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being held. Brought into his cell, she asked, "Why did you kill my husband?" "I killed Sergei
Alexandrovich because he was a weapon of tyranny. I was taking revenge for the people." "Do not listen to your pride. Repent... and I will beg the Sovereign to give you your life. I will ask him for you. I myself have already forgiven you." On the eve of revolution, she had already found a way out; forgiveness! Forgive through the impossible pain and blood -- and thereby stop it then, at the beginning, this bloody wheel. By her example, poor Ella appealed to society, calling upon the people to live in Christian faith. 'No!" replied Kalyayev. "I do not repent. I must die for my deed and I will... My death will be more useful to my cause than Sergei Alexandrovich's death." Kalyayev was sentenced to death. "I am pleased with your sentence,' he told the judges. 'I hope that you will carry it out just as openly and publicly as I carried out the sentence of the
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868:, though the more conservative citizens were pleased. The Muscovite nobility and merchants despised him because he was rough and lacked tact while attempting to fight commercial fraud and enforce strict policy measures. However, he did significantly improve general living conditions during his tenure and was extremely conscientious in carrying out his duties: “Even in the country when he was supposed to be resting," his niece remembered, "he was constantly receiving couriers from Moscow and giving audiences.” He paid much attention to detail, attending personally to matters that could easily have been left to subordinates, punishing corruption and fraud. At times, he would go about the city incognito to see conditions for himself. In private, he and his wife were concerned about the poverty they saw in Moscow and the surrounding countryside, discussing ways to improve it.
854:, by which all Jews of lower social stance (artisans, minor traders and so on) had to be expelled from Moscow. On 29 March, the first day of Passover, the city's Jewish population learned of the new decree that called for their expulsion. In three carefully planned phases over the next twelve months, Moscow's Jews were expelled. Those first to go were the unmarried, the childless, and those who had lived in the city for less than three years. Next, it was the turn of apprentices, of families with up to four children, and those with less than six years residency. Last of all, it was the turn of the old Jewish settlers with large families and/or numerous employees, some of whom had lived in Moscow for forty years. Young Jewish women were made to register as prostitutes if they wanted to stay in the city.
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759:, was Sergei's maternal grandfather) and had known each other all their lives. There were hesitations on both sides and Elizabeth first rejected his proposal of marriage. Queen Victoria, who had anti-Russian sentiments, opposed the marriage of her motherless granddaughter. Elizabeth and her sisters were not pressured into following political marriages; they were allowed to follow their own inclination. After the couple spent some time together at Schloss Wolfsgarten in Darmstadt in September 1883, Elizabeth agreed to marry him. Their engagement was announced publicly on 26 February 1884 when Sergei returned to visit her in Darmstadt. Upon her marriage, Princess Elizabeth took the name of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia. The wedding took place on 15 June 1884 in the
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1099:, noticed the children in the carriage and decided to call off their attack. To kill the Grand Duchess and the children would surely have sparked a wave of apprehension throughout the empire, and would have set back the revolutionary cause by years. Having had lunch with his wife at Nicholas Palace on 17 February, Sergei left unaccompanied for the Governor General's mansion. Because of the looming threat, Sergei had refused to take his adjutant, Alexei, since he was married and a father. The arrival of the Grand Duke's recognizable carriage, drawn by a pair of horses and driven by his coachman Andrei Rudinkin, alerted the terrorist who had been waiting in the Kremlin with a bomb wrapped in newspapers.
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households goods, all leaving voluntarily rather than face deportation. Sergei as governor-general was petitioned by the police commissioners to stop the expulsions until the weather conditions improved. While he agreed, the order was not published until the expulsions were over. Some of them moved to southern and western regions of the empire although there were many who decided to emigrate. In counting the cost, Moscow lost 100 million rubles in trade and production, 25,000 Russians employed by Jewish firms lost their livelihoods, while the manufacture of silk, one of the city's most lucrative industries, was all but wiped out.
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Sergei did not support the Tsar's security policies of vacillations and evasions. According to Marie
Pavlovna, "it appeared to my uncle little less than monstrous ... he expressed deep sorrow for the state of affairs in Russia, of the necessity for serious measures, and of the criminal weakness of the Tsar's ministers and councilors". Thoroughly disillusioned with the whole situation and deciding it was the right time to retire into private life, he informed the Tsar that new times needed new faces. After thirteen years of service, Sergei resigned from the governorship on 1 January 1905 and was succeeded by
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were being given out. Suddenly moving as one, that great body of people began to surge forward in the direction of the booths. As it did so, men, women and children, hundreds of whom had no idea what was happening, fell or slipped on the uneven ground and were crushed and trampled underfoot. Others suffocated in the mayhem. The police, far too few in numbers, were helpless to do much and even the
Cossacks when they arrived were unable to stop the catastrophe. One thousand three hundred people, many hideously mutilated and unrecognizable, were killed and twice that number were seriously injured.
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Adolescents; and the Moscow Department of the Russian Department Society of National Health Protection. In addition, he was a patron of organizations as diverse as the Moscow and Saint Petersburg Universities, The Printer's Mutual Aid Fund, the Society of Care for Aged Actors, the Pskov Non-Classical Secondary School, and Prince Nikola's Alm Houses. He was also chairman of the Academies of both Arts and Science, the Moscow Archeological Society, the Society of Agriculture, the Russian Musical Society, the Historical Museum in Moscow, and the Moscow Theological Academy among others.
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and the Nevsky
Prospekt, a short drive from his former apartments in the Winter Palace. The Beloselsky Belozersky mansion, bought by Sergei to live with his wife, was renamed Sergeivsky Palace. The couple also had Ferme, a villa located in the grounds of Peterhof that Sergei had inherited from his mother. They usually entertained at Ilinskoe during the summer months, with guests occupying various wooden villas dotted around the park. There was also Usovo, a substantial stone and brick house with an innovative central heating, that Sergei had built on the opposite bank of the Moskva River.
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days later. Kalyayev, who by his own testimony had expected to die in the explosion, survived. Sucked into the vortex of the explosion, he ended up by the remains of the rear wheels. His face was peppered by splinters, pouring with blood. Kalyayev was immediately arrested, sentenced to death, and hanged two months later. The Grand
Duchess rushed to the scene of the explosion. Stunned but perfectly controlled, she gave instructions, and, kneeling in the snow, helped to gather up Sergei's remains. The remains were placed on a stretcher and covered with an army greatcoat.
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675:, a condition he strove to conceal, but it caused all his joints to waste away. He had to take salts and hot baths to get some relief. He could not ride a horse and had to wear a spinal corset at all times. He stood very straight and had a habit of playing with one of his jeweled rings, turning it around his finger. He kept his feelings rigidly in check, and many mistook his reserve for pride. Few had the chance to know him well. He was noted for his adherence to the Church, took a deep interest in Russian antiques and art treasures, and was interested in
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907:, on the outskirts of Moscow, was where the distribution was held since the coronation of Tsar Alexander II. The choice was questionable, as the field was normally used as a military training ground and was crisscrossed with ditches. Nevertheless, Sergei, as Governor General approved the plans. Although a crowd of nearly half a million was expected from all over Russia, only one squadron of Cossacks and a small detachment of police were sent to maintain order.
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rarely ventured outside. At home, they only received their closest friends. Like his father, Alexander II, Sergei was firm of the belief that unless it was the will of God, no attempt on his life would succeed. If it were the will of God, no amount of security would prevent it. One precaution he did take was for the benefit of his adjutants, whom he would no longer allow to travel with him.
