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301:, arrived on the island from Gallo island, running away from the indigenous group that lived there. Pizarro and thirteen of his men remained for seven months on Gorgona waiting for the arrival of provisions, preparing for a continuation of his efforts to conquer Peru. Pizarro, who considered the island an "inferno", gave it the name Gorgona after losing many of his men to bites from the great number of snakes that inhabit the island. The name refers to the mythical
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475:, patron of the inmates, Camargo hid in the bushes on the island evading the authorities. He constructed a small raft of logs tied with jungle vines. A day later, he arrived on the Pacific Coast. The authorities assumed that he had died at sea and the press reported that he had been eaten by sharks. From his September 1984 escape until February 1986 Carmago killed and raped between 72 and 180 girls in
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island. It is a very quiet place, built facing the ocean. Each group is assigned one guide upon arrival to accompany the tourists wherever the group wishes to go. Since
Gorgona is a tropical environment known for its venomous snakes, visitors are not allowed to set foot anywhere unaccompanied and not wearing boots, except for the beach in front of the rooms.
523:, separated by a 270 m deep depression. Southwest of Gorgona, there is another much smaller island called Gorgonilla. Gorgonilla has an area of 48.99 hectares. Gorgona and Gorgonilla are separated by the Tasca strait, which is 400 m long. Before an earthquake on 31 March 1983, it was possible to cross from Gorgona to Gorgonilla by foot during low tide.
267:
253:. Gorgona functioned as a prison from 1959 until 1984 when it was turned into a National Natural Park. The island, noted for its many endemic species and unique ecosystems, was established as Gorgona Island National Park in 1985, in order to preserve its richly varied wildlife of the sub-tropical forest and the coral reefs offshore.
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in the world. The population of 150 pairs registered in 2002 exceeds the number of individuals in other regional localities. Brown boobies in
Gorgona National Natural Park breed asynchronously; on the same date Ospina-Alvarez recorded eggs, chicks in early or youthful stages, and fledged chicks. The
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Thanks to the frequent rains and high humidity, Gorgona has a rich hydrographic system that includes a large amount of water currents flowing towards the ocean. Most of these are located on the eastern side of the island. Around 25 streams remain active all year round and 75 during the rainy season.
526:
Several rock islets are found southwest of
Gorgonilla, of which the largest is called "El Viudo" (the Widower). There are other rock islets located at the northern tip of Gorgona called Rocas del Horno (Oven Rocks). They are separated from Gorgona by Bocas de Horno (Oven mouths). These rocks rise up
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Inmates were constantly abused by their jailers and other prisoners. Many of them also lost their lives from snake-bite and tropical diseases. Convicts were dissuaded from escaping by the venomous snakes in the interior of the island and the sharks patrolling the 30 km to the mainland. However,
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On the eastern (continental) side of the island there are white sand beaches made up of coral reef detritus. On the western (oceanic) side there are mostly cliffs battered by the sea and a couple of sandy beaches. Pizarro Beach is located on the northeastern shore and is named as such because it is
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center with lodgings and a restaurant. Visitors need previous permission to come to the island. Gorgona can host around 80 visitors at one given time. Camping is not allowed, and the only housing available is the one provided by the park administration in El
Poblado, the only settlement area of the
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During the first half of the 20th century, Gorgona remained mostly uninhabited. In 1959 the island was turned into a penal colony. It became a state high security prison housing
Colombia's more violent criminals, generally those convicted of murder and rape. The penitentiary was built following the
237:
situated about 28 km (17 mi) off the
Colombian Pacific coast. The island is 9 km (5.6 mi) long and 2.5 km (1.6 mi) across at its widest, with a maximum height of 338 m (1,109 ft) and a total area of 26 km (10 sq mi). Gorgona is separated from
570:, intense rainfalls and misty days are frequent; with a calculated rain fall of 6,948.5 mm annually. Gorgona is said to have its own cloud, always looming on its mountaintop. It rains all year around, but even more so in May and June. The least rainy period is in February and March.
