72:
86:
932:
103:
358:
337:
909:
781:
857:
808:
312:
556:
for almost twenty-one years after the founding of SPLA/M in 1983 – resulting in serious neglect, lack of infrastructural development, and major destruction and displacement. More than 2.5 million people were killed, and more than 5 million were externally displaced while others have been internally
640:
was held from 9–15 January 2011. Preliminary results released by the
Southern Sudan Referendum Commission on 30 January 2011 indicate that 98% of voters selected the "separation" option, with 1% selecting "unity". Southern Sudan became an independent country on 9 July 2011, a date set by the
621:
and the SPLA disputed the results of the 2008 Sudanese census, which claimed
Southern Sudan accounted for 21 percent of the population. The SPLA insisted that Southern Sudan included closer to one-third of the national population and that Southern Sudanese had been undercounted.
585:, feted the treaty, predicting, "This peace agreement will change Sudan forever." The treaty provided for a referendum on South Sudanese independence to be held on 9 January 2011, six years after the original signing. It also divided
645:
stated the
Sudanese Government's "acceptance" of the referendum results. On 23 January 2011, members of a steering committee on post-independence governing told reporters that upon independence the land would be named the
717:
1130:
on joining the south or remaining part of the north at the same time as the southern independence referendum but this was postponed. As part of the
Comprehensive Peace Agreement, an
1970:
709:
689:
688:
The
Comprehensive Peace Agreement led to the promulgation of an Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan which established the autonomous Government of Southern Sudan headed by a
1965:
1215:
1562:
1149:
1006:
1360:
637:
631:
85:
71:
1513:
1579:
1431:
508:
of the 1880s destabilised the nascent province, and
Equatoria ceased to exist as an Egyptian outpost in 1889. Important settlements in Equatoria included
582:
445:
1975:
602:-majority North, while in Southern Sudan, its authority was devolved to the elected assembly. Southern Sudan ultimately rejected implementation of
1714:
1036:
994:
2010:
1826:
1719:
1584:
868:
792:
746:
1264:
721:
389:
236:
1980:
1709:
1770:
1626:
1126:
is a region located on the border between southern Sudan and northern Sudan that is claimed by both sides. The region was to hold a
185:
693:
1760:
1682:
1506:
705:
425:
1799:
1219:
1909:
1589:
2005:
1811:
1724:
1636:
1631:
1621:
1574:
1127:
990:
441:
1990:
1985:
1549:
2000:
1884:
1851:
1841:
1816:
1775:
1687:
1672:
1499:
725:
1435:
1290:
1704:
1692:
683:
1995:
1899:
1894:
1677:
1554:
1131:
553:
453:
449:
1836:
1821:
1780:
1699:
1667:
1609:
1594:
1544:
549:
429:
91:
1399:
1021:. Abyei held a referendum on joining Southern Sudan or staying under Sudanese control, while Nuba Mountains (
1846:
1650:
1599:
1143:
1043:
931:
401:
330:
267:
544:
The region was affected by two civil wars since
Sudanese independence – the Sudanese government fought the
1933:
1861:
1785:
1750:
1738:
1531:
1048:
642:
473:
440:
directly under the control of the central government. The region's autonomous status was a condition of a
77:
1312:
1879:
1831:
1662:
949:
774:
663:
497:
317:
17:
1942:
1914:
1904:
1765:
1889:
1755:
1193:
850:
801:
701:
618:
216:
1241:
1874:
1416:
1106:
1089:
1002:
993:(CPA) granted the Government of Southern Sudan authority over the three historical provinces of (
478:
1411:
1869:
1354:
1113:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1018:
981:
178:
51:
1268:
485:
724:. The Constitution also provided for an independent judiciary, the highest organ being the
1029:
655:
533:
393:
375:
1058:
1022:
1010:
977:
607:
525:
437:
385:
908:
102:
1959:
1101:
1053:
700:, the founder of the SPLA/M was the first President until his death on 30 July 2005.
509:
1486:
1458:
1336:"Results for the Referendum of Southern Sudan | Southern Sudan Referendum 2011"
780:
488:, first attempted to colonise the region in the 1870s, establishing the province of
1374:
856:
807:
493:
610:
announced that if
Southern Sudan voted for independence, Sudan would fully adopt
1522:
1171:
958:
902:
713:
697:
659:
650:"out of familiarity and convenience." Other names that had been considered were
578:
505:
409:
363:
231:
204:
667:
501:
577:, ending the Second Sudanese Civil War and reestablishing Southern autonomy.
1065:
998:
586:
513:
489:
461:
641:
Comprehensive Peace
Agreement. On 31 January 2011, Sudanese Vice-President
1025:
as a whole) and Blue Nile were required to hold "popular consultations".