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crowds who came long distances should not be disappointed and that the tightly scheduled events for foreign dignitaries not be slighted and should go forward. There was also division among the
Romanov family as to whether Grand Duke Sergei should have resigned. Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich and his brothers called for his resignation, while Sergei's own brothers Grand Dukes
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have not survived, and the evidence that does exist in the Moscow State
Archives, the most important repository of Romanov papers, is open to interpretation. Contrary to this belief, the marriage was happy, in its own way. Unusually for royal couples, they slept in the same bed for all of their married life. Forced to defend Sergei against rumors of discord,
980:. Because Sergei was devoted to the policies of his nephew, the Tsar regarded him as a useful counterweight to some of his ministers and officials and would always readily take his side. When, in 1896, disturbances broke out in the universities, Nicholas II was grateful for his prompt action and that of the authorities that quickly restored order.
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687:, remembered him: "Dry, nervous, short of speech, impatient, he had none of the rather careless good humor of his three elder brothers ... but for all that we loved him, felt irresistibly attracted to him, hard though he could be. Few perhaps cherish his memory, but I do." Many other family members, including his nephew
1156:, where she dedicated herself to the care of Moscow's poor and suffering. Part of the obligations of the sisters of the Martha and Mary convent was to make an annual pilgrimage to the sepulchral church in memory of the Grand Duke on the day of his repose, 4 February. Elizabeth Feodorovna was murdered during the
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Elizabeth spent all the days before the burial in ceaseless prayer. On her husband's tombstone she wrote: "Father, release them, they know not what they do." She understood the words of the
Gospels heart and soul, and on the eve of the funeral she demanded to be taken to the prison where Kalyayev was
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Following his resignation, Grand Duke Sergei moved to the
Neskuchnoye Palace with his wife and foster children. Shortly thereafter, they moved to the Nicholas Palace within the safety of the Kremlin, under the cover of night. Sergei took every precaution advised by his detectives. Sergei and his wife
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and the country was in turmoil. As discontent and demonstration multiplied, so did the pressure on Sergei to maintain order. He was of the opinion that only the utmost severity could put an end to the revolutionary ferment, but in the wake of civil disorder Nicholas II was forced to make concessions.
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From the 1870s, Sergei and his younger brother Paul were kept in Russia by their studies. They were destined to follow a military career, but their tutor, Admiral Arseniev, encouraged Sergei's linguistic, artistic, and musical abilities. He was fluent in several languages and learned Italian in order
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A great deal of controversy around Sergei Alexandrovich has centered on the nature of his personal life. Conjecture about the perhaps unhappy nature of the relationship with his wife has abounded. Sergei's marriage is barely documented. His private papers, including his correspondence with his wife,
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They spent their honeymoon in Ilinskoye, Sergei's 2,400-acre (9.7 km) country estate forty miles west of Moscow on the left bank of the Moskva River, that he inherited from his mother. The couple later settled in Saint Petersburg in a mansion occupying the southeast corner of the Fontanka Canal
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was built on the site. The burial crypt of the Grand Duke was located in a courtyard of that building, which had been used as a parking lot. In 1990, building workers in the Kremlin discovered the blocked up entrance of the burial vault. The coffin was examined and found to contain the Grand Duke's
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On impact, the carriage horses had bolted towards the Nikolsky Gate, dragging with them the front wheels and coachbox as well as the semi-conscious and badly burned driver, Rudinkin, whose back had been riddled with bits of bomb and stones. He was rushed to the nearest hospital, where he died three
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Sergei's enigmatic personality and harsh manners made him appear arrogant and disagreeable. Shy by nature, he dreaded personal contact. When courtesy demanded a handshake, he solved the problem by wearing a white glove. Puritan and humourless, at least in public, he had a total disregard for public
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Although Sergei was often condemned as a complete reactionary during his governorship, according to his brother-in-law Ernest, Grand Duke of Hesse, he wanted and strove for improvements, which angered conservatives, but blocked revolutionary reforms, which infuriated radicals, because he considered
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The coronation ceremonies of the new Emperor and his wife, as tradition demanded, took place in Moscow and Sergei as Governor General of the City was in charge of overseeing the arrangements. As part of the preparations, Sergei had introduced the novelty of electric light to Moscow. Towards the end
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in the original. His interest in Italian art and culture intensified as he grew older. He painted well and was musical, playing the flute in an amateur orchestra. He enjoyed acting and steeped himself in the early history, culture, and traditions of Russia. He liked to read and in time came to know
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bomb directly into Sergei's lap. The explosion disintegrated the carriage and the Grand Duke died immediately. Scattered all over the bloodstained snow lay pieces of scorched cloth, fur, and leather. The body of the Grand Duke was mutilated, with the head, the upper part of the chest, and the left
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Early in the morning of 30 May 1896, families began to gather outside the frail wooden fence that protected the field, watching carts laden with beer, and the eagerly sought after gifts. Around 6 am, a rumor swept through the massive crowd that the booths had already opened and the souvenirs
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Tsar Alexander III died on 1 November 1894 and his son Nicholas II ascended to the Russian throne. The relationship between Grand Duke Sergei and his nephew, who had served under his command in the Preobrazhensky Life Guard Regiment, was close and it became stronger with Nicholas II's marriage to
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punned: "Moscow used to stand on seven hills, and now it has to stand on one hillock" – (the Russian word for 'hillock' sounding similar to the French word for bugger). Some reports suggest his sexuality might have conflicted with his intense religious beliefs and the expectations of his position.
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While shy and reserved, he made no secret of his disapproval of fashionable society and its lax ways, and he defied all criticism. He found it hard to cope with opposition and easily lost his temper. In his home, he demanded tidiness, order, and discipline, and he expected to be obeyed. His niece,
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and Sergei asked for and obtained the guardianship of his niece and nephew. As a foster father, Sergei was strict and demanding, but devoted and affectionate towards the children. Nevertheless, Maria and Dimitri resented their aunt and uncle, blaming them for the forced separation from their real
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Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich started a military career early in his life. He was from birth colonel-in-chief of the 38th Tobolsk Infantry Regiment; he also became colonel-in-chief of the 2nd Battalion Guards Rifles and, towards the end of his life, Colonel-in-Chief of the 5th Kievsky Grenadier
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adored him and called him "an exceptionally nice young man... and can be recommended one very possible way, not because he is my brother, but because he is an exception among princes." As time passed and the Empress's health made it necessary for her to avoid the harsh Russian climate, they spent
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closed ranks supporting him and threatened to retire from public life if Sergei was made the scapegoat for the Khodynka tragedy. Ultimately, Sergei offered to resign while Vorontzov-Dashkov did not. In the end, the Tsar did not support a thoroughly proposed investigation, the Chief of Police was
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and his brothers, thought that the remaining festivities should be canceled. On the other hand, Sergei Alexandrovich and his brothers thought that a historical event, such as a coronation, should not be disrupted or marred by a conspicuous period of mourning. The latter opinion believed that the
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During the expulsion, homes were surrounded by mounted Cossacks in the middle of the night while policemen ransacked every house. In January 1892, in a temperature of 30 degrees below zero, Brest station was packed with Jews of all ages and sexes, all in rags and surrounded by meager remnants of
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While Grand Duke Sergei had not directly participated in the planning for Khodynka Field, he was blamed for the lack of foresight and as Governor-General, held as ultimately responsible. However, he did not assume his part of the responsibility for the tragedy. He laid the blame on others, most
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The vice-regal role of Governor-General ruling Prince of Moscow was one that was answerable only to the emperor. Grand Duke Sergei was a political hardliner who shared his brother's inalienable belief in strong, nationalist government. Sergei's tenure began with the expulsion of Moscow's 20,000
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Welfare organizations and charities always attracted Sergei's attention and he became either chairman or patron of scores of them. He was, for example, chairman of the Moscow Society for the Care, Upbringing, and Education of Blind Children; of the Society for Homeless, Neglected Children, and
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To meet the needs of students, Sergei ordered the start of the construction of new dormitories in the city. At the same time, however, severe restrictions were imposed on the students and professors in the universities as a part of the state's policy of conspiracy prevention and elimination of
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wrote that Sergei "was always surrounded by compartively young men, who were excessively affectionate towards him." In her memoirs, Countess Lily de Nostitz said: "It was well known that the Grand Duke Sergei was one of those unhappy men cursed with the failing of loving only their own sex."
