386:
62:
226:
1416:, which is Australia's highest formal governmental body. In practice, the Federal Executive Council meets solely to endorse and give legal force to decisions already made by the cabinet. All members of the cabinet are members of the Executive Council. A senior member of the cabinet holds the office of vice-president of the Executive Council and acts as presiding officer of the Executive Council in the absence of the governor-general.
391:
1039:
163:
1486:, and the prime minister would retain the right to allocate portfolios. This practice was followed until 2007. Between 1907 and 2007, Labor prime ministers exercised a predominant influence over who was elected to Labor ministries, although the leaders of the party factions also exercised considerable influence. However, in 2007 Prime Minister
1529:
in 1931, always appointed according to the advice of federal ministers, rather than
British ministers). Members of the government do not exercise executive power of their own accord but are instead appointed by the governor-general as ministers, formally as the "Queen's Ministers of State". As such,
1312:
Unlike the other two branches of government, however, membership of the executive is not clearly defined. One definition describes the executive as a pyramid, consisting of three layers. At the top stands The King, as the symbolic apex and formal repository of executive power. Below him lies a second
1524:
formulation) to the "dignified" rather than the "efficient" part of government. While the executive power of the
Commonwealth is formally vested in the monarch, the Constitution requires those powers to be exercisable by a governor-general, appointed by the monarch as their representative (but since
1388:
Ministers drawn from the
Australian Parliament form the core of the Australian Government. A subset of these ministers form the Cabinet, the de facto highest executive body of the government. Ministers not part of Cabinet belong to the outer ministry. Additionally, there are also assistant ministers
1339:
in nature. The key distinction is that while legislative power involves setting down rules of general application, executive power involves applying those rules to specific situations. In practice, however, this definition is difficult to apply as many actions by executive agencies are wide-ranging,
1572:
The
Federal Executive Council is the body that formally advises the governor-general in the exercise of executive power. Decisions of the body give legal effect to decisions already deliberated at cabinet. All current and formers ministers are members of the council, although only current ministers
1412:. Cabinet meetings are strictly private and occur once a week where vital issues are discussed and policy formulated. The Cabinet is not a legal entity; it exists solely by convention. Its decisions do not in and of themselves have legal force. However, it serves as the practical expression of the
1288:
argues that the government was also motivated by a desire to blur the differences between the
Commonwealth and the states in an attempt to increase federal power. The Parliament of Australia website also notes that the name "Australian Government" is preferable in order to avoid confusion with the
5472:
1658:
1308:
The government's primary role, in its executive capacity, is to implement the laws passed by the
Parliament. However, laws are frequently drafted according to the interests of the executive branch as the government often also controls the legislative branch.
3008:
1544:
However, in all these cases, except for certain reserve powers, the King and the governor-general must follow the advice of the prime minister or other ministers in the exercise of his powers. Powers subject to the governor-general’s discretion are known as
1549:
While certain reserve powers, such as the ability to choose the prime minister most likely to command the confidence of the lower house, are uncontroversial, others are subject to much greater debate. The most notable example of their use occurring in
1407:
The cabinet consists of the prime minister and senior ministers and makes most of the important policy decisions of the government. Members of the cabinet are selected by the prime minister and may be added or removed at any time, usually through a
2039:
1372:, as powers "peculiarly adapted to the government of a nation and which cannot otherwise be carried on for the benefit of the nation". They have been found to include the power to provide financial stimulus payments to households
3038:
1863:"is thought to indicate that we are still dependent on Britain" and that the use of a variety of terms including "National", "Federal", "Commonwealth" and "Australian" was irrational and confusing. Later Country Party Senator
3443:
3317:
2556:
1351:
As most executive power is granted by statute, the executive power of the government is similarly limited to those areas in which the
Commonwealth is granted the power to legislate under the Constitution (primarily under
3134:
1530:
while government ministers make most major decisions in cabinet, if those decisions require the formal endorsement of the governor-general in council, those decisions do not have legal force until approved by the
1993:
1419:
The cabinet meets not only in
Canberra but also in state capitals, most frequently Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin Rudd was in favour of the Cabinet meeting in other places, such as major regional cities. There are
3000:
2978:
2217:
3389:
4985:
1471:, the leader of the junior Coalition party has had the right to nominate their party's members of the Coalition ministry, and to be consulted by the prime minister on the allocation of their portfolios.
5422:
2591:
1613:
2153:
1293:
by those not familiar with
Australia's system of government. This terminology remains preferred by the government. However, the terms Commonwealth Government and federal government are also common.
5417:
1603:
1558:
dismissed the prime minister and government due to his conclusion that the government had failed to secure supply. The propriety of the use of the powers during that event remain highly contested.
2031:
5437:
1482:, Watson assumed the right to choose members of his cabinet. In 1907, however, the party decided that future Labor cabinets would be elected by the members of the Parliamentary Labor Party, the
5383:
2674:
760:
1348:. Ultimately whether power is executive or legislative is determined on a case-by-case basis, and involves the weighing up of various factors, rather than the application of a strict test.
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3157:
2123:
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1663:
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2096:
5002:
747:
682:
1638:
839:
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1971:
439:
418:
2939:
2183:
4215:
3896:
2462:
1628:
812:
575:
565:
3503:
3126:
1431:
Until 1956 all members of the ministry were members of the cabinet. The growth of the ministry in the 1940s and 1950s made this increasingly impractical, and in 1956
5376:
4883:
3916:
602:
592:
5507:
3861:
1678:
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4888:
3891:
2712:
1653:
584:
2579:
3357:
2145:
5412:
5153:
3205:
1608:
471:
1361:
1353:
1106:
797:
1218:, the key decision-making organ of the government that forms policy and decides the agenda of the government. Members of the government can exercise both
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4409:
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2213:
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1668:
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4189:
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1421:
687:
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who has the support of a majority of members in the House of
Representatives. By convention, the prime minister is a member of the lower house.
