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which had been strengthened by the absence of a privileged class of nobles, the comparative independence of the peasantry, and the importance of the towns; thus a certain amount of friction was inevitable. In 1852 some modifications were introduced into the constitution, yet it remained one of the
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used the title of grand duke. Although paternalist, the early grand dukes did not grant a constitution until events overtook them in 1848.
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Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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The Grand Duchy of
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and received some slight compensation. In 1866 he had sided with
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1781:States of the German Empire
284:"Hail to thee, O Oldenburg"
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658:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
467:Franz Friedrich Ruhstrat
205:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
27:German state (1815–1918)
978:Encyclopædia Britannica
843:Free State of Oldenburg
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719:Its ruling family, the
666:GroĂźherzogtum Oldenburg
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348:Constitutional monarchy
210:GroĂźherzogtum Oldenburg
186:For more guidance, see
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270:Heil dir, o Oldenburg
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30:For other uses, see
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783:Revolutions of 1848
597:First French Empire
1858:Schleswig-Holstein
893:of the Grand Dukes
812:Kingdom of Prussia
804:Duchy of Schleswig
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767:Congress of Vienna
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611:Duchy of Oldenburg
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106:(August 2012)
102:
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95:You can help
91:
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60:
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56:
50:This article
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2122:
2110:Mitteleuropa
2101:Mittelafrika
2013:(Elder Line)
2011:Reuss-Greiz
1975:(until 1876)
1967:Coburg-Gotha
1928:
1870:West Prussia
1827:Hohenzollern
1823:Hesse-Nassau
1815:East Prussia
1690:(Elder Line)
1688:Reuss-Greiz
1647:Coburg-Gotha
1608:
1435:(until 1850)
1425:(until 1850)
1413:Hohenzollern
1402:(until 1848)
1392:(Elder Line)
1390:Reuss-Greiz
1361:(until 1824)
1351:(until 1824)
1280:(until 1826)
1272:(until 1826)
1261:Coburg-Gotha
1256:(until 1826)
1227:(until 1847)
1219:(until 1863)
1211:(until 1863)
1133:
1093:Hesse-Kassel
976:
919:
877:Eutin Castle
828:
780:
760:
718:
669:
657:
655:
579:Succeeded by
578:
573:
533:(until 1858)
263:
254:Coat of arms
163:edit summary
154:
134:
104:
96:
66:
54:
51:
2044:City-states
2003:Reuss-Gera
1882:WĂĽrttemberg
1811:Brandenburg
1803:as a whole
1783:(1871–1918)
1721:City-states
1680:Reuss-Gera
1549:(1866–1871)
1472:Free cities
1446:Schwarzburg
1431:Sigmaringen
1384:(from 1848)
1377:Reuss-Gera
1371:(1824-1848)
1264:(from 1826)
1248:(from 1826)
1203:(from 1863)
1172:(from 1839)
1086:Electorates
1077:WĂĽrttemberg
1019:(1815–1866)
949:Works cited
676:within the
674:grand duchy
574:Preceded by
560:(1914–1918)
551:(1873–1914)
542:(1858–1873)
273: [
2129:Categories
1866:Westphalia
1454:Rudolstadt
1119:Luxembourg
755:See also:
698:Birkenfeld
355:Grand Duke
344:Government
316:, and the
1980:Meiningen
1972:Lauenburg
1962:Altenburg
1957:Brunswick
1929:Oldenburg
1850:Rhineland
1831:Pomerania
1657:Meiningen
1652:Lauenburg
1642:Altenburg
1637:Brunswick
1609:Oldenburg
1506:partially
1484:Frankfurt
1421:Hechingen
1285:Meiningen
1245:Altenburg
1182:Lauenburg
1159:Brunswick
1134:Oldenburg
973:Oldenburg
712:Reichstag
704:Bundesrat
690:Oldenburg
334:Religion
328:Oldenburg
226:1815–1918
181:talk page
133:Consider
101:in German
1789:Kingdoms
1555:Kingdoms
1208:Bernburg
1164:Holstein
1050:Kingdoms
899:See also
800:Peter II
771:Augustus
672:) was a
522:Currency
410:Peter II
398:Augustus
157:provide
2057:Hamburg
1944:Duchies
1862:Silesia
1819:Hanover
1801:Prussia
1796:Bavaria
1734:Hamburg
1624:Duchies
1562:Prussia
1489:Hamburg
1169:Limburg
1148:Duchies
1072:Hanover
1062:Bavaria
1057:Prussia
1032:Austria
1025:Empires
966::
911:Sources
849:Gallery
841:as the
751:History
725:Denmark
649:Germany
506:•
493:•
480:History
455:(first)
386:Peter I
374:Wilhelm
324:Capital
266: "
264:Anthem:
179:to the
161:in the
103:.
2062:LĂĽbeck
2052:Bremen
1952:Anhalt
1877:Saxony
1854:Saxony
1807:Berlin
1739:LĂĽbeck
1729:Bremen
1632:Anhalt
1567:Saxony
1494:LĂĽbeck
1479:Bremen
1224:Köthen
1216:Dessau
1200:Anhalt
1177:Nassau
1067:Saxony
960:
787:Europe
741:Russia
737:Greece
733:Sweden
729:Norway
662:German
529:Thaler
483:
470:(last)
437:
359:
312:, the
305:Status
217:German
213:
2087:Other
1998:Lippe
1909:Baden
1846:Posen
1675:Lippe
1339:Reuss
1319:Lippe
1109:Baden
694:Eutin
277:]
124:DeepL
63:page.
806:and
743:and
696:and
684:and
656:The
500:1815
241:Flag
155:must
153:You
117:View
975:".
126:or
2131::
1868:,
1864:,
1860:,
1856:,
1852:,
1848:,
1844:,
1829:,
1825:,
1821:,
1817:,
1813:,
1809:,
931:^
845:.
826:.
747:.
739:,
735:,
731:,
727:,
716:.
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680:,
664::
275:de
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1842:)
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1773:e
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660:(
281:"
219:)
215:(
190:.
183:.
71:)
67:(
34:.
20:)
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