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774:, and the Tsar trusted Sergei more than his other brothers. In 1886, Alexander III appointed him commander of the Preobrazhensky Life Guard Regiment, entrusting him with introducing the Tsarevich (the future Nicholas II) to army life. Sergei and Ella represented Russia in 1887 during
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and repressed a student movement to prevent the spread of revolutionary ideas. Because of this, he was often regarded as a reactionary. In 1894 Grand Duke Sergei was made a member of the State Council. In 1896 he was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed as commander of
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left a damaging description about him: "Try as I will", he wrote, "I cannot find a single redeeming feature in his character… Obstinate, arrogant, disagreeable, he flaunted his many peculiarities in the face of the entire nation…". Later writers have accused him of sadism.
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dedicated to the upkeep of Orthodox shrines in the Holy Land and the provision of services to Russian pilgrims. He became its chairman, and his status as patron of the Russian presence in Jerusalem is believed to have given him more pleasure than any of his other duties.
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in Jerusalem built in memory of Empress Maria Alexandrovna. By 1892, eight years into the marriage, Sergei was already certain that they would not have children and he left a will making the children of his brother Paul his heirs after his and his wife's deaths.
1031:, often joined their household, spending Christmases and later some summer holidays with Sergei and his wife. The couple set aside a playroom and bedrooms for the youngsters at their home. In 1902, Paul was banished from living in Russia after he contracted a
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of Moscow. Although it was a great honour, Grand Duke Sergei accepted his new appointment with reluctance. He had hoped to stay longer in command of the Preobrazhensky, where he was popular; and he and his wife loved the quiet life they were living in
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father, who had abandoned them. While Sergei had their best interests at heart, his preoccupation with the smallest detail of their education and upbringing were not appealing to the two difficult adolescents, especially the obstinate Maria.
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within the precincts of the Moscow Kremlin. A memorial cross, created from public donations, was erected on the spot where he was killed in 1908. After the downfall of the Romanovs, the cross was destroyed with the personal participation of
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wrote about them: "she and my uncle seemed never very intimate. They met for the most part only at meals and by day avoided being alone together. They slept, however, up to the last year of their life together, in the same great bed."
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in 1918, together with many other Romanov relatives. Her body and that of a fellow nun was smuggled to China and eventually reached Jerusalem. The wooden coffins were met at the railway station by the deputy British governor,
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The night of the tragedy Tsar Nicholas II, for diplomatic reasons, attended a ball in honor of the French; because of that, his reputation also suffered for what was perceived to be his lack of sympathy for the victims.
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George, for courage and bravery in action with the enemy, for a reconnaissance expedition at Kara Loma near Koshev. At the end of December 1877, Sergei Alexandrovich returned to Saint Petersburg with his father.
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The diary of prominent St. Petersburg hostess Alexandra Bogdanovich refers to Sergei's alleged affairs with his aide-de-camps Martynov and Balyasny; while after Sergei was appointed Governor of Moscow, Count
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At twenty-six, the fair-haired Grand Duke was reserved, intelligent, well-read and refined. Over six feet tall, his extremely slim figure was accentuated by a corset, worn in the manner of Prussian officers.
346:, appointed him commander of the 1st Battalion Preobrazhensky Life Guard Regiment, a position he held until 1891. In 1889, Grand Duke Sergei was promoted to the rank of major general. In 1884, Sergei married
604:, was assassinated by terrorists. Sergei was then in Italy with his brother Paul and Admiral Arseniev. Three months later, in June 1881, the Grand Duke went to Palestine accompanied by Paul and his cousin
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in Saint Petersburg. By the time Sergei was born, his mother was already in declining health. Although she was not a particularly affectionate mother, except to her daughter, her three youngest children,
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From 1882 on, Sergei's military career, which occupied an increasing amount of his time in Saint Petersburg and on maneuvers at Krasnoe Selo, advanced still further. On 15 January 1882, his brother,
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Emperor Alexander III adopted a policy of repression, and he wanted a like mind at the helm of Imperial Russia's second city and former capital. Thus, in spring 1891, the tsar appointed Sergei as
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into Senatskaya Square. From a distance no more than four feet (1.2 m) away and still some 60 feet (18 m) inside the Nikolsky Gate, Ivan Kalyayev stepped forward and threw a
636:. He became the commanding officer in the village of Preobrazhenskoy. Sergei commanded this regiment until 1891, when his brother the Emperor appointed him Governor-General of Moscow.
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shoulder and arm blown off and completely destroyed. Some of the Grand Duke's fingers, still adorned with the rings he habitually wore, were found on the roof of a nearby building.
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outside Darmstadt and winters in the South of France. A family tragedy hit them there. In April 1865, shortly before Sergei's eighth birthday, his eldest brother and godfather
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628:, the elite regiment founded by Peter the Great, with the rank of colonel. Seven years later, he was promoted to the rank of major general. On 26 February 1891, he was made
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opinion. He never seemed to be at ease with himself and others. He became a focus for serious opponents of the regime as well as for malicious gossip. His cousin
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1877, the Grand Duke took the solemn oath of allegiance to the Emperor. An educational tour that had been proposed for him was postponed upon the outbreak of the
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3521:"Edvard Radzinsky. The Last Tsar: The Life and Death of Nicholas II. Translated by Marian Schwartz. New York: Doubleday, 1992. 462 pp. Illustrations. $ 25.00"
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remains, covered with the military greatcoat of the Kiev regiment, decorations, and an icon. He had left written instructions that he was to be buried in the
719:. Emperor Alexander II had hoped that at least one of his sons would marry a princess of Hesse as he had done. Sergei eventually chose as his bride Princess
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Between 1891 and 1905, Grand Duke Sergei served as Governor-General of Moscow. His reputation was initially tarnished as he was partially blamed for the
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Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich (right) with his brother Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich (center, smoking) on 14 May 1896, coronation of Nicholas II
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Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia with his foster children: Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna Jr. and Grand Duke Dimitri Pavlovich
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uniform, but as his body was so badly mutilated this proved impossible. In 1995, the coffin was officially exhumed, and after a
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had started a new family with his mistress and Sergei sided with his neglected mother in the breaking of the family's harmony.
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Deeply affected by the Grand Duke's death, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna retired from the royal family and founded the
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Grand Duke Sergei's education gave him lifelong interests in culture and the arts. Like all male members of the
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Zeepvat, Charlotte. Romanov Autumn: stories from the last century of Imperial Russia. Sutton Publishing, 2000.
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in aid of Elizabeth Feodorovna's Red Cross War charities. A terrorist organization that knew his route, the
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was devoted to her husband and treasured his memory after his death. Sergei's niece and foster-daughter
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of the festivities, according to custom, every newly crowned Tsar presented gifts to the populace;
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With his closely cropped hair and neat beard, Sergei Alexandrovich cut an impressive figure. When
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4088:
Miller, Ilana. Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich. Published in The Grand Dukes. Eurohistory, 2010.