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5392:
4930:
4740:
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4462:
3947:
1673:
1648:
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1284:
legislated the use of "Government of Australia" in 1973 in line with its policy of promoting national goals and aspirations. However, academic
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140:
2115:
923:
4666:
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3311:
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1413:
1080:
336:
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5482:
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1692:
431:
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913:
2753:
1340:
binding and conducted independently of Parliament. The executive can also be delegated legislative power through provisions allowing for
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5168:
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1827:
1727:
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1623:
1313:
layer made up of the prime minister, cabinet and other ministers who in practice lead the executive. Finally, the bottom layer includes
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4042:
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4366:
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3866:
2444:
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1643:
807:
318:
4019:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3979:
5442:
5427:
4878:
4779:
4679:
4599:
4533:
3940:
2632:
1775:
1633:
1618:
905:
742:
3525:
2287:
5534:
4606:
4543:
4528:
1732:
1185:
892:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
5462:
4107:
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1963:
5047:
4846:
4836:
4772:
4513:
4487:
4376:
3841:
3715:
2879:
2798:
1748:
As of March 2024, the following Corporate Commonwealth entities are prescribed as Government Business Enterprises (GBEs):
1490:, assumed the power to choose the ministry alone. Later, the caucus regained this power in 2013. According to reporting by the
1373:
985:
970:
700:
482:
450:
928:
5133:
5032:
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4636:
4442:
4402:
4336:
4321:
4293:
4250:
3901:
3836:
2884:
2371:
2175:
1456:
830:
792:
715:
1360:, such as the power to declare war and enter into treaties. Finally, there exists certain "nationhood powers", implied from
943:
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5200:
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4925:
4918:
4789:
4735:
4538:
4518:
4260:
3826:
3816:
3786:
3635:
2587:
2255:
1574:
1515:
1483:
1200:
1005:
980:
773:
677:
344:
270:
110:
3186:
5268:
5062:
4799:
4762:
4641:
4631:
4503:
4356:
4316:
3921:
2495:
1737:
1555:
1242:
1230:, this also requires the actions of the government in its executive capacity to be subject to scrutiny from parliament.
787:
5477:
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4990:
4937:
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4651:
4579:
4351:
4331:
4182:
3495:
1707:
1468:
1464:
1192:
1085:
301:
118:
95:
3387:
Trade Agreement between the Governments of the Commonwealth of Australia and the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
2689:
5103:
5007:
4861:
4816:
4720:
3734:
2829:
1452:
1250:
1234:
1160:
consists of the prime minister and other ministers that currently have the support of a majority of members of the
1015:
869:
557:
513:
175:
30:
This article is about the federal executive government of Australia. For the political structure of Australia, see
1871:
due to the government's wish for a unitary, rather than federal, political structure. However, government Senator
1435:
created a two-tier ministry, with only senior ministers holding cabinet rank, also known within parliament as the
5223:
5180:
5128:
5027:
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4841:
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4715:
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4240:
1817:
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1266:
1143:
975:
235:
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1269:
is the "Government of the Commonwealth". This was the name used in many early federal government publications.
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385:
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1876:
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367:
151:
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5148:
5113:
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5057:
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4856:
4831:
4794:
4725:
4562:
4457:
4225:
4175:
4117:
3831:
2293:
2010:
Colloquially, all members of the parliamentary party that support the current government are described as
1793:
1475:
1460:
1285:
1227:
1196:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1070:
1050:
1025:
1010:
965:
755:
628:
610:
495:
463:
3473:
3435:
2845:
1276:
indicated his preference for the name "Australian Government" in order to prevent confusion with the new
5258:
5190:
5088:
5042:
4826:
4811:
4698:
4584:
4371:
4275:
3694:
1875:
stated that the change occurred due to a "loss of identity of Australia" following the emergence of the
1805:
1511:
1369:
1341:
1297:
1290:
1204:
956:
538:
254:
211:
31:
3423:
3345:
3281:
2690:"The Commonwealth Executive Power: Historical Constitutional Origins and the Future of the Prerogative"
2312:
1846:
The only exceptions to this occurring in 1901 (before the first parliament was elected) and during the
1520:
The King is not involved with the day-to-day operations of the government, belonging (according to the
5502:
5322:
5293:
5215:
5052:
5022:
4958:
4913:
4626:
4621:
4589:
4574:
4430:
4346:
4270:
3162:
3065:
2101:
1402:
1215:
1208:
1150:
737:
354:
129:
3613:
1994:"Which members of the government are considered a part of the Executive government and the Cabinet?"
1906:
5243:
5185:
5017:
4980:
4710:
4265:
4255:
4245:
4235:
4137:
4132:
4127:
3663:
3096:
2580:"Explainer: what is executive government and what does it have to do with the Voice to Parliament?"
2330:
1788:
1173:
874:
3677:
3649:
1879:
and that the new name "is paralleling the feelings of nationalism which are arising in Australia".
1577:
usually presides at council meetings, but in his or her absence another minister nominated as the
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5303:
5278:
5263:
5253:
5248:
5238:
5205:
5108:
5012:
4616:
4611:
4341:
4298:
4220:
4112:
4097:
4082:
4077:
4057:
3001:"Why is it that the Prime Minister and Cabinet are not mentioned in the Australian Constitution?"
2820:
2638:
1864:
1440:
1377:
1345:
1281:
1139:
548:
543:
50:
2912:
3414:
3404:
was historically used occasionally in formal legal contexts to refer to the federal government.