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Naranjo, L.G.; Aparicio, A.; Falk, P.E. (2001). EvaluaciĂłn de áreas importantes para aves marinas y playeras en el litoral PacĂfico
Colombiano [Evaluation of important areas for seabirds and shorebirds near the Pacific coast of Colombia] (Report) (in Spanish). Cali, CO: Fondo
452:. Prisoners slept on beds without a mattress or a pillow. The bathrooms were just a hole in the floor. Because of constant rapes and murders that were carried out in the bathrooms, the walls were lowered so that the guards could see each prisoner. Gorgona became known as Colombia's
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The island was established as
Gorgona Natural National Park in 1984, in order to preserve its endemic species, the richly varied wildlife of the tropical forest and the coral reefs offshore. The park covers a total maritime area of 620 square kilometres (240 sq mi).
286:), have the tradition of being the first settlers of the island. They left archeological remains dating back to 1300 AD. They were expert sailors and lived by farming and fishing. They also worked with stone tools and were goldsmiths.
1492:
Urbina, Londoño, Garcia. 2008. Dinámica espacio-temporal en la diversidad de serpientes en cuatro hábitats con diferente grado de alteración antropogénica en el Parque
Nacional Natural Isla Gorgona, PacĂfico Colombiano. Caldasia
1159:), which is the only all-blue anole lizard in the world. Unfortunately this species is in danger of extinction due to the forest clearing during the times of the prison and by predation from the introduced western basilisk (
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The island's dense tropical rainforest has been isolated for thousands of years from the mainland, and gives shelter to some unique species like the endemic blue anole (
483:, a few minutes after he had murdered a 9-year-old girl. Sentenced to 16 years in an Ecuadorian prison in 1989, Camargo was killed by a fellow inmate in November 1994.
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2010:
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Kerr, A.C. et al. 1996. The petrogenesis of
Gorgona komatiites, picrites and basalts: new field, petrographic and geochemical constraints. Lithos 37(2-3):245-260.
490:, and the last prisoners were transferred to the mainland. The former jail buildings now have been covered by dense vegetation, but a portion can still be seen.
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There are few species of terrestrial birds on the island, probably due to the large number of reptile predators. The most common include endemic subspecies of
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and rapist, managed to escape on 24 September 1984. For a long time he had studied the ocean currents with the idea of escaping by the sea. On the feast of the
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In less than half a kilometer on the beach called La Camaronera ten creeks reach the sand. There are also two lakes on the island: La Cabrera and TunapurĂ.
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calculated accumulative reproductive success (17.3%) included more than 95% of all pairs breeding in 2002–2003, but this may change from year to year.
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in 1709. The island, rich in fresh water and valuable wood, served as a supply station for ships en route from Panama to Peru and back.
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and their newborn who visit its shores from August to October during their southward migration. Furthermore, one can find
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506:, except staff involved in the administration and preservation of the National Park. The island has been developed as an
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Gorgona was first inhabited by people possibly associated with the Tumaco-Tolita culture. The indigenous Kuna or Cuna of
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breeding population nesting in Gorgona Natural National Park is small, but is the most important breeding territory for
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bought part of the island from one of D’Croz's descendants and built a hacienda that was destroyed in 1899 during the
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Renne, Paul R.; Arenillas, Ignacio; Arz, José A.; Vajda, Vivi; Gilabert, Vicente; Bermúdez, Hermann D. (2018-06-01).
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Yundigua, lived in the island. He probably was a member of the indigenous group Sindagua, a tribe that lived between
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1440:"Multi-proxy record of the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary from Gorgonilla Island, Colombia"
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on Earth are found on Gorgona. These silica-poor volcanic rocks are otherwise known almost exclusively from the
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The island of Gorgona has total area of 26 km. It is located 35 km from the continent in front of the
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to rescue them. With Ruiz's ship as the only one at Pizarro's disposal, they all left Gorgona to conquer Peru.
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534:, at a height of 338 m (1,109 ft). As well, the backbone of the island consists of the peaks
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who had living venomous snakes in place of hair. Bartolome Ruiz, a Spanish boat pilot, was sent from
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Gorgona is famous for its snakes. There are three known venomous snakes including the much-feared
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1509:) in Gorgona National Natural Park, Eastern Tropical Pacific. OnitologĂa Neotropical 19: 517–529
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when 1,100 members of the liberal forces stayed on the island for a little less than two weeks.