1075:
402:. After thirteen years of service, Grand Duke Sergei resigned from the Governorship on 1 January
3643:
4610:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
4603:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
4193:
4182:
4168:
4153:
4135:
4120:
4106:
4089:
4078:
4063:
4046:
4032:
4014:
3997:
3983:
3966:
3861:
3720:
3680:
3563:
3540:
2745:
1952:
1879:
1836:
1787:
1759:
1559:
1497:
1273:
1197:
1157:
1095:'s combat detachment, had planned to assassinate him that day. However, one of their members,
977:
821:
809:
521:
496:
3761:
581:. On 12 October, following the battle of Meyk, the Emperor decorated him with the Order of St
4294:
4055:
3755:
3717:
Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers
3532:
2500:
2025:
1611:
1543:
1519:
1185:
1149:
1132:
1111:
1103:
881:
835:
830:
633:
629:
439:
382:
331:
297:
182:
131:
926:
4243:
3975:
3838:
3661:
2699:
1648:
1353:
1170:
1088:
846:. It started four weeks before he arrived in person, after the publication of an imperial
740:
512:
3597:
366:. Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and his wife promoted the marriage of Sergei's nephew,
778:
and in 1888, they were sent to the Holy Land on the occasion of the consecration of the
1962:
1755:
1492:
1225:
1190:
1107:
904:
864:
775:
474:
470:
443:
351:
171:
159:
143:
139:
135:
4624:
1923:
1115:
1096:
1061:
760:
736:
525:
478:
4736:
Bailiffs Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
3743:(in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1898, pp. 3, 6 – via hathitrust.org
960:
1582:
862:
revolutionary ideas. This made Sergei Alexandrovich very unpopular in Moscow among
851:
800:
707:
679:, music and acting and sometimes chairing meetings of the Archaeological Congress.
672:
524:, whose work the Grand Duke read and admired. He met Dostoevsky over dinner at the
504:
430:
Grand Duke Sergei with his parents and his sister, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna
3674:
1720:
1669:
796:
676:
517:
386:
367:
316:
3886:
406:
1905, though he remained head of the Moscow Military District. Targeted by the
1808:
1162:
570:
3544:
3520:
1102:
Just before 14:45, the carriage of the Grand Duke passed through the gate of
3536:
1206:
609:
1056:
1891:
566:
304:; 11 May 1857 – 17 February 1905) was the fifth son and seventh child of
4202:
3776:
671:
His health was seriously compromised as he suffered from osteoarticular
311:. He was an influential figure during the reigns of his brother Emperor
2692:
1463:
1403:
792:
578:
574:
411:
250:
3828:
Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
1048:. However, he continued as commander of the Moscow military district.
19:"Sergei Romanov" redirects here. For other people with this name, see
4596:
of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
1918:
1911:
1554:
446:. He was the seventh child and fifth son among the eight children of
191:
163:
4593:
3654:
1175:
1074:
1066:
1055:
1010:
959:
925:
847:
820:
711:
Grand Duke Sergei and his wife, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna
706:
643:
535:
456:
425:
3624:
Russian Imperial Army – Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia
3623:
3058:Полян П.М. Не по своей воле/Polyan P. Not by the free will, p. 26
934:
After the tragedy, many members of the Romanov family, headed by
410:, he was assassinated later that year by a terrorist bomb at the
4117:
A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandra Their Own Story Dukes
3435:
3433:
3431:
3391:
3389:
1896:
1019:
Although their marriage remained childless, the two children of
984:
them impractical or thought that Russia was not ready for them.
843:
553:. Sergei took part in the war with his father and brothers, the
394:
4676:
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
4206:
319:, who was also his brother-in-law through Sergei's marriage to
434:
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich was born on 11 May [
1144:. Learn to look the advancing revolution right in the face."
1039:
By the end of 1904, Russia had suffered disastrously in the
3700:
Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha
699:, included their good impressions of him in their memoirs.
4716:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
1087:
On 15 February 1905, the family attended a concert at the
461:
Grand Duke Sergei with his younger brother Grand Duke Paul
342:
for courage and bravery in action. In 1882, his brother,
4075:
Elizabeth and Sergei: A Story of Love, A History of Lies
3702:(1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden"
3679:(in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 468.
3560:
The Martha and Mary Convent and Rule of Saint Elizabeth
1742:
Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig
715:
In 1881 there had been talks of a possible marriage to
4726:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
2001:
Ancestors of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia
1184:
Grand Duke Sergei's body was buried in a crypt of the
948:
dismissed, and Grand Duke Sergei retained his office.
516:
many of Russia's great writers personally, among them
334:, he followed a military career, and he fought in the
4731:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
3375:
3373:
3081:
3079:
3077:
469:, from whom he was inseparable, and their sister at
4706:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
4565:
4547:
4524:
4466:
4365:
4334:
4303:
4287:
4266:
4250:
3930:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg
2973:Bouton de Fernandez-Azabal, Countess Lilie (1937).
565:. He spent the greater part of his time serving as
490:, were close to her and especially to one another.
385:during the festivities following the coronation of
281:
271:
261:
249:
235:
199:
177:
149:
118:
114:
100:
90:
76:
57:
30:
4721:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
1196:Chudov Monastery was demolished in 1928, and the
438:29 April] 1857 in the Zubov wing of the
4588:born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
717:Princess Caroline Mathilde of Schleswig-Holstein
3855:"พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ที่ประเทศยุโรป"
3596:Pavel Golovkin, Associated Press (4 May 2017),
3294:Pavlovna Romanova, Grand Duchess Maria (1930).
624:, appointed him commander of the 1st Battalion
545:Regiment. On his twentieth birthday on 29 April
4711:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
3719:. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 517.
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3359:
3357:
3172:
3170:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
2924:
2922:
2840:
2838:
2684:
2682:
1961:Commemoration Medal for the Golden Jubilee of
1368:Commemoration Medal for the Golden Jubilee of
733:Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
596:died in June 1880, and in March 1881 Alexander
4671:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
4218:
3754:Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898).
2908:
2906:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2722:
2720:
612:and the sacred sites. He helped to found the
8:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2622:
2620:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2531:
2529:
1636:: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion
1317:Silver Commemorative Medal for the Reign of
540:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich in his youth
528:where he was invited by Sergei's professor.
454:, née Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.
725:Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
4225:
4211:
4203:
4060:The Romanovs: Autocrats of All the Russias
3298:. Blue Ribbon Books, New York. p. 17.
2294:Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
2006:
1997:
1327:Commemorative Medal for the Coronation of
770:The couple was close to Alexander III and
753:Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
36:
27:
2388:Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden
2268:Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
2230:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia
1222:memorial cross was restored in a ceremony
648:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia
378:, Elisabeth's youngest surviving sister.
294:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia
4686:People of the Russian Revolution of 1905
4130:Perry, John and Pleshakov, Constantine.
4115:Maylunas, Andrei and Mironenko, Sergei.
2940:
2938:
1180:Rededication of the memorial, 4 May 2017
968:In 1894 Sergei was made a member of the
885:
348:Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine
206:Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine
3793:
3791:
3784:(in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
3760:. Unione tipografico-editrice. p.
3619:
3617:
2512:
356:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia
4408:Grand Duke Konstantine Konstantinovich
3757:Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia
3634:
3632:
3562:. Holy Trinity Monastery. p. 47.
2367:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2204:Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2125:
2084:Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemburg
2015:
2011:
606:Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich
232:
4651:People from Pushkin, Saint Petersburg
4418:Grand Duke Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
2962:. New York: M.E. Sharpe. p. 240.
2443:
2433:
2429:
2417:
2411:
2401:
2385:
2375:
2371:
2355:
2349:
2339:
2323:
2313:
2309:
2297:
2291:
2281:
2265:
2255:
2251:
2227:
2217:
2201:
2191:
2187:
2175:
2169:
2159:
2143:
2133:
2129:
2113:
2107:
2097:
2081:
2071:
2067:
2055:
2049:
2039:
2023:
2019:
1796:Service Medal for Officers (25 years)
976:and appointed as Commander of Moscow
7:
3830:(1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden"
3741:Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste
3676:Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009
2989:Tri poslednikh samoderzhtsa: Dnevnik
2740:Balsan, Consuelo Vanderbilt (2011).