2269:
1581:
presides at the meeting of the council. Since 1 June 2022, the vice-president has been senator
61:
5233:
4975:
4122:
4102:
4087:
4072:
4052:
4047:
4024:
3984:
3974:
3729:
3561:
3307:
3258:
2947:
2857:
2738:
2664:
2628:
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2520:
2394:
2367:
1409:
1357:
1332:
1219:
1075:
1060:
399:
347:
3227:
2825:
1451:
The prime minister's power to select the ministry differs depending on their party. When the
5361:
5350:
4784:
4092:
4037:
4029:
3758:
3306:(7th ed.). Canberra, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. p. 2.
3171:
3074:
2704:
2618:
2501:
2404:
1526:
1177:
1043:
705:
615:
309:
99:
2803:
2785:
1226:(as ministers on behalf of the governor-general and the King). However, in accordance with
225:
4067:
4014:
3989:
3233:
1659:
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts
1324:
1314:
1223:
1055:
595:
528:
516:
3595:
5228:
3223:
2946:(7th ed.). Department of the House of Representatives. Parliamentary Secretaries.
2388:
1752:
1599:
As of 17 August 2024, there are 16 departments of the Australian Government.
1582:
1521:
1432:
1425:
1336:
1318:
1273:
568:
390:
326:
17:
5528:
2615:
Crown and Sword: Executive Power and the Use of Force by the Australian Defence Force
2491:
1872:
1551:
1393:), responsible for a specific policy area, reporting directly to a cabinet minister.
533:
523:
1538:
1479:
474:
5298:
5158:
4157:
4153:
1767:
1499:
1436:
442:
262:
3255:
Government powers under a Federal Constitution: Constitutional Law in Australia
2517:
Government powers under a Federal Constitution: constitutional law in Australia
2231:
1327:
is also difficult to clearly define. In the British context, it was defined by
4149:
2890:
2642:
2534:
1541:
before being enacted, as the monarch is a constituent part of the Parliament.
1495:
1487:
1328:
1147:
849:
453:
421:
278:
114:
1502:
factions proportionally according to their representation in the Parliament.
5473:
Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts
4418:
3238:
990:
410:
3932:
3257:(2nd ed.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co (Thomas Reuters). pp. 283–6.
2364:
The Power of Speech, Australian Prime Ministers defining the national image
3771:
4167:
1238:
244:
179:
2623:
2768:
1938:
2708:
4387:
1783:
190:
3436:"Who has more power, the Governor-General or the Prime Minister?"
2858:"Appointments revoked, appointments made by the Governor-General"
1723:
The following corporations are prescribed by Acts of Parliament:
1439:. This practice has been continued by all governments except the
3206:"What are Labor's factions and who's who in the Left and Right?"
2332:
Parliamentary Debates: House of Representatives Official Hansard
5365:
4391:
4171:
3936:
3775:
3762:
1614:
Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
1207:'s representative). The governor-general normally appoints the
1168:) and in some contexts also includes the departments and other
2864:. Australian Government. 31 May 2023. Gazette ID: C2023G00600.
900:
3402:
His/Her Majesty's Government in the Commonwealth of Australia
2319:. Vol. 1965, no. 42. 20 October 1965. p. 1976.
1763:
The following Commonwealth companies are prescribed as GBEs:
1356:). They also retain certain powers traditionally part of the
1537:
Similarly, laws passed by both houses of parliament require
224:
2549:"Separation of powers: Parliament, Executive and Judiciary"
2463:"1. Introduction to Australia and its system of government"
1684:
Additionally, there are four departments which support the
3745:
2420:"'What's the difference?': explaining parliamentary terms"
1859:
Whitlam had previously argued in Parliament that the term
3533:
Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet of Australia
2500:. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. p. 699 – via
2497:
The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth
1233:
The government is headquartered in the executive wing of
4160:(1967–1968), see their respective biographical articles.
2788: at para 19 of Mason J's opinion, (1975) 134 CLR 338
1833:
Timeline of the expansion of federal powers in Australia
1298:
all public agencies that exercise the power of the State
4148:
For information about the caretaker governments led by
1424:
in each state capital, with those in Sydney located in
3187:"No more coups against Labor PMs under new Rudd rules"
2519:(2nd ed.). Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co. p. 3.
2097:
The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia
1939:"Infosheet 19 - The House, government and opposition"
1867:
accused the Whitlam Government of favouring the term
3752:
3229:
The English constitution: and Other Political Essays
2032:"Infosheet 20 - The Australian system of government"
5214:
5075:
4957:
4904:
4697:
4665:
4561:
4496:
4429:
4307:
4284:
4203:
3880:
3850:
3807:
2661:
Senate Standing Committee for the Scrutiny of Bills
185:
170:
157:
147:
135:
125:
106:
91:
73:
68:
41:
2286:
1534:, which is presided over by the governor-general.
1296:In some contexts, the term "government" refers to
1214:The prime minister and cabinet ministers form the
5423:Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
1604:Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
1376:and the power to prevent "unlawful non-citizens"
1317:, police, government departments and independent
3293:Wright, B. C.; Fowler, P. E., eds. (June 2018).
2014:, however only ministers formally belong to the
1629:Department of Employment and Workplace Relations
3131:House of Representatives Practice (7th edition)
3061:"Cutting bureaucracy won't hurt services: Rudd"
3035:House of Representatives Practice (7th edition)
2975:House of Representatives Practice (7th edition)
2739:"Nationhood and Section 61 of the Constitution"
2657:"Inappropriate Delegation of Legislative Power"
2828:, (2001) 110 FCR 491 (18 September 2001),
2366:. Melbourne University Press. pp. 89–90.
2348:Parliamentary Debates: Senate Official Hansard
1300:, whether legislative, executive or judicial.
1222:(through their control of the parliament) and
5377:
4403:
4183:
3948:
3787:
3375:Van Heyningen v Netherlands-Indies Government
2418:Lundie, Rob; Horne, Nicholas (22 July 2020).