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1406:(in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from
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The island has an average temperature of 26 degrees Celsius. With an average 90%
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Climate data for Gorgona Island, elevation 10 m (33 ft), (1981–2010)
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gave Gorgona to Federico D'Croz, as thanks for his military service during the
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Spanish conquistadors first visited Gorgona in 1524 when it was discovered by
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the continent by a 270 m (890 ft) deep underwater depression.
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1278:. As well, there are over a dozen species of bat found on the island.
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with a horizon containing numerous glassy spherules generated by the
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The penal colony was closed on 25 June 1984 during the presidency of
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During the 1820s, after the independence of Colombia from Spain,
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The most common water birds found on or near the island are the
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546:. Gorgonilla has a maximum height of 90 m (300 ft).
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University of Valle; Biological Monitoring for Contamination
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The terrain of Gorgona is mountainous with the highest peak,
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Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales
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A dense very humid jungle covers the center of the island.
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The island is well known for the yearly passage of the
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believed this is where Francisco Pizarro first landed.
293:. He named it San Felipe. Three years later, in 1527,
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Ospina-Alvarez, A. 2008. Coloniality of Brown Booby (
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Architectural, artistic and archaeological treasures
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1132:. A marine sedimentary succession spanning the
361:. By 1870 the island was inhabited by a small
316:In the period after the Spanish Conquest, the
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3731:Nuestro patrimonio – 100 tesoros de Colombia
1140:is found on the southern tip of Gorgonilla.
241:Administratively, the island is part of the
1262:Terrestrial mammals include the introduced
415:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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270:El Viudo - rock formation south of Gorgona
29:
435:Learn how and when to remove this message
4101:, sorted by country, from north to south
3735:Our heritage – 100 treasures of Colombia
1198:. Several non-venomous snakes including
200:620 km (240 sq mi) marine
4333:Tourist attractions in Cauca Department
1372:
2161:Complejo Cultural de la Antigua Aduana
110:
77:
3729:Wills, Fernando; et al. (2001).
3320:Lagunas de la Magdalena y de Santiago
3079:Lagunas de la Magdalena y de Santiago
1722:SerranĂa de Los Churumbelos Auka-Wasi
1337:in the waters around Gorgona Island.
7:
2786:National natural parks and treasures
1627:Doña Juana-Cascabel Volcanic Complex
1404:"Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010"
527:almost vertically out of the ocean.
413:adding citations to reliable sources
202:26 km (10 sq mi) land
134:
4338:Underwater diving sites in Colombia
3790:Recreational dive sites in Colombia
2222:Palacio de la GobernaciĂłn de Caldas
1842:Plantas Medicinales Orito Ingi-Ande
1384:The History of the Conquest of Peru
1128:, but formed at Gorgona during the
1614:Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo
365:community which lived by fishing.
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2588:Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino
1287:Thamnophilus atrinucha gorgonae
205:
144:
1805:El Corchal "El mono Hernández"
1233:), Boddaert's tropical racer (
297:, in his second expedition to
1:
4328:Geography of Cauca Department
3353:Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta
2313:Santa Clara Church and Museum
1800:Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta
1134:Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
33:Gorgona National Natural Park
3358:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
3249:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
3112:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
1945:Morichales de Paz de Ariporo
1732:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
1685:Old Providence McBean Lagoon
1386:, Digireads.com Publishing,
331:In 1679, the English pirate
93:Show map of Cauca Department
4323:Defunct prisons in Colombia
4313:Pacific islands of Colombia
2555:Salt Cathedral of Zipaquirá
1793:Flora and Fauna Sanctuaries
1573:Protected areas of Colombia
1259:) also inhabit the island.