413:
1291:"Omar al-Bashir: northern Sudan will adopt sharia law if country splits"
1539:
1491:
1096:
1028:
The autonomous government had authority over the following regions and
671:
570:
558:
545:
521:
482:
940:
692:. The President was Head of Government and Commander-in-Chief of the
651:
594:
529:
517:
457:
421:
405:
404:
in July 2011. The autonomous government was initially established in
720:. Legislative power is vested in the government and the unicameral
1123:
1014:
967:
930:
599:
574:
417:
397:
55:
1335:
433:
115:
1495:
1412:"Southern Sudan Nears a Decision on One Matter: Its New Name"
107:
Map showing
Southern Sudan (red) within Sudan (darker brown).
1152:, the autonomous region that existed between 1972 and 1983.
400:
between its formation in July 2005 and independence as the
448:(SPLA/M) and the Government of Sudan represented by the
561:
as a result of the civil war and war-related impacts.
492:
in the southern portion. Egypt's first governor was
1860:
1798:
1737:
1649:
1608:
1530:
351:
264:
254:
242:
230:
210:
198:
184:
172:
165:
151:
139:
129:
121:
111:
34:
1334:Southern Sudan Referendum 2011 (30 January 2011).
1242:"Quotes from Sudan peace treaty signing ceremony"
432:to the west. To the north lies the predominantly
569:On 9 January 2005, a peace treaty was signed in
1112:The ten states were further subdivided into 86
632:Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011
589:income evenly between the North and the South.
1146:, the independent state formed on 9 July 2011.
528:hopes to join the southern part of Sudan with
1971:States and territories disestablished in 2011
1507:
638:referendum on independence for Southern Sudan
8:
1432:"The Interim Constitution Of Southern Sudan"
1150:Southern Sudan autonomous region (1972–1983)
1359:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1009:between 1972 and 1983. It did not include
1005:) which previously enjoyed autonomy as the
950:Eastern Front, area of operations July 2006
1966:States and territories established in 2005
1804:
1743:
1655:
1614:
1514:
1500:
1492:
101:
31:
984:(to hold "popular consultations" in 2011)
712:of the Southern Sudan on 11 August 2005.
135:644,329 km (248,777 sq mi)
1196:. Thomson Reuters Foundatio. 27 May 2008
824:
751:
536:, to unify northern and southern Sudan.
18:Government of Southern Sudan (2005–2011)
1162:
583:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement
446:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement
388:: Lɔ̈k Bïkrotmac Paguot Thudän) was an
229:
164:
138:
128:
120:
110:
1352:
606:law. In late 2010, Sudanese President
1218:. CNN. 9 January 2005. Archived from
284:
280:
263:
253:
249:
209:
197:
193:
183:
171:
150:
146:
29:Pre-independence region of ten states
7:
1216:"Historic Sudan peace accord signed"
704:, his deputy, was sworn in as First
548:rebel army from 1955 to 1972 in the
496:, commissioned in 1869, followed by
1134:was established on 31 August 2008.
722:Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly
379:
826:Vice Presidents of Southern Sudan
747:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
626:Referendum for independence (2011)
25:
1559:Southern Sudan Autonomous Region
1487:Southern Sudan at World Statesmen
1375:"Sudan deal to end Abyei clashes"
1172:"South Sudan gets new government"
1170:Fisher, Jonah (23 October 2005).
1976:Political history of South Sudan
1293:. The Guardian. 19 December 2010
1007:Southern Sudan Autonomous Region
907:
855:
806:
779:
426:Democratic Republic of the Congo
356:
335:
310:
84:
70:
1244:. Sudan Tribune. 9 January 2005
392:consisting of the ten southern
1410:Kron, Josh (23 January 2011).
1313:"Discontent over Sudan census"
1194:"Southern Sudan fragile peace"
732:Presidents and Vice-Presidents
694:Sudan People's Liberation Army
1:
1575:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
991:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
753:Presidents of Southern Sudan
2011:2005 establishments in Sudan
1580:2011 independence referendum
1550:Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)
1263:Cohen, Reut (15 July 2009).
970:(to hold referendum in 2011)
658:Republic and even Juwama, a
565:Peace agreement and autonomy
1852:Water supply and sanitation
2027:
1174:. BBC News, United Kingdom
684:Politics of Southern Sudan
681:
629:
471:
1981:Government of South Sudan
1927:
1807:
1746:
1658:
1617:
1555:Second Sudanese Civil War
1132:Abyei Area Administration
894:
892:
879:
842:
836:
830:
763:
757:
739:(for political parties):
554:Second Sudanese Civil War
454:Second Sudanese Civil War
289:
285:
281:
277:
250:
226:
222:
194:
161:
147:
100:
66:
61:
50:
1663:Administrative divisions
1595:South Sudanese Civil War
1545:First Sudanese Civil War
550:First Sudanese Civil War
430:Central African Republic
1144:Republic of South Sudan
1044:Northern Bahr el Ghazal
678:Government and politics
648:Republic of South Sudan
552:and then SPLA/M in the
450:National Congress Party
402:Republic of South Sudan
383:Ḥukūmat Janūb as-Sūdān;
331:Republic of South Sudan
212:• 2005–2011
1585:United Nations Mission
1434:. 2005. Archived from
1049:Western Bahr el Ghazal
986:
875:John Garang de Mabior
674:, three major cities.