2393:. Sydney: Federation Press. pp. 113–14.
1907:"Budget Paper 1: Budget Strategy and Outlook"
1719:Corporations prescribed by acts of parliament
1654:Department of Industry, Science and Resources
1506:The role of the King and the governor-general
1494:, ministerial positions are allocated by the
1107:
585:Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia
8:
3650:Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983
1664:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
1554:of 1975. In that case, the Governor-General
3701:. Australian Government. 27 September 2023.
5384:
5370:
5362:
5081:
4963:
4703:
4567:
4435:
4410:
4396:
4388:
4190:
4176:
4168:
3955:
3941:
3933:
3794:
3780:
3772:
3759:
3496:"Reserve Powers and the Whitlam dismissal"
2746:University of Western Australia Law Review
2214:Australian Trade and Investment Commission
2000:. Australian Government. 14 December 2023.
1970:. Australian Government. 13 October 2023.
1698:Department of the House of Representatives
1114:
1100:
198:
5393:List of Australian Government departments
3764:Articles related to Australian Government
3664:Clean Energy Finance Corporation Act 2012
3526:"Federal Executive Council Handbook 2021"
3364:. Australian Government. 21 January 1944.
3358:"Australian - New Zealand Agreement 1944"
3237:
2938:Elder, David; Wright, B. C. (June 2018).
2697:University of New South Wales Law Journal
2622:
2317:House of Representatives Official Hansard
3470:The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO)
3440:The Parliamentary Education Office (PEO)
3097:"Commonwealth Parliament Offices (CPOs)"
2578:Appleby, Gabrielle (14 September 2023).
1321:who directly implement policy and laws.
3362:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
2467:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1897:
1839:
1800:Other public non-financial corporations
1639:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1579:vice-president of the Executive Council
840:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
234:
210:
204:This article is part of a series on the
3689:
3687:
3602:. Australian Government. 29 July 2024.
3133:. Parliament of Australia. June 2018.
3101:Ministerial and Parliamentary Services
3037:. Parliament of Australia. June 2018.
2977:. Parliament of Australia. June 2018.
2677:from the original on 29 November 2023.
2042:from the original on 22 September 2023
1595:List of Australian Government entities
38:
3678:Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991
2965:
2963:
2873:
2871:
2759:from the original on 14 November 2023
2718:from the original on 18 November 2023
2594:from the original on 14 November 2023
2313:"Question: Commonwealth of Australia"
2281:
2279:
2186:from the original on 26 November 2023
2156:from the original on 12 December 2023
1974:from the original on 15 November 2023
1848:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
1568:Federal Executive Council (Australia)
7:
3323:from the original on 20 January 2024
3232:. New York: Appleton & Company.
2559:from the original on 31 October 2023
2126:from the original on 26 October 2023
2062:"About the House of Representatives"
2026:
2024:
1933:
1931:
1914:Australian Government Budget 2023–24
1693:Department of Parliamentary Services
1199:and is appointed to the role by the
5418:Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
3596:"Administrative Arrangements Order"
3204:Massola, James (14 February 2021).
3168:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3071:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2913:"Albanese Government full Ministry"
2617:. Canberra: ANU Press. p. 10.
2301:(1): 1–3. 1974 – via Westlaw.
1828:States and territories of Australia
1728:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1237:, located in the nation's capital,
5438:Employment and Workplace Relations
3576:from the original on 11 March 2023
3506:from the original on 18 March 2022
3446:from the original on 25 March 2023
3156:Worsley, Ben (11 September 2007).
3137:from the original on 28 April 2023
3073:. 21 November 2007. Archived from
2981:from the original on 12 March 2023
2688:Greentree, Catherine Dale (2020).
2288:"The term 'Australian Government'"
2246:from the original on 15 April 2020
2092:"The role of the Governor-General"
1644:Department of Health and Aged Care
1463:) have been in coalition with the
1265:The name of the government in the
25:
3917:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
3695:"Government Business Enterprises"
3542:from the original on 3 March 2023
3300:House of Representatives Practice
3185:Grattan, Michelle (8 July 2013).
3158:"Rudd seizes power from factions"
3107:from the original on 26 June 2023
3041:from the original on 27 June 2023
3011:from the original on 26 June 2023
2944:House of Representatives Practice
2878:York, Barry (24 September 2015).
2663:. The Committee. September 2008.
2220:from the original on 26 May 2020.
1776:Australian Rail Track Corporation
3626:from the original on 5 June 2021
2351:. 18 October 1973. p. 1318.
2335:. 20 October 1966. p. 2048.
2146:"Ministers and shadow ministers"
1768:Australian Submarine Corporation
1733:Clean Energy Finance Corporation
1289:Commonwealth of Nations and the
1246:
1037:
893:Australia and the United Nations
389:
384:
162:
161:
60:
5468:Industry, Science and Resources
3753:Parliament of Australia website
3746:Australian government directory
3600:Federal Register of Legislation
2862:Federal Register of Legislation
2799:Pape v Commissioner of Taxation
1780:National Intermodal Corporation
1772:Australian Naval Infrastructure
1744:Government Business Enterprises
1679:Department of Veterans' Affairs
1422:Commonwealth Parliament Offices
27:Federal government of Australia
5540:Westminster system governments
4216:Federated States of Micronesia
3897:Australian Antarctic Territory
3400:In a similar vein, the phrase
3005:Parliamentary Education Office
2885:Museum of Australian Democracy
2553:Parliamentary Education Office
2206:"Australian Capital Territory"
2180:Parliamentary Education Office
2150:Parliamentary Education Office
2120:Parliamentary Education Office
1998:Parliamentary Education Office
1968:Parliamentary Education Office
1573:are summoned to meetings. The
1362:section 61 of the Constitution
1184:ministers, in place since the
1:
5413:Attorney-General's Department
3636:National Library of Australia
3562:"Senator Katy Gallagher, ACT"
2588:University of New South Wales
2256:National Library of Australia
1669:Department of Social Services
1609:Attorney-General's Department
1516:Governor-General of Australia
1140:national executive government
3862:Australian Capital Territory
3735:Resources in other libraries
3500:Rule of Law Education Centre
1905:Chalmers, Jim (9 May 2023).