910:Average precipitation days
766:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
626:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
4364:
4343:Chocó–Darién moist forests
4318:National parks of Colombia
2283:Casa de Moneda de Colombia
1618:Cordillera de los Picachos
1221:), banded cat-eyed snake (
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576:
90:Location of Gorgona Island
27:Pacific island of Colombia
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2780:
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2068:
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1856:National Natural Reserves
1779:
1727:SerranĂa de los YariguĂes
1361:Sula leucogaster etesiaca
1295:Coereba flaveola gorgonae
1215:), blunthead tree snake (
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502:Gorgona has no permanent
479:until he was captured in
123:Gorgona Island (Colombia)
63:
51:
37:
3556:San Andrés y Providencia
3424:Laguna Verde del Azufral
2184:Estación de Chiquinquirá
1907:Regional Nature Reserves
1712:SerranĂa de Chiribiquete
1252:), and centipede snake (
450:Nazi concentration camps
18:Gorgona Island, Colombia
3239:Los Flamencos Sanctuary
3051:Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
2947:Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
2891:Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
1814:Guanentá Alto RĂo Fonce
1737:Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
1717:SerranĂa de la Macarena
1350:magnificent frigatebird
1303:Cyanerpes cyaneus gigas
1299:red-legged honeycreeper
1283:black-crowned antshrike
4270:Juan Fernández Islands
3315:Estrecho del Magdalena
3287:InĂrida River Raudales
2034:Colombia magia salvaje
1786:
1622:Cueva de los Guácharos
1610:Corales de Profundidad
1580:National Natural Parks
1245:), Cope's vine snake (
1236:Mastigodryas boddaerti
1175:
462:Daniel Camargo Barbosa
359:Battle of Vargas Swamp
271:
4265:Desventuradas Islands
4134:Revillagigedo Islands
3676:Apaporis River Tunnel
3003:Angostura del Caquetá
2820:Angostura del Caquetá
2288:EstaciĂłn de la Sabana
2019:Treasures of Colombia
1955:SerranĂa de San Lucas
1940:Bosque Seco del PatĂa
1785:
1586:Alto Fragua Indi-Wasi
1264:white-headed capuchin
1239:), brown vine snake (
1171:
269:
3815:San Bernardo Islands
3737:] (in Spanish).
3681:Raudal de Jirijirimo
2840:Raudal de Jirijirimo
2545:Monserrate Sanctuary
2415:San Francisco Church
2308:San Francisco Palace
2303:San Francisco Church
2194:Vargas Swamp Lancers
2063:Heritage of humanity
2049:World Heritage sites
2029:Archaeological sites
1268:brown-throated sloth
1162:Basiliscus galeritus
409:improve this section
181:2.96750°N 78.18028°W
126:Show map of Colombia
4106:continental islands
2764:Haciendas cafeteras
2759:Hacienda El ParaĂso
2731:Haciendas cafeteras
2708:Haciendas cafeteras
2680:Haciendas cafeteras
2657:Haciendas cafeteras
2634:Haciendas cafeteras
2583:Haciendas cafeteras
2540:Haciendas cafeteras
2517:Manizales Cathedral
2512:Haciendas cafeteras
2466:Haciendas cafeteras
2318:SantamarĂa Bullring
2138:Puente de Occidente
1875:Unique Natural Area
1765:Uramba BahĂa Málaga
1456:2018Geo....46..547R
1323:whitetip reef shark
1230:Leptophis ahaetulla
1224:Leptodeira annulata
1195:Micrurus mipartitus
1184:and two species of
1120:The youngest known
696:Daily mean °C (°F)
521:Department of Cauca
251:Department of Cauca
215:Governing body
177: /
3741:. pp. 1–311.