2352:Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
1982:Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown
1213:, it was reburied in a vault of the
825:Grand Duke Sergei and his wife, 1892
729:Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
221:
4403:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich
3799:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste"
3519:Kulikowski, Mark (1 January 1993).
1725:Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
1428:Order of Noble Bukhara, in Diamonds
930:Victims of the stampede at Khodynka
614:Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society
473:, the family's Crimean retreat, at
4746:Children of Alexander II of Russia
4641:1905 murders in the Russian Empire
4479:Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich
4347:Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich
4242:The generations are numbered from
4043:Elizabeth: Grand Duchess of Russia
3507:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3487:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3423:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3310:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3282:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3269:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3217:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3204:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3162:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3131:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3100:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3069:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
3047:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2991:, A.V. Bogdanovicha, Moscow 1924.
2898:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2885:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2872:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2859:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2846:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2830:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2817:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2804:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2728:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2712:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2674:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2661:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2648:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2612:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2594:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2581:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2555:Ella: Princess, Saint & Martyr
2446:Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
2326:Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
1901:Order of the Royal House of Chakri
1831:Grand Cross of the Star of Romania
1525:Grand Cross of the Seal of Solomon
731:. She was an older sister of both
626:Preobrazhensky Life Guard Regiment
600:II, who had married his mistress,
577:. He was consequently promoted to
14:
4661:House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
4448:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
4413:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich
4383:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
3296:Education of a Princess: A Memoir
2977:. London: Heinemann. p. 118.
1634:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1203:Preobrazhensky Lifeguard regiment
990:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
666:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
573:under the Tsarevich in southeast
503:, the heir to the crown, died in
4489:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
4433:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
4373:Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich
4316:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
4165:Ella: Princess, Saint and Martyr
2146:Frederick William III of Prussia
1970:
1953:Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath
1938:
1917:
1910:
1890:
1872:
1850:
1816:
1802:
1766:
1748:
1730:
1713:
1695:
1676:Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown
1663:
1641:
1626:
1604:
1569:
1553:
1531:
1512:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1456:
1438:
1414:
1396:
1378:
1346:
1217:in Moscow on 17 September 1995.
936:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
850:by the Minister of the Interior
749:Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh
72:1891 – 17 February 1905
4656:People from Tsarskoselsky Uyezd
4538:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich
4515:Grand Duke John Konstantinovich
4504:Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich
4494:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
4484:Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
4438:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
4423:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
4393:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
4388:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
4352:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
3949:Alexander, Grand Duke of Russia
3891:(in Swedish), 1881, p. 378
1862:Grand Cross of the White Falcon
1224:that was attended by President
1198:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1135:, during the trial of Kalyayev:
964:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
776:Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
751:, who married his older sister
217:
31:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
21:Sergei Romanov (disambiguation)
4574:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
4532:Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
4499:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich
4458:Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich
4453:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich
4443:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
4357:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
2786:Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich
2628:Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich
2537:Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich
1885:Grand Cross of the White Eagle
1811:: Order of the August Portrait
1744:, with Golden Crown and Collar
1256:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
1165:, and taken for burial at the
972:. In 1896, he was promoted to
921:Ministry of the Imperial Court
917:Ilarion Count Voronzov-Dashkov
791:It was likely that Sergei was
1:
4398:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
4099:Marie,Grand Duchess of Russia
3851:Royal Thai Government Gazette
3715:M. Wattel; B. Wattel (2009).
2960:Memoirs of Count Sergei Witte
2689:Portrait of a Duke, Tom Segev
2172:Princess Charlotte of Prussia
1431:Order of the Sun of Alexander
1142:Socialist Revolutionary Party
1110:and turned the corner of the
1093:Socialist Revolutionary Party
757:Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse
685:Marie, Queen of the Romanians
47:
4556:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
4428:Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
4326:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
4077:. Royal Russia. N 10, 2016.
4031:, Citadel Press Book, 1994.
3655:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
2414:Princess Wilhelmine of Baden
1842:Crossing of the Danube Cross
1835:Commemoration Medal for the
1451:Grand Cross of St. Alexander
602:Princess Catherine Dolgoruki
551:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78
336:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78
241:Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov
4741:Burials at Chudov Monastery
4681:Governors-general of Moscow
4509:Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich
4181:, Sutton Publishing, 2004,
4152:, Sutton Publishing, 1999,
3996:Hilliard & Croft 2008,
3932:(1907), "Königliche Orden"
3558:Romanov, Elizabeth (1908).
2568:From Splendor to Revolution
1564:Grand Cross of the Redeemer
276:Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
4772:
4646:Deaths by explosive device
4258:Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
4132:The Flight of the Romanovs
4011:The Court of the Last Tsar
3982:, Harper & Row, 1971,
3472:Maylunas & Mironenko,
3439:Maylunas & Mironenko,
3408:Maylunas & Mironenko,
3395:Maylunas & Mironenko,
2946:The Flight of the Romanovs
2361:
2245:
2119:
2013:
1654:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1617:Knight of the Annunciation
1502:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
1360:Grand Cross of St. Stephen
1230:Patriarch Kirill of Moscow
1211:Cathedral of the Archangel
879:
60:Governor-General of Moscow
18:
4701:People murdered in Moscow
4691:Russian terrorism victims
4583:
4240:
3860:(in Thai). Archived from
2431:
2423:
2395:
2373:
2369:
2333:
2311:
2303:
2275:
2253:
2249:
2211:
2189:
2181:
2153:
2131:
2127:
2091:
2069:
2061:
2033:
2017:
1779:Knight of the Black Eagle
1762:, 1st Class with Diamonds
1592:Knight of the Golden Lion
1265:Knight of the White Eagle
1046:Dmitri Feodorovich Trepov
301:
240:
231:
110:
65:
35:
16:Russian noble (1857–1905)
4751:Sons of Russian emperors
4696:Murdered Russian royalty
4179:The Camera and the Tsars
3955:, Cassell, London, 1932.
3899:– via runeberg.org
3803:Preussische Ordens-Liste
3673:Jørgen Pedersen (2009).
3660:22 December 2010 at the
3602:Colorado Springs Gazette
2742:The Glitter and the Gold
1708:Order of Prince Danilo I
1283:Knight of St. Stanislaus
1220:On 4 May 2017, Sergei's
1167:Church of Mary Magdalene
780:Church of Mary Magdalene
693:Princess Marie of Greece
495:long sojourns abroad in
400:Moscow Military District
256:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
185:(original burial place)
4103:Education of a Princess
4045:, Da Capo Press, 1999,
3994:Most Beautiful Princess
3537:10.1163/187633193x00478
2744:. Hodder. p. 139.
1079:Remains of the carriage
416:1905 Russian Revolution
315:and his nephew Emperor
313:Alexander III of Russia
4163:Warwick, Christopher.
4150:The Romanovs 1818–1959
4105:, Viking Press, 1931;
3911:The Knights of England
3888:Sveriges statskalender
3640:Almanach de Gotha 1905
3381:The Romanovs 1818–1959
3349:The Romanovs 1818–1959
3336:The Romanovs 1818–1959
3323:The Romanovs 1818–1959
3243:The Romanovs 1818–1959
3230:The Romanovs 1818–1959
3087:The Romanovs 1818–1959
2975:Romance and Revolution
2958:Witte, Sergei (1990).