1738:Special Broadcasting Service
1331:as all government power not
1249:lie in Canberra, along with
1243:Australian Capital Territory
1174:current executive government
1172:that ministers oversee. The
1081:Australian Capital Territory
743:Premiers and chief ministers
738:Governors and administrators
5478:Parliamentary Budget Office
3892:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
3622:. Parliament of Australia.
3614:"Parliamentary Departments"
3031:"Federal Executive Council"
2917:Prime Minister of Australia
2842:Ministers of State Act 1952
1943:Australian Parliament House
1708:Parliamentary Budget Office
1247:sixteen federal departments
693:Referendums and plebiscites
5556:
5488:Prime Minister and Cabinet
3466:"What are reserve powers?"
2830:Federal Court (Full Court)
1674:Department of the Treasury
1649:Department of Home Affairs
1592:
1565:
1509:
1455:and its predecessors (the
1400:
1245:. The head offices of all
748:Parliaments and assemblies
611:State and territory courts
558:Federal Court of Australia
29:
5448:Foreign Affairs and Trade
5408:
5399:
5316:
5084:
4966:
4780:Intelligence and security
4706:
4570:
4438:
4146:
3970:
3769:
3730:Resources in your library
3342:Constitution of Australia
3210:The Sydney Morning Herald
2737:Stephenson, Peta (2018).
2270:Constitution of Australia
2012:members of the government
1818:Australian Public Service
1758:Defence Housing Australia
1562:Federal Executive Council
1532:Federal Executive Council
1414:Federal Executive Council
1391:parliamentary secretaries
1378:from entering the country
1374:during a financial crisis
1267:Constitution of Australia
1144:Commonwealth of Australia
337:Federal Executive Council
166:$ 668.1 billion (2023–24)
59:
48:
5463:House of Representatives
4362:Northern Mariana Islands
3964:Governments of Australia
3570:OpenAustralia Foundation
2613:Moore, Cameroon (2017).
1823:Referendums in Australia
1703:Department of the Senate
1478:first held office under
1364:. These were defined by
1162:House of Representatives
678:Federal electoral system
432:House of Representatives
5535:Government of Australia
4327:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3907:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3802:Government of Australia
3619:Parliament of Australia
2887:at Old Parliament House
2826:[2001] FCA 1329
2786:[1975] HCA 52
2782:Victoria v Commonwealth
2424:Parliament of Australia
2240:High Court of Australia
2236:High Court of Australia
2066:Parliament of Australia
2036:Parliament of Australia
1877:Commonwealth of Nations
1714:Publicly owned entities
1686:Parliament of Australia
1624:Department of Education
1467:or its predecessor the
1278:Commonwealth of Nations
1154:constitutional monarchy
1132:Commonwealth Government
761:State electoral systems
506:High Court of Australia
152:Commonwealth Parliament
79:; 123 years ago
43:Commonwealth Government
18:Government of australia
5483:Parliamentary Services
5174:Indigenous Australians
4675:States and territories
4198:Governments of Oceania
2804:[2009] HCA 23
2449:Australian Style Guide
2362:Curran, James (2004).
2294:Australian Law Journal
1794:Western Sydney Airport
1461:United Australia Party
1228:responsible government
1197:head of the government
1182:Australian Labor Party
858:Diplomatic missions of
730:States and territories
229:
141:government departments
5402:Australian Government
4468:Territorial evolution
4310:and other territories
3721:Australian Government
3699:Department of Finance
3103:. 30 September 2020.
2387:Twomey, Anne (2006).
1806:Airservices Australia
1634:Department of Finance
1619:Department of Defence
1512:Monarchy of Australia
1492:Sydney Morning Herald
1447:Ministerial selection
1342:statutory instruments
1291:US federal government
1186:2022 federal election
1128:Australian Government
378:Australian Parliament
319:Deputy Prime Minister
228:
121:of the prime minister
32:Politics of Australia
5453:Health and Aged Care
4914:Cabinet of Australia
4889:Government ministers
4657:World Heritage Sites
4463:European exploration
3883:External territories
3867:Jervis Bay Territory
3853:Mainland territories
3390:[1955] ATS 5
2182:. 10 November 2023.
2152:. 10 November 2023.
2104:on 27 February 2023.
2016:executive government
1403:Cabinet of Australia
1209:parliamentary leader
1158:executive government
1130:, also known as the
1044:Australia portal
191:Government Directory
4986:Gross state product
3253:Pyke, John (2020).
3174:on 15 October 2007.
3077:on 23 November 2007
2624:10.22459/CS.11.2017
2515:Pyke, John (2020).
2390:The Chameleon Crown
2122:. 31 October 2023.