3686:Raudal de YuruparĂ
3648:Farallones de Cali
3564:Providencia Island
3449:Norte de Santander
3419:Laguna de la Cocha
3282:Ciudades de Piedra
3244:Salinas de Manaure
3206:Cerros de Mavecure
2626:Norte de Santander
2039:National monuments
1950:SerranĂa de Pinche
1787:
1708:Selva de Florencia
1637:Farallones de Cali
1176:
488:Belisario Betancur
371:Thousand Days' War
335:, after attacking
272:
186:2.96750; -78.18028
4295:
4294:
4280:Alejandro Selkirk
4247:Galápagos Islands
4188:Clipperton Island
4109:
4047:
4046:
3957:Caribbean insular
3757:
3756:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3587:Chicamocha Canyon
3480:Cascada del Indio
3140:Ensenada de UtrĂa
3008:Araracuara Canyon
2825:Araracuara Canyon
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2550:Quinta de BolĂvar
2461:Botero Collection
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2392:San Juan de GirĂłn
2114:National heritage
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
1986:
1985:
1822:Isla de La Corota
1410:on 15 August 2016
1342:blue-footed booby
1272:Gorgona spiny rat
1227:), parrot snake (
1218:Imantodes cenchoa
1190:Micrurus dumerili
1103:
1102:
956:relative humidity
532:Cerro La Trinidad
445:
444:
437:
333:Bartholomew Sharp
295:Francisco Pizarro
262:Early settlements
224:
223:
146:Nearest city
58:Map of the island
16:(Redirected from
4355:
4308:IUCN Category II
4168:
4156:
4124:Guadalupe Island
4103:
4093:located between
4074:
4067:
4060:
4051:
3945:
3936:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3891:
3882:
3873:
3864:
3857:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3761:
3752:
3699:
3666:
3638:
3620:Nevado del Huila
3605:
3577:
3554:
3531:
3503:
3470:
3447:
3399:
3371:
3343:
3325:Nevado del Huila
3300:
3262:
3219:
3191:
3158:
3125:
3102:
3084:Nevado del Huila
3064:
3041:
2993:
2970:
2927:
2904:
2881:
2868:Piedra del Peñol
2853:
2800:
2793:
2782:
2754:La Ermita Church
2744:
2721:
2693:
2670:
2647:
2624:
2611:Las Lajas Shrine
2601:
2568:
2530:
2502:
2479:
2451:
2444:
2433:
2405:
2382:
2359:
2336:
2268:
2240:
2212:
2174:
2151:
2128:
2121:
2110:
2077:
2070:
2059:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1914:Cerulean Warbler
1898:Salamanca Island
1774:Yaigojé Apaporis
1680:Nevado del Huila
1566:
1559:
1552:
1543:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1507:Sula leucogaster
1503:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1464:10.1130/G40224.1
1435:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1377:
1319:hammerhead shark
1202:, Ecuador sipo (
1138:Chicxulub impact
574:
440:
433:
429:
426:
420:
389:
381:
291:Diego de Almagro
282:) and San Blas (
192:
191:
189:
188:
187:
182:
178:
175:
174:
173:
170:
127:
113:
112:
106:
94:
80:
79:
73:
56:
30:
21:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4275:Robinson Crusoe
4251:
4233:
4210:
4192:
4174:
4162:
4150:
4110:
4102:
4091:Oceanic islands
4084:
4082:Pacific islands
4078:
4048:
4043:
4039:Protected areas
4034:Natural regions
4020:
4002:
3974:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3938:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3920:
3919:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3901:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3875:
3874:
3866:
3865:
3846:
3810:Rosario Islands
3797:Caribbean coast
3791:
3788:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3728:
3713:
3690:
3657:
3640:Valle del Cauca
3629:
3596:
3568:
3545:
3522:
3494:
3461:
3438:
3414:Galeras Volcano
3390:
3362:
3334:
3291:
3253:
3234:Cabo de la Vela
3210:
3182:
3178:Rocas de Suesca
3149:
3116:
3093:
3055:
3032:
2984:
2961:
2942:Páramo de Ocetá
2918:
2914:Rosario Islands
2895:
2872:
2844:
2787:
2768:
2746:Valle del Cauca
2735:
2712:
2684:
2661:
2638:
2615:
2592:
2559:
2521:
2493:
2470:
2438:
2419:
2407:Valle del Cauca
2396:
2373:
2369:Parque del Café
2350:
2327:
2259:
2231:
2203:
2165:
2142:
2115:
2096:
2064:
2053:
2020:
2017:
1987:
1982:
1978:Natural regions
1973:Natural hazards
1959:
1928:
1924:Laguna de Sonso
1919:Colibri del Sol
1902:
1886:
1870:
1851:
1788:
1777:
1575:
1570:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1311:
1242:Oxybelis aeneus
1200:boa constrictor
1173:Anolis gorgonae
1156:Anolis gorgonae
1151:
1146:
1118:
1109:
1104:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
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795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
760:
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745:
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735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
564:
556:
517:
496:
473:Virgin of Mercy
454:Alcatraz Island
441:
430:
424:
421:
406:
390:
379:
348:William Dampier
264:
259:
229:is a Colombian
201:
185:
183:
179:
176:
171:
168:
166:
164:
163:
131:
130:
129:
128:
125:
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118:
114:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
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81:
59:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4361:
4359:
4351:
4350:
4348:Prison islands
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4300:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4229:Gorgona Island
4226:
4224:Malpelo Island
4220:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4158:
4146:
4141:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4054:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3939:
3931:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3904:
3903:
3895:
3894:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3876:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3653:Malpelo Island
3650:
3644:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3490:Putumayo River
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3457:Los Estoraques
3453:
3451:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3429:Putumayo River
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3409:Cumbal Volcano
3405:
3403:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3381:Caño Cristales
3377:
3375:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3330:Tatacoa Desert
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3173:Lake Guatavita
3170:
3164:
3162:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3089:Puracé Volcano
3086:
3081:
3076:
3074:Gorgona Island
3070:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2952:SiscuinsĂ Lake
2949:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2835:Putumayo River
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Ciudad Perdida
2574:
2572:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2298:Museo Nacional
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2199:Villa de Leyva
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2044:National parks
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1933:Proposed Areas
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1882:Los Estoraques
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1847:Playona AcandĂ
1844:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1794:
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1789:
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1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1602:Catatumbo BarĂ
1600:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1528:External links
1526:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1495:
1493:30(2):479-493.
