Knowledge (XXG)

Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah

Source πŸ“

628: 581: 534: 480: 426: 372: 318: 66: 46: 769: 722: 675: 1734: 729: 379: 635: 487: 325: 682: 776: 433: 55: 588: 541: 259:
The Constitution provides the power to the Governor to appoint key officers of the state, i.e. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and his deputies; nominated members of the Assembly; ministers and assistant ministers of state; chairman, his deputy and members of the State Public Service Commission;
228:
His Excellency has neither a deputy nor an assistant. However, in event of his inability to govern the state due to illness, absence or any other cause, His Majesty reserves the power to appoint a person to exercise the function of the Governor.
237:
Many functions and powers of the King – at the federal level – are delegated to the Governor at the state level – like the other rulers of states. The Governor, however, has no power and function towards the judiciary.
260:
the State Secretary; and the State Attorney General. All of them are appointed after consultation with the Chief Minister, except in appointing the Chief Minister. The same process occurred during dismissal of an officeholder.
1779: 1770: 1971: 1763: 217:(governor) is established by the Constitution of the State of Sabah. According to Article 1(1) of the Constitution, the office must exist and be appointed by the 252:
Article 10 of the State Constitution describes that the Governor has to act according to the State Constitution and makes decisions based on the advice from the
1756: 1034: 1976: 1966: 1094: 1157: 815:
Only one former Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah is alive at the moment. The most recent death of a former Yang di-Pertua Negeri was that of
1074: 267:. All bills must be assented by the Governor in 30 days after a bill passed. The Governor also has to address the assembly annually. 1894: 1940: 1910: 1106: 1099: 264: 225:. Every governor is appointed for a term of four years. However, the king reserves the power to extend his term of appointment. 1025: 1869: 1135: 934: 875: 1920: 1113: 1064: 1203: 1945: 1839: 1400: 1213: 1130: 1118: 627: 580: 533: 479: 425: 371: 317: 1173: 871: 1884: 1798: 222: 84: 245:. He share the same power with the other members of the conference. However, he cannot be appointed as the 1925: 1829: 1574: 1300: 1863: 1802: 1290: 1262: 1224: 1198: 1188: 1145: 866: 395: 389: 246: 218: 214: 133: 120: 1594: 1056: 1889: 1874: 1859: 1819: 1310: 1305: 645: 598: 503: 497: 242: 1178: 1125: 1325: 1295: 1252: 1084: 1018: 1879: 1849: 1824: 1808: 1421: 1345: 1280: 1079: 836: 739: 190: 107: 1564: 958:
Previously, the Chief Minister is appointed after consultation with the Federal Prime Minister.
65: 1559: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1330: 1285: 1270: 1242: 1232: 1140: 728: 162: 1935: 1844: 1579: 1390: 1350: 1335: 1275: 1193: 1183: 1089: 1069: 786: 378: 253: 202: 73: 1645: 634: 1915: 1854: 1814: 1793: 1481: 1476: 1405: 486: 324: 681: 1737: 1395: 1385: 1360: 1355: 1340: 1320: 1315: 1247: 1237: 1011: 816: 692: 432: 341: 335: 144: 127: 768: 721: 674: 587: 45: 1960: 1834: 1715: 1554: 1150: 1048: 449: 443: 183: 100: 540: 1675: 1436: 968: 89: 17: 1700: 1584: 1451: 1446: 551: 992: 912: 775: 1748: 1680: 1665: 1620: 1466: 1441: 180: 895: 1710: 1690: 1670: 1650: 1589: 54: 1695: 1660: 1615: 1569: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1431: 187: 1705: 1685: 1640: 1635: 1625: 1610: 1523: 1486: 1471: 1426: 1630: 1538: 1533: 256:. However, he may also act on his own discretion in certain matters. 1655: 1528: 1517: 1491: 1461: 1456: 1038: 998: 194: 1003: 1752: 1007: 263:
The Constitution also describes powers of the Governor in the
275:
The following is the list of Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah:
132:
Four years per term, unlimited number of terms and at the
819:(1995–2002). He died in Kota Kinabalu on 30 August 2021. 969:"Mantan Tuan Yang Terutama Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah" 1850:
Al-Sultan Abdullah Riayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah
201:(TYT; "His Excellency"). The current officeholder is 1903: 1786: 1603: 1547: 1414: 1261: 1223: 1212: 1166: 1055: 158: 150: 140: 126: 116: 106: 96: 83: 34: 940:. Attorney-General's Chamber of the State of Sabah 241:As he is the head of state, he is a member of the 1972:Lists of political office-holders in Malaysia 1764: 1019: 8: 999:Istana Negeri Kota Kinabalu official website 935:"Constitution of the State of Sabah: Part 1" 1771: 1757: 1749: 1220: 1026: 1012: 1004: 64: 995:at the Sabah Government official website 821: 277: 887: 874:(for the Governors of the predecessing 907: 905: 205:, who was sworn in on 1 January 2011. 197:. The Yang di-Pertua Negeri is styled 31: 7: 811:Living former Yang di-Pertua Negeri 221:(King) after consultation with the 112:Istana Seri Kinabalu, Kota Kinabalu 25: 1733: 1732: 774: 767: 727: 720: 680: 673: 633: 626: 586: 579: 539: 532: 485: 478: 431: 424: 377: 370: 323: 316: 233:Functions, powers and privileges 53: 44: 1977:1963 establishments in Malaysia 1967:Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah 1: 1946:Dr. Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar 1885:Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah 1860:Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah 828:Term as Yang di-Pertua Negeri 804:13 years, 256 days 271:List of Yang di-Pertua Negeri 1189:Demographics (Ethnic groups) 618:8 years, 190 days 35:Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah 1780:Heads of states in Malaysia 524:2 years, 75 days 470:1 year, 316 days 1993: 1916:Dr. Mohd. Ali Mohd. Rustam 1895:Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin 759:8 years, 0 days 712:8 years, 0 days 665:8 years, 0 days 416:8 years, 0 days 362:2 years, 0 days 265:State Legislative Assembly 1728: 1045: 296: 289: 286: 283: 280: 78:since 1 January 2011 61: 52: 43: 1415:Towns and Municipalities 872:Governor of North Borneo 145:Datu Mustapha Datu Harun 913:"Yang di-Pertua Negeri" 782:Tun Datuk Seri Panglima 735:Tun Datuk Seri Panglima 688:Tun Datuk Seri Panglima 1926:Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak 1875:Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin 876:Colony of North Borneo 993:Yang di-Pertua Negeri 867:Yang di-Pertua Negeri 390:Pengiran Ahmad Raffae 290:Yang di-Pertua Negeri 247:Yang di-Pertuan Agong 219:Yang di-Pertuan Agong 215:Yang di-Pertua Negeri 177:Yang di-Pertua Negeri 134:Yang di-Pertuan Agong 121:Yang di-Pertuan Agong 646:Mohammad Said Keruak 599:Mohamad Adnan Robert 243:Conference of Rulers 1811:(the Prince Regent) 1158:Tourist attractions 165:25,116.00 per month 27:Sabah Head of State 1820:Sultan Sallehuddin 971:. Sabah Government 915:. Sabah Government 837:Ahmadshah Abdullah 740:Ahmadshah Abdullah 213:The office of the 199:Tuan Yang Terutama 90:Tuan Yang Terutama 1954: 1953: 1830:Sultan Muhammad V 1746: 1745: 1724: 1723: 858: 857: 808: 807: 461:16 September 1973 412:16 September 1973 407:16 September 1965 358:16 September 1965 353:16 September 1963 173:Governor of Sabah 169: 168: 154:16 September 1963 38:Governor of Sabah 18:Governor of Sabah 16:(Redirected from 1984: 1936:Juhar Mahiruddin 1773: 1766: 1759: 1750: 1736: 1735: 1221: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1005: 981: 980: 978: 976: 965: 959: 956: 950: 949: 947: 945: 939: 931: 925: 924: 922: 920: 909: 900: 899: 892: 854: 850: 848: 841:2003–2010 822: 798: 793: 787:Juhar Mahiruddin 783: 778: 771: 756: 755:31 December 2010 751: 746: 736: 731: 724: 709: 708:31 December 2002 704: 699: 689: 684: 677: 662: 661:31 December 1994 657: 652: 642: 637: 630: 615: 614:31 December 1986 610: 605: 595: 590: 583: 568: 563: 558: 548: 543: 536: 521: 516: 510: 494: 489: 482: 467: 462: 456: 440: 435: 428: 413: 408: 402: 386: 381: 374: 359: 354: 348: 332: 327: 320: 294: 278: 203:Juhar Mahiruddin 141:Inaugural holder 92:(His Excellency) 74:Juhar Mahiruddin 68: 57: 48: 39: 32: 21: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1957: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1899: 1864:the