683:Electoral divisions
77:1 January 1901
5304:Australian studies
5239:Australian English
5048:Telecommunications
4884:Government leaders
4827:Political ideology
3872:Northern Territory
3295:"Governor-General"
2821:Ruddock v Vadarlis
2445:"Government terms"
1525:the appointing of
1441:Whitlam government
1346:Henry VIII clauses
1282:Whitlam government
1136:Federal Government
1086:Northern Territory
701:Voter registration
230:
52:Federal government
5522:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5508:Veterans' Affairs
5359:
5358:
5312:
5311:
5134:Human trafficking
5071:
5070:
4953:
4952:
4753:Foreign relations
4693:
4692:
4557:
4556:
4504:Asian Australians
4385:
4384:
4377:Wallis and Futuna
4285:Associated states
4165:
4164:
3930:
3929:
3912:Coral Sea Islands
3842:Western Australia
3716:Library resources
3566:OpenAustralia.org
3313:978-1-74366-654-8
3264:978-0-455-24415-0
2953:978-1-74366-656-2
2709:10.53637/GJLF5868
2670:978-0-642-71951-5
2526:978-0-455-24415-0
2400:978-1-86287-629-3
1457:Nationalist Party
1410:cabinet reshuffle
1358:royal prerogative
1272:However, in 1965
1220:legislative power
1124:
1123:
1066:Western Australia
880:Visa requirements
832:Foreign relations
818:Political parties
716:Political funding
711:Political parties
348:Albanese ministry
215:
197:
196:
16:(Redirected from
5547:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5363:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5201:Waste management
5082:
5003:Household income
4964:
4926:Governor-General
4736:Electoral system
4704:
4568:
4436:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4389:
4367:Pitcairn Islands
4337:French Polynesia
4322:Christmas Island
4251:Papua New Guinea
4231:Marshall Islands
4204:Sovereign states
4192:
4185:
4178:
4169:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3934:
3902:Christmas Island
3885:
3855:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3773:
3760:
3755:
3748:
3703:
3702:
3691:
3682:
3674:
3668:
3660:
3654:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3530:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3476:on 12 March 2023
3472:. Archived from
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3432:
3426:
3411:
3405:
3398:
3392:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3348:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3305:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3191:The Conversation
3182:
3176:
3175:
3170:. Archived from
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2889:. Archived from
2875:
2866:
2865:
2854:
2848:
2839:
2833:
2817:
2811:
2795:
2789:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2743:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2694:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2626:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2502:Internet Archive
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2451:. 31 March 2023.
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2405:Internet Archive
2384:
2378:
2377:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2290:
2283:
2274:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:"Prime Minister"
2112:
2106:
2105:
2100:. Archived from
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2072:on 12 March 2023
2068:. Archived from
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2028:
2019:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1911:
1902:
1880:
1857:
1851:
1844:
1575:governor-general
1527:Sir Isaac Isaacs
1319:statutory bodies
1251:Parliament House
1235:Parliament House
1201:governor-general
1178:Anthony Albanese
1170:executive bodies
1116:
1109:
1102:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1006:Multiculturalism
981:Environmentalism
959:
847:Foreign Minister
833:
776:
775:Local government
731:
706:Leadership spill
638:Recent elections
631:
616:Law of Australia
498:
393:
388:
370:
310:Anthony Albanese
294:
271:Governor-General
247:
218:
213:
205:
199:
193:
176:Parliament House
174:Executive wing,
165:
164:
111:Governor-General
100:Anthony Albanese
87:
85:
80:
64:
53:
44:
39:
21:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5493:Social Services
5404:
5395:
5390:
5360:
5355:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5308:
5269:Public holidays
5210:
5154:Life expectancy
5067:
4949:
4900:
4689:
4661:
4647:Protected areas
4553:
4492:
4425:
4416:
4386:
4381:
4309:
4303:
4286:
4280:
4261:Solomon Islands
4199:
4196:
4166:
4161:
4142:
3966:
3961:
3931:
3926:
3881:
3876:
3851:
3846:
3827:South Australia
3817:New South Wales
3803:
3800:
3765:
3751:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3643:
3629:
3627:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3412:
3408:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3381:
3373:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3303:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3224:Bagehot, Walter
3222:
3221:
3217:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2893:on 26 June 2023
2877:
2876:
2869:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2840:
2836:
2818:
2814:
2796:
2792:
2780:
2776:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2671:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2635:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2401:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2267:
2263:
2249:
2247:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2210:Study Australia
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2009:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1841:
1814:
1802:
1746:
1721:
1716:
1597:
1591:
1570:
1564:
1547:reserve powers.
1518:
1510:Main articles:
1508:
1449:
1405:
1399:
1386:
1325:Executive power
1315:public servants
1306:
1304:Executive power
1263:
1224:executive power
1120:
1091:
1090:
1071:South Australia
1051:New South Wales
1038:
1036:
1031:
1030:
961:
957:
949:
948:
910:
897:
889:
870:Nationality law
866:
854:
835:
831:
823:
822:
778:
774:
766:
765:
752:
733:
729:
721:
720:
697:
674:
633:
629:
621:
620:
607:
596:Will Alstergren
580:
553:
517:Stephen Gageler
500:
496:
488:
487:
483:Shadow Ministry
459:
427:
395:
372:
368:
360:
359:
332:
296:
292:
284:
283:
249:
245:
216:
212:
203:
189:
83:
81:
78:
55:
51:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5553:
5551:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5527:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5341:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5063:Welfare system
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5038:Superannuation
5035:
5033:Stock exchange
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4996:Public housing
4991:Home ownership
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4938:Prime Minister
4935:
4934:
4933:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4910:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4896:Shadow Cabinet
4893:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4876:
4874:Public Service
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