1485:
1450:(6): 547–550.
1430:
1421:
1395:
1380:Prescott, W.H.
1371:
1369:
1366:
1315:humpback whale
1310:
1307:
1257:longifrontalis
1209:), mussurana (
1181:Bothrops asper
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:sunshine hours
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1004:sunshine hours
999:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
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974:
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965:
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583:
579:
578:
572:
563:
560:
555:
552:
516:
513:
495:
492:
443:
442:
393:
391:
384:
378:
375:
263:
260:
258:
255:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
161:
157:
156:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
122:
117:Gorgona Island
116:
115:
108:
107:
101:
100:
99:
98:
89:
84:Gorgona Island
83:
82:
75:
74:
68:
67:
66:
65:
64:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4360:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4169:
4166:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:San Benedicto
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4070:
4068:
4063:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3935:
3926:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3856:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3750:
3748:958-8089-16-6
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3724:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3592:El Gallineral
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Cocora Valley
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Cerro Pintado
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Atabapo River
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2779:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2430:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Museo del Oro
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Plaza BolĂvar
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2107:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:OtĂşn Quimbaya
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Los Flamencos
1827:
1825:Los Colorados
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:Las OrquĂdeas
1653:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:BahĂa Portete
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:9781420941142
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:brown pelican
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:Clelia clelia
1208:
1207:grandisquamis
1206:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:Mean monthly
1000:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
952:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
908:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
839:
838:precipitation
834:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
764:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
694:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
624:
580:
575:
571:
569:
561:
559:
553:
551:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
524:
522:
514:
512:
509:
505:
500:
494:National park
493:
491:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:serial killer
467:
463:
457:
455:
451:
439:
436:
428:
418:
414:
410:
404:
403:
399:
394:This section
392:
388:
383:
382:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:SimĂłn BolĂvar
351:
349:
345:
344:Woodes Rogers
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
268:
261:
256:
254:
252:
248:
244:
239:
236:
235:Pacific Ocean
232:
228:
220:
217:
213:
209:
199:
195:
190:
162:
158:
155:
151:
148:
141:
140:Pacific Ocean
138:
105:
72:
62:
55:
50:
45:
44:national park
41:
40:IUCN category
36:
31:
19:
4228:
4206:Cocos Island
4164:
4152:
4144:Roca Partida
4129:Rocas Alijos
4029:Biodiversity
3987:
3734:
3730:
3277:Chiribiquete
3229:Alta Guajira
3160:Cundinamarca
3073:
3028:MiritĂ River
3018:Chiribiquete
2937:Lake Iguaque
2815:Amazon River
2532:Cundinamarca
2323:Teatro ColĂłn
2270:Cundinamarca
2255:Tierradentro
1968:Biodiversity
1650:Las Hermosas
1642:Isla Gorgona
1534:(in Spanish)
1514:
1506:
1488:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:the original
1398:
1383:
1375:
1360:
1354:
1339:
1312:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1261:
1253:
1250:brevirostris
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1203:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1119:
1110:
840:mm (inches)
565:
557:
548:
543:
540:La Esperanza
539:
535:
531:
529:
525:
518:
501:
497:
485:
466:psychopathic
458:
446:
431:
425:October 2018
422:
407:Please help
395:
377:Penal colony
352:
330:
315:
288:
273:
243:Municipality
240:
226:
225:
4285:Santa Clara
4104:(excluding
3965:Providencia
3625:Los Nevados
3615:Cerro Bravo
3541:Los Nevados
3518:Los Nevados
3310:Claro River
3023:Claro River
3013:Caño Paujil
2980:Los Nevados
2830:La Chorrera
2346:San AgustĂn
1665:Los Nevados
1357:brown booby
1331:whale shark
1186:coral snake
1149:Terrestrial
1049:Mean daily
367:Ramon Payan
207:Established
184: /
160:Coordinates
4302:Categories
4198:Costa Rica
4165:Santa Rosa
3970:San Andrés
3709:El Tuparro
3434:Sanquianga
3221:La Guajira
3145:Los KatĂos
3135:Cabo Marzo
2863:Los KatĂos
1891:Road parks
1705:Sanquianga
1660:Los KatĂos
1632:El Tuparro
1368:References
1327:sea turtle
1291:bananaquit
1130:Cretaceous
1122:komatiites
1107:Freshwater
554:Ecosystems
544:El Mirador
508:ecotourism
504:population
341:privateers
172:78°10′49″W
169:02°58′03″N
4153:San Tomás
4095:Polynesia
4016:Lake Tota
3805:Capurganá
3739:El Tiempo
3579:Santander
3533:Risaralda
3345:Magdalena
2957:Lake Tota
2855:Antioquia
2810:Amacayacu
2703:Barichara
2695:Santander
2672:Risaralda
2570:Magdalena
2453:Antioquia
2384:Santander
2153:Atlántico
2130:Antioquia
2087:Cartagena
1690:Paramillo
1675:Munchique
1599:CahuinarĂ
1590:Amacayacu
1480:135274460
1472:0091-7613
1335:moray eel
1205:Chironius
905:(267.27)
536:Los Micos
515:Geography
448:model of
396:does not
337:Guayaquil
4216:Colombia
4161:ClariĂłn
4149:Socorro
4099:Americas
4097:and the
4080:Eastern
3832:Sapzurro
3825:Tintipán
3727:Source:
3472:Putumayo
3386:Chingaza
3264:Guaviare
3168:Chingaza
3043:Casanare
2802:Amazonas
2227:Salamina
1866:Puinawai
1702:RĂo PurĂ©
1606:Chingaza
1382:, 2011,
1274:and the
1255:Tantilla
1248:Oxybelis
1144:Wildlife
1096:Source:
1044:1,033.3
954:Average
900:(19.88)
895:(22.40)
890:(28.38)
885:(26.98)
880:(24.13)
875:(28.85)
870:(33.58)
865:(30.69)
860:(16.83)
850:(12.47)
845:(20.95)
836:Average
568:humidity
