Lord North
364:Quebec Act
353:Paul Monod
262:Background
162:Casualties
1524:155720228
1462:144804564
1327:146502784
576:Aftermath
498:The Clink
390:No Popery
325:Scots law
82:Caused by
2395:Riot Act
2309:Timeline
1802:Riot Act
1562:. Bozo.
1472:(1909).
1245:cite web
746:See also
733:King Mob
633:'s anti-
620:bearskin
542:Riot Act
464:Moorgate
440:Bavarian
394:cockades
236:King Mob
217:Riot Act
208:and the
167:Death(s)
66:Location
2498:Pogroms
2378:Related
2362:Reports
1516:3678842
1290:Sources
1115:25 July
809:25 July
635:Jacobin
458:Map of
438:of the
170:300–700
96:Parties
75:England
1640:online
1633:online
1622:online
1605:online
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1522:
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1414:online
1404:
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686:Sharpe
637:novel
556:, the
311:, and
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71:London
2320:2020s
2267:2010s
2219:2000s
2142:1990s
2062:1980s
2026:1970s
1520:S2CID
1512:JSTOR
1458:S2CID
1323:S2CID
763:Notes
618:with
470:from
379:Riots
1564:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1251:link
1157:ISBN
1117:2009
1077:ISBN
1056:2013
935:2013
922:ISBN
862:2021
830:ISBN
811:2009
444:Soho
176:The
58:Date
49:by
1504:doi
1450:doi
1429:doi
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