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1433:Robert Menzies
1426:1 Bligh Street
1401:Main article:
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569:Debra Mortimer
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148:Responsible to
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2919:. 31 May 2022
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1873:Lionel Murphy
1870:
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1556:Sir John Kerr
1553:
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1548:
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1466:
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1446:
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1016:Republicanism
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593:Chief Justice
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566:Chief Justice
564:
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514:Chief Justice
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5458:Home Affairs
5401:
5337:Bibliography
5224:Architecture
5181:Prostitution
5164:Demographics
5129:Homelessness
5028:Reserve Bank
4905:
4842:Conservatism
4790:Constitution
4758:Human rights
4716:Constitution
4667:Subdivisions
4448:Bibliography
4308:Dependencies
4294:Cook Islands
3963:
3720:
3698:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3644:
3634:– via
3628:. Retrieved
3617:
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3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3565:
3556:
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3532:
3520:
3508:. Retrieved
3499:
3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3474:the original
3469:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3439:
3430:
3420:Constitution
3419:
3415:Constitution
3413:
3409:
3401:
3396:
3386:
3382:
3374:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3341:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3299:
3288:
3278:Constitution
3277:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3228:
3218:
3209:
3199:
3190:
3180:
3172:the original
3161:
3151:
3139:. Retrieved
3130:
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3100:
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3075:the original
3064:
3055:
3043:. Retrieved
3034:
3025:
3013:. Retrieved
3004:
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2974:
2943:
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2916:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2891:the original
2883:
2861:
2852:
2841:
2837:
2819:
2815:
2797:
2793:
2781:
2777:
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2761:. Retrieved
2749:
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2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2700:
2696:
2683:
2660:
2651:
2614:
2608:
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2583:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2552:
2543:
2516:
2510:
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2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2423:
2413:
2403:– via
2389:
2382:
2363:
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2331:
2325:
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2298:
2292:
2268:
2264:
2254:– via
2248:. Retrieved
2235:
2232:"Contact us"
2226:
2209:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2179:
2170:
2158:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2102:the original
2095:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:the original
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2035:
2015:
2011:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1967:
1964:"Government"
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:
1918:. Retrieved
1916:. p. 90
1913:
1900:
1869:Commonwealth
1868:
1861:Commonwealth
1860:
1855:
1842:
1762:
1747:
1722:
1683:
1598:
1571:
1546:
1543:
1539:royal assent
1536:
1519:
1491:
1480:Chris Watson
1473:
1450:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1390:
1387:
1350:
1323:
1311:
1307:
1295:
1271:
1264:
1232:
1213:
1190:
1176:consists of
1165:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1125:
976:Conservatism
862:in Australia
756:State courts
688:By-elections
637:
583:
556:
504:
475:Peter Dutton
462:
430:
398:
383:
376:
335:
317:
300:
291:
269:
253:
236:Constitution
202:
171:Headquarters
107:Appointed by
36:
5299:Anglosphere
5139:Immigration
5104:Citizenship
4971:Agriculture
4857:Nationalism
4800:Enforcement
4773:Transgender
4607:Earthquakes
4595:Environment
4529:Immigration
4458:Archaeology
4241:New Zealand
4158:John McEwen
4156:(1945) and
4154:Frank Forde
3418:(Cth) s 1;
3377:St R Qd 54.
3327:29 November
3081:28 November
2832:(Australia)
2763:14 November
2722:14 November
2598:14 November
2488:Quick, John
2429:28 February
2190:26 November
2160:26 November
2130:26 November
2046:26 November
1978:15 November
1789:Snowy Hydro
1589:Departments
1437:front bench
1333:legislative
1286:Anne Twomey
1166:lower house
1011:Nationalism
914:New Zealand
885:Visa policy
549:Beech-Jones
443:Milton Dick
369:Legislature
263:Charles III
214:Politics of
74:Established
5529:Categories
5289:Television
5259:Literature
5144:Irreligion
5124:Healthcare
5119:Euthanasia
5099:Censorship
4906:Government
4852:Liberalism
4822:Parliament
4534:Indigenous
4524:Federation
4514:Diplomatic
4488:Since 1945
4453:Prehistory
4150:Earle Page
4063:Menzies II
4020:Fisher III
4005:Deakin III
3822:Queensland
2563:8 November
2535:1140000411
2373:0522850987
2273:(Cth) s 4.
1892:References
1593:See also:
1488:Kevin Rudd
1389:(formally
1366:High Court
1354:section 51
1329:John Locke
1255:High Court
1180:and other
1061:Queensland
1021:Secularism
1001:Monarchism
996:Liberalism
958:Ideologies
850:Penny Wong
464:Opposition
454:Tony Burke
422:Penny Wong
279:Sam Mostyn
136:Ministries
126:Main organ
115:Sam Mostyn
84:1901-01-01
5433:Education
5196:Squatting
5149:Languages
5114:Education
5094:Aged care
5058:Transport
4867:Socialism
4847:Far-right
4837:Christian
4832:Anarchism
4795:Judiciary
4731:Donations
4726:Elections
4637:Mountains
4585:Continent
4563:Geography
4483:1901–1945
4478:1851–1900
4473:1788–1850
4419:Australia
4211:Australia
4043:Menzies I
4010:Fisher II
3995:Deakin II
3424:s 58
3346:s 64
3282:s 62
3239:24399357M
2971:"Cabinet"
2176:"Cabinet"
1384:Ministers
1241:, in the
1138:, is the
1026:Socialism
991:Hansonism
986:Far-right
971:Christian
966:Anarchism
875:Passports
630:Elections
497:Judiciary
411:Sue Lines
408:President
293:Executive
217:Australia
117:) on the
5503:Treasury
5346:Category
5191:Religion
5089:Abortion
5043:Taxation
4812:Monarchy
4807:Military
4763:Intersex
4699:Politics
4680:Capitals
4544:Monarchy
4539:Military
4519:Economic
4497:By topic
4443:Timeline
4423:articles
4226:Kiribati
4152:(1939),
4138:Albanese
4133:Morrison
4128:Turnbull
4000:Fisher I
3980:Deakin I
3837:Victoria
3832:Tasmania
3624:Archived
3580:5 August
3574:Archived
3546:5 August
3537:Archived
3510:5 August
3504:Archived
3480:5 August
3450:5 August
3444:Archived
3318:Archived
3226:(1895).