280:Colombia
136:Location
4239:Ecuador
3993:Malpelo
3988:Gorgona
3980:Pacific
3842:Tayrona
3837:Taganga
3701:Vichada
3505:QuindĂo
3485:La Paya
3193:GuainĂa
2995:Caquetá
2906:BolĂvar
2649:QuindĂo
2489:Ráquira
2361:QuindĂo
2250:Popayán
2079:BolĂvar
1834:Malpelo
1818:Iguaque
1810:Galeras
1761:Tinigua
1757:Tayrona
1742:Sumapaz
1670:Macuira
1646:La Paya
1452:Bibcode
1444:Geology
1414:27 June
1309:Aquatic
1126:Archean
1116:Geology
903:6,788.7
855:(9.12)
831:(74.1)
826:(74.3)
821:(74.5)
816:(74.3)
811:(74.1)
806:(73.9)
801:(74.1)
796:(73.9)
791:(74.7)
786:(74.3)
781:(73.8)
776:(74.1)
771:(74.3)
761:(79.0)
756:(78.4)
751:(78.4)
746:(78.4)
741:(78.6)
736:(79.0)
731:(79.0)
726:(79.0)
721:(79.7)
716:(79.9)
711:(79.3)
706:(79.3)
691:(84.4)
686:(83.3)
681:(83.3)
676:(83.8)
671:(84.0)
666:(84.4)
661:(84.2)
656:(84.2)
651:(85.1)
646:(85.6)
641:(85.3)
636:(85.1)
631:(84.4)
562:Climate
477:Ecuador
417:removed
402:sources
363:mestizo
318:Cacique
257:History
249:in the
233:in the
227:Gorgona
4180:France
4116:Mexico
4008:Andean
3820:MĂşcura
3745:
3668:Vaupés
3607:Tolima
3401:Nariño
2972:Caldas
2929:Boyacá
2883:Arauca
2723:Tolima
2603:Nariño
2504:Caldas
2481:Boyacá
2214:Caldas
2176:Boyacá
2092:Mompox
1752:Tatamá
1698:Puracé
1478:
1470:
1390:
1297:) and
1276:agouti
1017:114.0
1014:130.2
1011:107.3
582:Month
322:Nariño
311:Panama
307:Medusa
303:Gorgon
284:Panama
231:island
4257:Chile
3998:NuquĂ
3733:[
3302:Huila
3127:ChocĂł
3104:Cesar
3066:Cauca
2338:Huila
2242:Cauca
2189:Tunja
1862:Nukak
1770:UtrĂa
1694:Pisba
1476:S2CID
1041:74.4
1038:69.0
1035:74.4
1032:60.0
1029:80.6
1026:83.7
1023:63.0
1020:86.8
1008:89.9
898:504.9
893:569.0
888:720.9
883:685.4
878:613.0
873:732.9
868:852.9
863:779.5
858:427.4
853:231.7
848:316.7
843:532.2
701:(79)
621:Year
481:Quito
326:Cauca
276:Urabá
247:GuapĂ
219:SINAP
154:Cauca
150:GuapĂ
3743:ISBN
3373:Meta
1747:Tamá
1520:FEN.
1468:ISSN
1416:2024
1388:ISBN
1355:The
1348:and
1333:and
1192:and
1091:2.8
1088:2.4
1085:2.3
1082:2.4
1079:2.0
1076:2.6
1073:2.7
1070:2.1
1067:2.8
1064:3.8
1061:4.2
1058:3.8
1055:2.9
958:(%)
949:272
829:23.4
824:23.5
819:23.6
814:23.5
809:23.4
804:23.3
799:23.4
794:23.3
789:23.7
784:23.5
779:23.2
774:23.4
769:23.5
759:26.1
754:25.8
749:25.8
744:25.8
739:25.9
734:26.1
729:26.1
724:26.1
719:26.5
714:26.6
709:26.3
704:26.3
689:29.1
684:28.5
679:28.5
674:28.8
669:28.9
664:29.1
659:29.0
654:29.0
649:29.5
644:29.8
639:29.6
634:29.5
629:29.1
618:Dec
615:Nov
612:Oct
609:Sep
606:Aug
603:Jul
600:Jun
597:May
594:Apr
591:Mar
588:Feb
585:Jan
542:and
464:, a
400:any
398:cite
346:and
324:and
299:Peru
210:1984
197:Area
42:II (
1460:doi
1305:).
1289:),
1165:).
997:90
994:90
991:90
988:90
985:91
982:89
979:89
976:91
973:90
970:89
967:89
964:89
961:90
946:23
943:23
940:25
937:26
934:24
931:26
928:27
925:26
922:22
919:17
916:18
913:24
411:by
245:of
4304::
1498:^
1474:.
1466:.
1458:.
1448:46
1446:.
1442:.
1352:.
1344:,
1329:,
1325:,
1321:,
1270:,
1266:,
1188::
699:26
538:,
456:.
328:.
305:,
152:,
4167:)
4163:(
4155:)
4151:(
4108:)
4073:e
4066:t
4059:v
3783:e
3776:t
3769:v
3751:.
2012:e
2005:t
1998:v
1565:e
1558:t
1551:v
1482:.
1462::
1454::
1418:.
1301:(
1293:(
1285:(
438:)
432:(
427:)
423:(
419:.
405:.
278:(
46:)
20:)
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