2773:Elizabeth & Sergei
2110:Alexander II of Russia
1928:Knight of the Seraphim
1652:: Grand Cordon of the
1468:Knight of the Elephant
1406:: Grand Cordon of the
1370:Emperor Franz Joseph I
1301:Knight of St. Vladimir
1236:Orders and decorations
1181:
1163:Sir Harry Charles Luke
1146:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1016:
965:
941:Vladimir Alexandrovich
931:
891:
826:
712:
662:Duchess of Marlborough
649:
541:
462:
448:Alexander II of Russia
431:
408:SR Combat Organization
376:Princess Alix of Hesse
309:Alexander II of Russia
266:Alexander II of Russia
4666:Grand dukes of Russia
4234:Grand Dukes of Russia
4134:, Basic Books, 1999,
4073:Mikhailova, Valeria.
1706:: Grand Cross of the
1542:: Grand Cross of the
1500:: Grand Cross of the
1319:Emperor Alexander III
1215:Novospassky Monastery
1179:
1137:
1078:
1070:
1059:
1014:
963:
929:
889:
824:
745:Nicholas II of Russia
710:
647:
539:
460:
429:
350:, a granddaughter of
188:Novospassky Monastery
4177:Zeepvat, Charlotte.
3909:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
3837:30 July 2019 at the
2944:Perry, Constantine,
2052:Nicholas I of Russia
1858:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1682:Military Merit Cross
1391:Knight of St. Hubert
1292:Knight of St. George
1247:Knight of St. Andrew
999:Elizabeth Feodorovna
945:Alexei Alexandrovich
640:A Russian Grand Duke
559:Grand Dukes Vladimir
302:Сергей Александрович
4146:Van der Kiste, John
4119:, Doubleday, 1997,
3959:Chavchavadze, David
3853:(22 January 1898).
2987:Bogdanovich, A.V.,
2698:3 June 2009 at the
1678:, with Crown in Ore
1581:Grand Cross of the
1329:Emperor Nicholas II
1033:morganatic marriage
1025:Grand Duchess Maria
658:Consuelo Vanderbilt
555:Tsarevich Alexander
450:and his first wife
360:Grand Duchess Maria
96:Vladimir Dolgorukov
3992:Croft, Christina.
3965:, Atlantic, 1989,
3474:A Lifelong Passion
3441:A Lifelong Passion
3410:A Lifelong Passion
3397:A Lifelong Passion
2566:Julia P. Gelardi,
1576:Hesse and by Rhine
1274:Knight of St. Anna
1182:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1041:Russo-Japanese War
1029:Grand Duke Dimitri
1017:
974:lieutenant general
966:
932:
892:
827:
817:Governor of Moscow
721:Elizabeth of Hesse
713:
650:
542:
463:
452:Maria Alexandrovna
432:
344:Tsar Alexander III
340:Order of St George
168:Moscow Governorate
4618:
4617:
4244:Peter I of Russia
4083:978-1-927604-20-5
4056:Lincoln, W. Bruce
4019:978-0-471-72763-7
3953:Once a Grand Duke
3726:978-2-35077-135-9
3686:978-87-7674-434-2
3598:"Russia Monument"
3256:Once a Grand Duke
3002:Dnevnik 1894–1896
2751:978-1-444-73098-2
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
1837:Russo-Turkish War
1760:Order of Osmanieh
1498:Ernestine duchies
1158:Russian Civil War
1071:The assassination
978:military district
810:Vladimir Lamsdorf
364:Grand Duke Dmitri
325:Empress Alexandra
291:
290:
245:
244:
4763:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4204:
4029:The Last Empress
3976:Cowles, Virginia
3936:
3927:
3921:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
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3883:
3877:
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3731:
3730:
3712:
3706:
3697:
3691:
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3670:
3664:
3652:
3646:
3638:Justus Perthes,
3636:
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3611:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3587:
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3574:
3573:
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3393:
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3326:
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2615:
2608:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2540:
2533:
2524:
2517:
2501:Russian Compound
2026:Paul I of Russia
2007:
1998:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1899:: Knight of the
1895:
1894:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1807:
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1771:
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1754:
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1733:
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1705:
1701:
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1668:
1667:
1666:
1658:8 September 1900
1651:
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1632:
1630:
1629:
1614:
1610:
1608:
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1574:
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1544:Legion of Honour
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1408:Order of Leopold
1402:
1400:
1399:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1186:Chudov Monastery
1150:Russian Orthodox
1133:Edvard Radzinsky
1112:Chudov Monastery
1104:Nikolskaya Tower
882:Khodynka Tragedy
876:Khodynka Tragedy
836:Saint Petersburg
831:governor general
772:Maria Feodorovna
723:, a daughter of
634:H. I. M. Retinue
630:adjutant general
599:
584:
548:
440:Catherine Palace
405:
390:
387:Emperor Nicholas
383:Khodynka Tragedy
371:
338:, receiving the
323:, the sister of
303:
286:Russian Orthodox
233:
225:
223:
219:
183:Chudov Monastery
156:
153:17 February 1905
132:Catherine Palace
128:
126:
106:Alexander Kozlov
103:
93:
70:
52:
49:
40:
28:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4587:
4579:
4566:10th generation
4561:
4543:
4520:
4462:
4361:
4330:
4299:
4283:
4262:
4246:
4236:
4231:
4013:, Wiley, 2006,
3963:The Grand Dukes
3945:
3940:
3939:
3928:
3924:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3839:Wayback Machine
3826:
3822:
3797:
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3781:
3774:
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3769:
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3739:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3662:Wayback Machine
3653:
3649:
3637:
3630:
3622:
3615:
3606:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3525:Russian History
3518:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3493:
3484:
3480:
3471:
3467:
3458:
3447:
3438:
3429:
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3394:
3387:
3379:Van der Kiste,
3378:
3371:
3362:
3355:
3347:Van der Kiste,
3346:
3342:
3334:Van der Kiste,
3333:
3329:
3321:Van der Kiste,
3320:
3316:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3279:
3275:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3249:
3241:Van der Kiste,
3240:
3236:
3228:Van der Kiste,
3227:
3223:
3214:
3210:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3106:
3097:
3093:
3085:Van der Kiste,
3084:
3075:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3044:
3021:
3012:
3008:
2999:
2995:
2986:
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2779:
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2739:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2718:
2709:
2705:
2700:Wayback Machine
2687:
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2534:
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2518:
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2509:
2497:
2492:
1995:
1990:
1971:
1969:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1916:
1909:
1889:
1873:
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1603:
1602:
1570:
1568:
1552:
1532:
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1511:
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1490:
1483:
1476:
1457:
1455:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1397:
1395:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1354:Austria-Hungary
1347:
1345:
1296:20 October 1877
1238:
1209:in the Kremlin
1171:Mount of Olives
1154:Martha and Mary
1129:
1089:Bolshoi Theatre
1054:
1021:Grand Duke Paul
958:
884:
878:
819:
789:
747:and a niece of
741:Empress consort
705:
642:
608:. They visited
597:
582:
546:
534:
532:Military career
424:
403:
388:
369:
332:Romanov dynasty
227:
215:
211:
208:
195:
186:
158:
154:
130:
124:
122:
101:
91:
83:
71:
66:
53:
50:
44:Sergey Levitsky
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4769:
4767:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4623:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4551:
4549:
4548:9th generation
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4525:8th generation
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4467:7th generation
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4366:6th generation
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4335:5th generation
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4304:4th generation
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4288:3rd generation
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4268:
4267:2nd generation
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4251:1st generation
4248:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4190:
4175:
4167:, Wiley, 2007
4161:
4143:
4128:
4113:
4096:
4086:
4071:
4053:
4039:
4022:
4004:
3990:
3973:
3956:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3922:
3902:
3878:
3842:
3820:
3787:
3767:
3746:
3732:
3725:
3707:
3692:
3685:
3665:
3647:
3628:
3613:
3588:
3584:Romanov Autumn
3575:
3568:
3550:
3531:(4): 320–322.