3163:ABC News
3141:5 August
3135:Archived
3111:5 August
3105:Archived
3066:ABC News
3045:5 August
3039:Archived
3015:5 August
3009:Archived
2985:5 August
2979:Archived
2897:5 August
2846:s 4
2754:Archived
2713:Archived
2675:Archived
2592:Archived
2557:Archived
2494:(1901).
2244:Archived
2218:Archived
2184:Archived
2154:Archived
2124:Archived
2040:Archived
1972:Archived
1920:11 March
1812:See also
1459:and the
1368:Justice
1337:judicial
1253:and the
1239:Canberra
1076:Tasmania
1056:Victoria
345:Ministry
246:Monarchy
180:Canberra
69:Overview
5443:Finance
5428:Defence
5323:Outline
5294:Theatre
5284:Symbols
5249:Cuisine
5216:Culture
5077:Society
5053:Tourism
5023:Poverty
4959:Economy
4741:Parties
4642:Regions
4632:Islands
4627:Geology
4622:Forests
4590:Deserts
4575:Climate
4549:Railway
4431:History
4372:Tokelau
4276:Vanuatu
4118:Rudd II
4113:Gillard
4098:Keating
4083:Whitlam
4078:McMahon
4058:Chifley
4034:Scullin
3630:17 July
2923:2 March
2769:Austlii
2472:2 March
1948:2 March
1522:Bagehot
1397:Cabinet
1216:cabinet
1195:is the
1148:federal
1142:of the
1134:or the
544:Gleeson
539:Steward
534:Edelman
440:Speaker
355:Cabinet
255:Monarch
186:Website
130:Cabinet
82: (
5498:Senate
5351:Portal
5244:Cinema
5186:Racism
5159:People
5018:Mining
4981:Energy
4976:Dollar
4721:Courts
4711:Asylum
4685:Cities
4652:Rivers
4600:issues
4421:
4347:Hawaii
4271:Tuvalu
4123:Abbott
4108:Rudd I
4103:Howard
4088:Fraser
4073:Gorton
4053:Curtin
4048:Fadden
4025:Hughes
3985:Watson
3975:Barton
3809:States
3718:about
3422:(Cth)
3344:(Cth)
3310:
3280:(Cth)
3261:
3236:
2950:
2844:(Cth)
2667:
2641:
2631:
2533:
2523:
2397:
2370:
2250:31 May
2076:3 June
1784:NBN Co
1484:Caucus
1280:. The
1156:. The
929:Canada
529:Gordon
472:Leader
451:Leader
419:Leader
400:Senate
143:(2024)
119:advice
92:Leader
5330:Index
5279:Sport
5274:Radio
5264:Music
5254:Dance
5206:Women
5109:Crime
5013:Media
4879:Women
4617:Fauna
4612:Flora
4266:Tonga
4256:Samoa
4246:Palau
4236:Nauru
4093:Hawke
4038:Lyons
4030:Bruce
3681:(Cth)
3667:(Cth)
3653:(Cth)
3540:(PDF)
3529:(PDF)
3321:(PDF)
3304:(PDF)
2824:
2802:
2784:
2757:(PDF)
2752:(2).
2742:(PDF)
2716:(PDF)
2703:(3).
2693:(PDF)
2639:JSTOR
1910:(PDF)
1887:Notes
1500:Right
1476:Labor
1474:When
1203:(the
1164:(the
944:India
939:China
524:Keane
456:(ALP)
445:(ALP)
424:(ALP)
413:(ALP)
329:(ALP)
312:(ALP)
5234:Arts
4943:list
4931:list
4919:list
4768:LGBT
4342:Guam
4299:Niue
4221:Fiji
4068:Holt
4015:Cook
3990:Reid
3632:2021
3582:2023
3548:2023
3512:2023
3482:2023
3452:2023
3329:2023
3308:ISBN
3259:ISBN
3143:2023
3113:2023
3083:2007
3047:2023
3017:2023
2987:2023
2948:ISBN
2925:2024
2899:2023
2765:2023
2724:2023
2665:ISBN
2629:ISBN
2600:2023
2565:2023
2531:OCLC
2521:ISBN
2474:2024
2431:2024
2395:ISBN
2368:ISBN
2252:2020
2192:2023
2162:2023
2132:2023
2078:2023
2048:2023
1980:2023
1950:2024
1922:2024
1514:and
1498:and
1496:Left
1344:and
1261:Name
1205:King
1191:The
1146:, a
1126:The
906:APEC
670:2007
665:2010
660:2013
655:2016
650:2019
645:2022
477:(LP)
5229:Art
4785:Law
2808:CLR
2705:doi
2619:doi
1335:or
1257:.
901:G20
808:Tas
793:Qld
788:Vic
783:NSW
139:16
5531::
3697:.
3686:^
3616:.
3598:.
3572:.
3568:.
3564:.
3535:.
3531:.
3502:.
3498:.
3468:.
3442:.
3438:.
3360:.
3316:.
3297:.
3234:OL
3208:.
3189:.
3166:.
3160:.
3129:.
3099:.
3069:.
3063:.
3033:.
3007:.
3003:.
2973:.
2962:^
2942:.
2915:.
2882:.
2870:^
2860:.
2750:43
2748:.
2744:.
2711:.
2701:43
2699:.
2695:.
2673:.
2659:.
2637:.
2627:.
2590:.
2586:.
2582:.
2555:.
2551:.
2529:.
2490:;
2465:.
2447:.
2422:.
2315:.
2299:48
2297:.
2291:.
2278:^
2242:.
2238:.
2234:.
2216:.
2212:.
2208:.
2178:.
2148:.
2118:.
2094:.
2064:.
2038:.
2034:.
2023:^
1996:.
1966:.
1941:.
1930:^
1912:.
1688::
1585:.
1443:.
1428:.
1380:.
1188:.
860:/
813:NT
803:SA
798:WA
178:,
5385:e
5378:t
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4411:e
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