643:Ali Osman Mohamed Taha
614:as the basis for law.
474:History of South Sudan
428:to the south; and the
44:Ḥukūmat Janūb as-Sūdān
1340:Southernsudan2011.com
1315:. News24. 21 May 2009
1265:"Sharia Law in Sudan"
934:
775:John Garang de Mabior
598:law continued in the
581:, then leader of the
498:Charles George Gordon
412:. It was bordered by
318:Republic of the Sudan
2006:2000s in South Sudan
895:Salva Kiir Mayardit
557:displaced, becoming
481:, under the rule of
237:Legislative Assembly
1991:Separatism in Sudan
1986:Government of Sudan
927:States and counties
851:Salva Kiir Mayardit
827:
802:Salva Kiir Mayardit
754:
702:Salva Kiir Mayärdït
619:Salva Kiir Mayardit
532:were dashed by the
460:'s longest running
456:. The conflict was
408:and later moved to
256:• Established
217:Salva Kiir Mayardit
2001:Autonomous regions
1771:Telecommunications
1463:Worldstatesmen.org
1417:The New York Times
1222:on 12 October 2010
1090:Greater Upper Nile
987:
825:
752:
380:حكومة جنوب السودان
39:حكومة جنوب السودان
1951:
1950:
1923:
1922:
1794:
1793:
1733:
1732:
1683:Foreign relations
1645:
1644:
1381:. 14 January 2011
1083:Eastern Equatoria
1078:Central Equatoria
1073:Western Equatoria
924:
923:
823:
822:
654:, Nile Republic,
390:autonomous region
369:
368:
347:
346:
343:
342:
323:
322:
179:Autonomous region
174: • Type
52:Autonomous region
16:(Redirected from
2018:
1996:Regions of Sudan
1936:
1805:
1744:
1656:
1615:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1493:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1271:on 26 March 2012
1267:. Archived from
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1167:
975:
965:
956:
947:
938:
911:
859:
840:Political party
828:
810:
783:
767:Political party
755:
749:
744:
716:replaced him as
381:
362:
360:
359:
339:
338:
327:
326:
314:
313:
307:
306:
291:
290:
175:
105:
88:
74:
41:
32:
21:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2015:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1932:
1919:
1910:Public holidays
1856:
1790:
1729:
1705:Law enforcement
1641:
1604:
1590:Ethnic violence
1526:
1520:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1438:on 20 July 2011
1430:
1429:
1425:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1351:
1344:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1140:
1121:
1030:States of Sudan
985:
973:
971:
963:
961:
954:
952:
945:
943:
936:
929:
914:11 August 2005
888:11 August 2005
837:Term of office
764:Term of office
742:
741:
740:
734:
686:
680:
634:
628:
567:
542:
534:Juba Conference
500:in 1874 and by
476:
470:
442:peace agreement
357:
355:
336:
311:
270:
257:
213:
201:
173:
154:
132:
106:
96:
95:
94:
89:
81:
80:
75:
46:
42:
40:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:Child marriage
1808:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1725:Vice President
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1637:Climate change
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1528:
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1525: articles
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1481:External links
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1023:South Kurdufan
1011:Nuba Mountains
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706:Vice President
682:Main article:
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630:Main article:
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608:Omar al-Bashir
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1600:Famine (2017)
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
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1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
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1437:
1433:
1427:
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1688:Human rights
1673:Constitution
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1459:"The Sudan"
959:South Sudan
903:Riek Machar
714:Riek Machar
698:John Garang
660:portmanteau
579:John Garang
524:. In 1947,
506:Mahdist War
452:ending the
364:South Sudan
295:Preceded by
273:9 July 2011
260:9 July 2005
232:Legislature
205:John Garang
131:• 2008
1960:Categories
1895:Literature
1710:Parliament
1678:Corruption
1627:Ecoregions
1385:26 January
1200:7 December
1178:7 December
1157:References
1128:referendum
1119:Abyei Area
1107:Upper Nile
1003:Upper Nile
843:President
737:Colour key
617:President
502:Emin Pasha
472:See also:
424:, and the
166:Government
140:Population
1837:Languages
1822:Education
1781:Transport
1761:Companies
1720:President
1700:Judiciary
1668:Elections
1610:Geography
1114:counties.
1066:Equatoria
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999:Equatoria
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186:President
157:8,260,490
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1943:Category
1847:Religion
1766:Currency
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1651:Politics
1468:11 March
1379:BBC News
1355:cite web
1345:11 March
1138:See also
559:refugees
414:Ethiopia
1934:Outline
1862:Culture
1800:Society
1786:Tourism
1751:Banking
1739:Economy
1568:2005–11
1563:1972–83
1540:Anyanya
1532:History
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672:Malakal
592:Use of
571:Nairobi
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266:•
243:History
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1870:Anthem
1832:Health
1632:Rivers
1622:Cities
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