3511:
3491:
3478:
3465:
3445:
3427:
3414:
3401:
3385:
3369:
3365:Romanov Autumn
3353:
3340:
3327:
3314:
3301:
3286:
3273:
3260:
3247:
3234:
3221:
3208:
3195:
3182:
3178:Romanov Autumn
3166:
3148:
3135:
3117:
3113:Romanov Autumn
3104:
3091:
3073:
3060:
3051:
3019:
3015:Romanov Autumn
3006:
3004:, Vaduz, 1970.
3000:Lamsdorf V.N.,
2993:
2980:
2965:
2950:
2934:
2930:Romanov Autumn
2918:
2902:
2889:
2876:
2863:
2850:
2834:
2821:
2808:
2790:
2777:
2757:
2750:
2732:
2716:
2703:
2678:
2665:
2652:
2632:
2616:
2598:
2585:
2572:
2559:
2541:
2525:
2521:Romanov Autumn
2511:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
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2448:
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2438:
2435:
2434:
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2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2397:
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2391:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
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2360:
2357:
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2345:
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2335:
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2329:
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2322:
2319:
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2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
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2290:
2287:
2286:
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2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
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2270:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
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2239:
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2234:
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2222:
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2207:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2196:
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2182:
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2177:
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2161:
2160:
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2155:
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2152:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1963:Queen Victoria
1959:
1946:United Kingdom
1934:
1907:
1887:
1868:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1812:
1809:Persian Empire
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1788:Pour le Mérite
1785:
1763:
1756:Ottoman Empire
1745:
1727:
1710:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1660:
1637:
1623:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1589:
1566:
1550:
1527:
1508:
1474:
1453:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1410:
1393:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1309:30 August 1890
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1226:Vladimir Putin
1191:Vladimir Lenin
1128:
1125:
1053:
1050:
957:
954:
919:, head of the
905:Khodynka Field
877:
874:
865:intelligentsia
818:
815:
788:
785:
704:
701:
697:Prince Gabriel
641:
638:
533:
530:
475:Tsarskoye Selo
444:Tsarskoye Selo
423:
420:
352:Queen Victoria
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
253:
247:
246:
243:
242:
238:
237:
229:
228:
213:
209:
204:
203:
201:
197:
196:
181:
179:
175:
174:
172:Russian Empire
160:Moscow Kremlin
157:(aged 47)
151:
147:
146:
144:Russian Empire
140:St. Petersburg
136:Tsarskoye Selo
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
94:
88:
87:
78:
74:
73:
63:
62:
55:
54:
42:Photograph by
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4768:
4757:
4756:Sons of dukes
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
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4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4608:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4590:Alexander III
4586:
4585:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4552:
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4500:
4497:
4495:
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4487:
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4475:
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4459:
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4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
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4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4378:Alexander III
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4199:
4198:9780750923378
4195:
4191:
4188:
4187:0-7509-3049-7
4184:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:0-470-87063-X
4170:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:0-7509-2275-3
4155:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4140:0-465-02462-9
4137:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:0-385-48673-1
4122:
4118:
4114:
4112:
4111:1-4179-3316-X
4108:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4094:9780977196180
4091:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:0-385-27908-6
4065:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4051:0-7867-0678-3
4048:
4044:
4041:Mager, Hugo.
4040:
4038:
4037:0-8065-1761-1
4034:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:0-9559853-0-7
3999:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3988:0-06-010908-4
3985:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3971:0-938311-11-5
3968:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3890:
3889:
3882:
3879:
3867:on 8 May 2019
3863:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3805:(in German),
3804:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3775:刑部芳則 (2017).
3771:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3569:9780884650454
3565:
3561:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3144:The Romanovs
3139:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3082:
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3078:
3074:
3070:
3064:
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3055:
3052:
3048:
3042:
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3016:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2984:
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2976:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2914:The Romanovs
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2854:
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2809:
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2799:
2797:
2795:
2791:
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2774:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2753:
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2733:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
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2513:
2506:
2502:
2499:
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2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
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2459:
2457:
2456:
2453:
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2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:Sweden-Norway
1920:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1813:
1810:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1792:22 March 1879
1789:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1692:
1687:
1684:, 1st Class (
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1638:
1635:
1624:
1622:
1621:15 April 1881
1618:
1613:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1472:3 August 1876
1469:
1465:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:17 March 1896
1320:
1316:
1314:
1311:; 1st Class,
1310:
1307:; 3rd Class,
1306:
1303:, 4th Class,
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:, 4th Class,
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:, 1st Class,
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:, 1st Class,
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1131:According to
1126:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:nitroglycerin
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1097:Ivan Kalyayev
1094:
1090:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1063:
1062:Ivan Kalyayev
1058:
1052:Assassination
1051:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
981:
979:
975:
971:
970:State Council
962:
955:
953:
949:
946:
942:
937:
928:
924:
922:
918:
912:
908:
906:
900:
898:
897:Alix of Hesse
888:
883:
875:
873:
869:
867:
866:
859:
855:
853:
849:
845:
839:
837:
832:
823:
816:
814:
811:
805:
802:
798:
794:
786:
784:
781:
777:
773:
768:
764:
762:
761:Winter Palace
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:Alix of Hesse
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
709:
702:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
680:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
654:
646:
639:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:Alexander III
618:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
594:Empress Maria
591:
587:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
538:
531:
529:
527:
526:Winter Palace
523:
519:
514:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
486:, Sergei and
485:
480:
479:Winter Palace
477:, and at the
476:
472:
468:
459:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
428:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
401:
396:
392:
384:
379:
377:
373:
368:Tsar Nicholas
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:
299:
295:
287:
284:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
252:
248:
239:
234:
230:
207:
202:
198:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
99:
95:
89:
86:
82:
81:Alexander III
79:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4572:
4554:
4536:
4513:
4392:
4342:Alexander II
4178:
4164:
4149:
4131:
4116:
4102:
4074:
4059:
4042:
4028:
4010:
3993:
3980:The Romanovs
3979:
3962:
3952:
3943:Bibliography
3929:
3925:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3893:, retrieved
3887:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3862:the original
3845:
3827:
3823:
3806:
3802:
3777:
3770:
3756:
3749:
3740:
3735:
3716:
3710:
3699:
3695:
3675:
3668:
3650:
3639:
3626:(In Russian)
3605:, retrieved
3601:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3559:
3553:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3506:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3468:
3461:The Romanovs
3460:
3440:
3422:
3417:
3409:
3404:
3396:
3380:
3364:
3348:
3343:
3335:
3330:
3322:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3295:
3289:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3229:
3224:
3216:
3211:
3203:
3198:
3191:The Romanovs
3190:
3185:
3177:
3161:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3112:
3107:
3099:
3094:
3086:
3068:
3063:
3054:
3046:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2996:
2988:
2983:
2974:
2968:
2959:
2953:
2945:
2929:
2913:
2897:
2892:
2884:
2879:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2829:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2771:Mikhailova,
2741:
2735:
2727:
2711:
2706:
2673:
2668:
2660:
2655:
2647:
2627:
2611:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2536:
2520:
2515:
2229:
1985:
1957:21 June 1887
1956:
1932:19 July 1875
1931:
1904:
1865:
1791:
1790:(military),
1783:10 June 1871
1782:
1657:
1620:
1596:15 June 1884
1595:
1586:
1583:Ludwig Order
1548:20 June 1891
1547:
1505:
1471:
1363:
1333:13 June 1896
1332:
1322:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1287:11 June 1865
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1219:
1195:
1183:
1147:
1138:
1130:
1121:
1101:
1086:
1082:
1038:
1018:
1008:
995:
986:
982:
967:
950:
933:
913:
909:
901:
893:
870:
863:
860:
856:
852:Ivan Durnovo
840:
828:
806:
790:
769:
765:
739:, later the
714:
681:
673:tuberculosis
670:
655:
651:
619:
590:Alexander II
588:
543:
509:
464:
433:
380:
329:
293:
292:
194:(since 1995)
155:(1905-02-17)
102:Succeeded by
67:
25:
4636:1905 deaths
4631:1857 births
4474:Nicholas II
4311:Alexander I
3778:明治時代の勲章外交儀礼
3254:Alexander,
1978:Württemberg
1905:4 July 1897
1721:Netherlands
1670:Mecklenburg
1587:8 June 1857
1313:15 May 1893
1305:15 May 1883
1152:convent of
956:Controversy
915:notably on
801:Count Witte
677:archaeology
414:during the
317:Nicholas II
129:11 May 1857
92:Preceded by
85:Nicholas II
51: 1894
4625:Categories
4321:Nicholas I
4062:, Anchor,
4025:King, Greg
4007:King, Greg
3917:, London,
3809:, Berlin:
3582:Zeepvat,
3363:Zeepvat,
3176:Zeepvat,
3111:Zeepvat,
3013:Zeepvat,
2928:Zeepvat,
2519:Zeepvat,
2507:References
1844:(military)
1703:Montenegro
880:See also:
571:Leib Guard
522:Dostoevsky
422:Early life
125:1857-05-11
4279:Peter III
3895:6 January
3545:0094-288X
3509:, p. 219.