Deputy King 1835:Negeri Sembilan 1782: 1777: 1747: 1742: 1720: 1599: 1543: 1410: 1257: 1215: 1208: 1162: 1051: 1041: 1032: 989: 984: 974: 972: 967: 966: 962: 957: 953: 943: 941: 937: 933: 932: 928: 918: 916: 911: 910: 903: 896:"Istana Negeri" 894: 893: 889: 885: 863: 852: 851:9 December 1946 846: 844: 813: 796: 791: 790: 784: 781: 754: 749: 744: 743: 737: 734: 707: 702: 697: 696: 690: 687: 660: 655: 650: 649: 643: 640: 613: 608: 603: 602: 596: 593: 566: 562:12 October 1977 561: 556: 555: 549: 546: 520:10 October 1977 519: 514: 508: 507: 495: 492: 465: 460: 454: 453: 441: 438: 411: 406: 400: 399: 387: 384: 357: 352: 346: 345: 333: 330: 308:Time in Office 297:Term of office 292: 291: 273: 235: 211: 79: 77: 76: 72: 69: 37: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1990: 1988: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1959: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1806: 1799:Sultan Ibrahim 1796: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1775: 1768: 1761: 1753: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1520:(Municipality) 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1499:(Municipality) 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1267: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1229: 1227: 1218: 1214:Administrative 1210: 1209: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1100:Chief Minister 1097: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1061: 1059: 1053: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1016: 1008: 1002: 1001: 996: 988: 987:External links 985: 983: 982: 960: 951: 926: 901: 886: 884: 881: 880: 879: 869: 862: 859: 856: 855: 842: 839: 833: 832: 831:Date of birth 829: 826: 817:Sakaran Dandai 812: 809: 806: 805: 802: 799: 797:1 January 2011 794: 779: 772: 765: 761: 760: 757: 752: 750:1 January 2003 747: 732: 725: 718: 714: 713: 710: 705: 703:1 January 1995 700: 693:Sakaran Dandai 685: 678: 671: 667: 666: 663: 658: 656:1 January 1987 653: 638: 631: 624: 620: 619: 616: 611: 606: 591: 584: 577: 573: 572: 571:257 days 569: 564: 559: 544: 537: 530: 526: 525: 522: 517: 512: 490: 483: 476: 472: 471: 468: 463: 458: 436: 429: 422: 418: 417: 414: 409: 404: 382: 375: 368: 364: 363: 360: 355: 350: 328: 321: 314: 310: 309: 306: 303: 299: 298: 295: 288: 285: 282: 272: 269: 234: 231: 223:Chief Minister 210: 207: 167: 166: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 130: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 110: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 87: 81: 80: 70: 63: 62: 59: 58: 50: 49: 41: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1989: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1840:Tuanku Muhriz 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1739: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1548:Sub-districts 1546: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1301:Kota Kinabalu 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1146:Coats of arms 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049:Kota Kinabalu 1044: 1040: 1036: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 990: 986: 970: 964: 961: 955: 952: 936: 930: 927: 914: 908: 906: 902: 897: 891: 888: 882: 877: 873: 870: 868: 865: 864: 860: 853:(age 77) 843: 840: 838: 835: 834: 830: 827: 824: 823: 820: 818: 810: 803: 800: 795: 789: 788: 780: 777: 773: 770: 766: 763: 762: 758: 753: 748: 742: 741: 733: 730: 726: 723: 719: 716: 715: 711: 706: 701: 695: 694: 686: 683: 679: 676: 672: 669: 668: 664: 659: 654: 648: 647: 639: 636: 632: 629: 625: 622: 621: 617: 612: 607: 601: 600: 592: 589: 585: 582: 578: 575: 574: 570: 565: 560: 554: 553: 545: 542: 538: 535: 531: 528: 527: 523: 518: 513: 511: 506: 505: 500: 499: 491: 488: 484: 481: 477: 474: 473: 469: 464: 459: 457: 452: 451: 446: 445: 444:Muhammad Fuad 437: 434: 430: 427: 423: 420: 419: 415: 410: 405: 403: 398: 397: 396:Pengiran Omar 392: 391: 383: 380: 376: 373: 369: 366: 365: 361: 356: 351: 349: 344: 343: 338: 337: 336:Datu Mustapha 329: 326: 322: 319: 315: 312: 311: 307: 304: 301: 300: 293:(Birth–Death) 