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Grand challenges are more than ordinary research questions or priorities, they are end results or outcomes that are global in scale; very difficult to accomplish, yet offer hope of being ultimately tractable; demand an extensive number of research projects across many technical and non-technical
268:. A grand challenge is a fundamental problem in science or engineering, with broad applications, whose solution would be enabled by the application of high performance computing resources that could become available in the near future. Examples of these grand challenges were said to be:
24:... energize not only the scientific and engineering community, but also students, journalists, the public, and their elected representatives, to develop a sense of the possibilities, an appreciation of the risks, and an urgent commitment to accelerate progress.
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are difficult but important problems set by various institutions or professions to encourage solutions or advocate for the application of government or philanthropic funds especially in the most highly developed economies and
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disciplines and accompanied by well-defined metrics. Lastly, Grand challenges "require coordinated, collaborative, and collective efforts" and must capture "the popular imagination, and thus political support."
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159:, initiative supported by the Canadian government based upon the Grand Challenges in Global Health to develop solutions to critical health and development challenges in the developing world.
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NCTM Research
Committee. "Grand challenges and opportunities in mathematics education research." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 46.2 (2015): 134-146. Accessed at
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Environmental Grand
Challenges, initiative by the National Research Council (NRC) about the most important and challenging scientific questions in the environmental sciences.
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Executive Office of the
President, Office of Science and Technology Policy, "The Federal High Performance Computing Program," Sept. 1989, pp. 49–50: Appendix A Summary
516:. In addition to funding high-performance computing hardware, the NSF proposed to fund research on computational algorithms and methods, software development methods,
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The presidential Office of
Science and Technology Policy in the United States set a first list of grand challenges in the late 1980s, to direct research funding for
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Regli, William, and Jeff
Heisserman. "Report from the Royal Academy of Engineering’s Global Grand Challenges Summit." Computer-Aided Design 11.45 (2013): 1485-1487.
852:"A Research and Development Strategy for High Performance Computing", Executive Office of the President, Office of Science and Technology Policy, November 20, 1987
92:, initiative to develop technologies needed to create fully autonomous ground vehicles, capable of completing a substantial off-road course within a limited time.
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Gould, M. "GIScience grand challenges: How can research and technology in this field address big-picture problems? ArcUser, 13 (4), 64–65." (2010). Accessed at
145:(Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies), supporting the development and application of technologies to understand human brain function.
106:, initiative to create automatic defensive systems capable of reasoning about software flaws, formulating patches and deploying them on a network in real time.
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Mertz, D.R. (2005). Grand
Challenges: A Strategic Plan for Bridge Engineering, NCHRP Project 20-07/Task 199, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.v
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Grand
Challenges: A Strategic Plan for Bridge Engineering, initiative sponsored by the Highway Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures (HSCOBS) of the
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In management and organization studies, an important research agenda has evolved around Grand
Challenges. However, it is being criticized.
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Marburger, J. "Grand challenges for disaster reduction." National
Science and Technology Council (2005). Accessed on November 5,2017 at
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detection and therapy, and modeling of hazards (such as hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, wildfires, and chemical accidents), and
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High-performance computing initiative sponsored by the Office of
Science and Technology Policy in the United States in the 1980s.
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Calculations to understand the fundamental nature of matter, including quantum chromodynamics and condensed matter theory
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Grand Challenges, Global Health, Sustainable Cities, Intercultural Interaction and Human Well-being, initiative by
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Sawyer, Tom. "Engineers Rise to Challenge for Infrastructure Innovations." Enr, vol. 279, no. 1, 2017, pp. 45
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the design of hypersonic aircraft, efficient automobile bodies, and extremely quiet submarines
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Grand Challenges and Opportunities in Mathematics Education Research, initiative sponsored by
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to develop cross-disciplinary collaborations related to matters of pressing societal concern.
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Plasma dynamics for fusion energy technology and for safe and efficient military technology
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George, Gerard; Howard-Grenville, Jennifer; Joshi, Aparna; Tihanyi, Laszlo (2016-09-30).
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updated its list of grand challenges, removing largely completed challenges such as the
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Grand challenges and great opportunities in science, technology, and public policy.
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Electronic structure calculations for the design of new materials such as
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767:"How Not to Turn the Grand Challenges Literature Into a Tower of Babel?"
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Grand Challenges for Disaster Reduction, initiative sponsored by the
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Seelos, Christian; Mair, Johanna; Traeger, Charlotte (2022-12-19).
710:"Tackling Grand Challenges Pragmatically: Robust Action Revisited"
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tools for design, manufacturing, and simulation of complex systems
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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
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Grand Challenges and Great Opportunities initiative sponsored by
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Carton, Guillaume; Parigot, Julia; Roulet, Thomas (2023-03-23).
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596:"Tackling COVID-19 as a Grand Challenge | Digital Society Blog"
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Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
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ASCE Grand Challenge for Civil Engineering, initiative by the
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Ferraro, Fabrizio; Etzion, Dror; Gehman, Joel (2015-03-01).
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efficient recovery of oil, and for many other applications
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Global Grand Challenges, summit meetings sponsored by The
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University Consortium for Geographic Information Science
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Grand challenges for GIScience, initiative sponsored by
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NSF Report on Grand Challenges of Mind and Brain (2006)
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Grand Challenges in Continued Vector Research by the
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weather forecasting for short- and long-term effects
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
583:" Science 314.5806 (2006): 1696-1704. accessed at
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272:Computational fluid dynamics for
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306:Symbolic computations including
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238:Grand Challenges for Social Work
189:on “What Don’t We Know?” (2006).
46:Grand Challenges for Engineering
892:National Academy of Engineering
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316:natural language understanding
196:(AAG) in conjunction with the
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176:In science and technology
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120:In mathematics education
333:Japanese 5th Generation
157:Grand Challenges Canada
771:Business & Society
466:anti-submarine warfare
396:Quantum chromodynamics
134:In medicine and health
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687:10.5465/amj.2016.4007
522:workforce development
502:tree of life genetics
204:Centennial Challenges
96:DARPA Urban Challenge
90:DARPA Grand Challenge
714:Organization Studies
490:Human Genome Project
292:immunological agents
773:: 000765032311593.
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321:automated reasoning
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309:speech recognition
289:chemical catalysts
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