3505:Warwick,
3489:, p. 218.
3485:Warwick,
3476:, p. 260.
3463:, p. 651.
3459:Lincoln,
3443:, p. 259.
3425:, p. 217.
3421:Warwick,
3412:, p. 258.
3399:, p. 257.
3308:Warwick,
3280:Warwick,
3267:Warwick,
3215:Warwick,
3202:Warwick,
3189:Lincoln,
3160:Warwick,
3129:Warwick,
3098:Warwick,
3067:Warwick,
3045:Warwick,
2916:, p. 219
2896:Warwick,
2883:Warwick,
2870:Warwick,
2857:Warwick,
2844:Warwick,
2828:Warwick,
2815:Warwick,
2802:Warwick,
2726:Warwick,
2710:Warwick,
2672:Warwick,
2659:Warwick,
2646:Warwick,
2610:Warwick,
2592:Warwick,
2579:Warwick,
2553:Warwick,
1955:(civil),
1738:Oldenburg
1207:Panikhida
1127:Aftermath
1060:Assassin
895:Princess
787:Sexuality
610:Jerusalem
497:Jugenheim
321:Elisabeth
68:In office
4274:Peter II
3835:Archived
3658:Archived
3586:, p. 134
3383:, p. 172
3367:, p. 133
3351:, p. 171
3338:, p. 170
3325:, p. 204
3312:, p. 204
3284:, p. 157
3271:, p. 130
3258:, p. 139
3245:, p. 161
3232:, p. 162
3219:, p. 190
3206:, p. 189
3193:, p. 627
3180:, p. 130
3164:, p. 188
3146:, p. 246
3142:Cowles,
3133:, p. 167
3115:, p. 129
3102:, p. 166
3089:, p. 137
3071:, p. 165
3049:, p. 164
3017:, p. 128
2932:, p. 132
2912:Cowles,
2900:, p. 109
2887:, p. 101
2874:, p. 112
2861:, p. 118
2848:, p. 100
2788:, p. 135
2784:Miller,
2696:Archived
2630:, p. 134
2626:Miller,
2570:, p. 107
2539:, p. 141
2535:Miller,
2523:, p. 121
2495:See also
1993:Ancestry
1686:Schwerin
1520:Ethiopia
1446:Bulgaria
1241:National
797:bisexual
703:Marriage
567:Poruchik
511:to read
501:Nicholas
282:Religion
77:Monarchs
3644:page 80
3642:(1905)
2948:, p. 41
2832:, p. 83
2819:, p. 80
2806:, p. 79
2775:, p. 83
2730:, p. 99
2714:, p. 97
2693:Haaretz
2676:, p. 92
2663:, p. 90
2650:, p. 98
2614:, p. 89
2596:, p. 87
2583:, p. 86
2557:, p. 85
1824:Romania
1773:Prussia
1464:Denmark
1422:Bukhara
1404:Belgium
1386:Bavaria
1339:Foreign
1169:on the
1108:Kremlin
1106:of the
660:, then
632:of the
579:colonel
575:Romania
569:in the
518:Tolstoy
471:Livadia
412:Kremlin
374:, with
306:Emperor
298:Russian
226:
214:
210:
4295:Paul I
4196:
4185:
4171:
4156:
4138:
4123:
4109:
4092:
4081:
4066:
4049:
4035:
4017:
4000:
3986:
3969:
3919:p. 212
3817:, 1886
3723:
3683:
3566:
3543:
2748:
1975:
1943:
1880:Serbia
1877:
1855:
1821:
1753:
1735:
1718:
1700:
1646:
1631:
1609:
1560:Greece
1539:France
1536:
1517:
1461:
1443:
1419:
1401:
1383:
1351:
598:
583:
563:Alexei
547:
404:
389:
370:
362:, and
272:Mother
262:Father
220:
200:Spouse
192:Moscow
178:Burial
164:Moscow
4594:ukase
3934:p. 27
3871:8 May
3865:(PDF)
3858:(PDF)
3832:p. 15
3782:(PDF)
3704:p. 32
3607:7 May
1649:Japan
1612:Italy
1003:Maria
848:ukase
689:Kiril
513:Dante
492:Marie
484:Marie
251:House
236:Names
224:)
216:(
212:
58:48th
4194:ISBN
4183:ISBN
4169:ISBN
4154:ISBN
4136:ISBN
4121:ISBN
4107:ISBN
4090:ISBN
4079:ISBN
4064:ISBN
4047:ISBN
4033:ISBN
4015:ISBN
3998:ISBN
3984:ISBN
3967:ISBN
3897:2018
3873:2019
3721:ISBN
3681:ISBN
3609:2017
3564:ISBN
3541:ISSN
2746:ISBN
2444:15.
2386:14.
2324:13.
2266:12.
2202:11.
2144:10.
1986:1871
1897:Siam
1866:1873
1506:1878
1364:1874
1278:1857
1269:1857
1260:1857
1251:1857
1228:and
1027:and
943:and
844:Jews
735:and
727:and
695:and
561:and
557:and
520:and
505:Nice
488:Paul
467:Paul
436:O.S.
395:Jews
222:1884
150:Died
119:Born
4592:'s
3533:doi
2412:7.
2350:3.
2292:6.
2228:1.
2170:5.
2108:2.
2082:9.
2050:4.
2024:8.
795:or
793:gay
743:of
442:at
4627::
4148:.
4101:.
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4009:.
3978:.
3961:.
3951:.
3913:,
3815:15
3813:,
3801:,
3790:^
3762:54
3631:^
3616:^
3600:,
3539:.
3529:20
3527:.
3523:.
3494:^
3448:^
3430:^
3388:^
3372:^
3356:^
3169:^
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3076:^
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2905:^
2837:^
2793:^
2760:^
2719:^
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2681:^
2635:^
2619:^
2601:^
2544:^
2528:^
1984:,
1980::
1949::
1930:,
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1356::
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1023:,
838:.
799:.
763:.
691:,
418:.
391:II
372:II
358::
327:.
300::
218:m.
190:,
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4021:.
3915:I
3875:.
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3807:1
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23:.
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