284:Coat of Arms 279: 276: 270: 268: 266: 261: 257: 255: 254:State Cabinet 250: 248: 244: 239: 232: 230: 226: 224: 220: 216: 208: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 189: 185: 184:head of state 182: 178: 174: 164: 161: 157: 153: 149: 146: 143: 139: 135: 131: 129: 125: 122: 119: 115: 111: 109: 105: 102: 101:Head of state 99: 95: 91: 88: 86: 82: 75: 67: 60: 56: 51: 47: 42: 33: 30: 19: 1930: 1809:Tunku Ismail 1676:Pekan Nabalu 1437:Kinabatangan 1291:Kinabatangan 1075:Constitution 973:. Retrieved 963: 954: 942:. Retrieved 929: 917:. Retrieved 890: 814: 785: 738: 691: 644: 609:25 June 1978 597: 567:25 June 1978 550: 515:28 July 1975 502: 501: 496: 466:28 July 1975 448: 447: 442: 394: 393: 388: 340: 339: 334: 305:Left office 302:Took office 274: 262: 258: 251: 240: 236: 227: 212: 198: 176: 172: 170: 29: 1701:Tanjung Aru 1604:Other towns 1452:Kuala Penyu 1447:Kota Marudu 1311:Kuala Penyu 1306:Kota Marudu 1107:Legislature 698:(1930–2021) 651:(1925–1995) 604:(1917–2003) 557:(1925–1978) 552:Ahmad Koroh 509:(1922–1977) 498:Mohd Hamdan 455:(1920–1976) 401:(1908–1995) 347:(1918–1995) 209:Appointment 136:'s pleasure 128:Term length 1961:Categories 1890:Terengganu 1681:Pensiangan 1666:Long Pasia 1621:Donggongon 1575:Pagalungan 1565:Matunggong 1467:Lahad Datu 1442:Kota Belud 1326:Lahad Datu 1296:Kota Belud 1253:West Coast 1085:Government 883:References 847:1946-12-09 801:Incumbent 342:Datu Harun 181:ceremonial 1904:Governors 1711:Tenghilan 1691:Sepanggar 1671:Manggatal 1651:Kundasang 1590:Tamparuli 1346:Penampang 1281:Kalabakan 1263:Districts 1225:Divisions 1216:divisions 1199:Education 1114:Geography 1090:Executive 1080:Elections 1047:Capital: 944:1 October 641:Tun Datuk 594:Tun Datuk 547:Tun Datuk 493:Tun Datuk 439:Tun Datuk 385:Tun Datuk 331:Tun Datuk 287:Portrait 188:Malaysian 179:) is the 151:Formation 117:Appointer 108:Residence 71:Incumbent 1880:Selangor 1825:Kelantan 1803:the King 1738:Category 1696:Sindumin 1661:Lok Kawi 1616:Bongawan 1570:Menumbok 1560:Kemabong 1513:Tambunan 1508:Sipitang 1503:Semporna 1497:Sandakan 1432:Keningau 1422:Beaufort 1381:Tambunan 1376:Sipitang 1371:Semporna 1366:Sandakan 1331:Membakut 1286:Keningau 1271:Beaufort 1243:Sandakan 1233:Interior 1204:Politics 1131:Sabahans 1095:Governor 975:13 April 861:See also 792:(b.1953) 745:(b.1946) 504:Abdullah 450:Stephens 1941:Sarawak 1911:Malacca 1706:Telipok 1686:Sapulut 1641:Kinarut 1636:Kimanis 1626:Gum-Gum 1611:Bingkor 1524:Telupid 1487:Putatan 1472:Nabawan 1427:Beluran 1391:Telupid 1351:Putatan 1336:Nabawan 1276:Beluran 1194:Economy 1184:Cuisine 1174:Culture 1167:Society 1136:Symbols 1119:Islands 1070:History 919:17 June 186:of the 1921:Penang 1870:Perlis 1845:Pahang 1787:Rulers 1716:Weston 1631:Inanam 1595:Tungku 1580:Paitan 1555:Banggi 1539:Tuaran 1534:Tongod 1406:Tuaran 1401:Tongod 1141:Anthem 1057:Topics 159:Salary 97:Status 1931:Sabah 1855:Perak 1815:Kedah 1794:Johor 1656:Likas 1646:Kiulu 1529:Tenom 1518:Tawau 1492:Ranau 1482:Pitas 1477:Papar 1462:Kunak 1457:Kudat 1396:Tenom 1386:Tawau 1361:Ranau 1356:Pitas 1341:Papar 1321:Kunak 1316:Kudat 1248:Tawau 1238:Kudat 1179:Crime 1126:Music 1065:Index 1039:Sabah 1035:State 938:(PDF) 195:Sabah 191:state 85:Style 1585:Sook 1151:Flag 977:2011 946:2013 921:2016 825:Name 281:No. 171:The 1037:of 764:10 193:of 1963:: 904:^ 849:) 717:9 670:8 623:7 576:6 529:5 475:4 421:3 367:2 313:1 249:. 163:RM 1866:) 1862:( 1805:) 1801:( 1772:e 1765:t 1758:v 1027:e 1020:t 1013:v 979:. 948:. 923:. 898:. 878:) 845:( 175:( 20:)

Index

Governor of Sabah



Juhar Mahiruddin
Style
Tuan Yang Terutama
Head of state
Residence
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Term length
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Datu Mustapha Datu Harun
RM
ceremonial
head of state
Malaysian
state
Sabah
Juhar Mahiruddin
Yang di-Pertua Negeri
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Chief Minister
Conference of Rulers
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
State Cabinet
State Legislative Assembly


Datu Mustapha

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