4726:
259:
266:
284:
331:
635:
4363:
3129:
138:
621:
660:
1707:
4048:
1721:
3513:
2999:
36:
346:
2548:
was a center of the metalworking industry. The country's first car plant was built in 1895 in
Eisenach. Chemical industries, such as a paint factory, could also be found in Eisenach. Furthermore, there were a paper mill in Oberweimar and a toy factory in Ilmenau. Wicker-work was manufactured in the
1293:. In the case of Weimar, these were: Weimar and Apolda, in the case of Eisenach they were the Eisenach and Dermbach. In all, there were 31 cities and 594 municipalities in the Grand Duchy. The Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach granted "city" status to three localities in the state, namely
2153:
In 1909, general suffrage was introduced, under the auspices of Alfred
Appelius, the later Speaker of the Landtag. The large landowners and the "thousand thaler men" retained their extra votes, and five new special members were added to the parliament, representing the
318:
1308:
In 1840, there were 13 cities with over 2,000 inhabitants. In the 70 years to 1910, the Grand Duchy industrialized heavily and the population of the largest cities grew, while the medium-sized cities remained constant or even lost population. The population of
319:
2593:
The major transport centers were Weimar and
Eisenach. Many banks opened branch offices here. In 1895, there were 23 branch offices of savings banks in the grand duchy, and they were managing deposits totalling approximately 40 million
2277:
Until 1900, agriculture was the most important branch in the economy of the grand duchy. A total of 56% of the duchy's territory was used for agriculture, mainly in the districts Weimar and
Neustadt and the exclaves
4008:
3030:
2141:
from other sources. The latter group of voters were popularly called "thousand thaler men". The
Electoral Act of 17 April 1896 enlarged the parliament to 33 members. The grand duchy had one vote in the
2633:
were found in Weimar, Apolda, Jena, Eisenach, Neustadt and
Ilmenau. In 1895, there were 462 primary schools, and any child would receive at least four years of primary education. Large libraries of
4725:
1784:
3478:
2481:
factories). The glass industry was specialized in industrial glass (for example measuring devices such as thermometers in the area around
Ilmenau) and optical products, around Jena. In 1846,
736:
691:
4615:
2129:
Under the
Constitution of 5 May 1816 (revised 15 October 1850), Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was a constitutional monarchy, hereditary in the male line. Under the Electoral Act of 1852, the
1963:
1837:
4001:
3023:
1810:
4242:
2229:
1975:
1833:
2223:
2210:
2194:
283:
258:
4949:
330:
4752:
4532:
4209:
3964:
2041:
2241:
2235:
2033:
1960:
in
October 1817. Many liberal-minded people participated and the speakers, most of them students, must be regarded as having been among the earliest democrats in Germany.
474:
4964:
4954:
3994:
3016:
2161:
The highest court in the land was the Court of
Appeals in Jena, which dealt with appeals from all Thuringian states. There were Regional Courts in Weimar and Eisenach.
3471:
2188:
1764:
2198:
1768:
2182:
1780:
1752:
461:
167:
320:
4984:
1844:, a conjugal union which decisively promoted the rise of the Ernestine Saxe-Weimar dynasty. It also gave the duchy some protection during the turmoil of the
4959:
4608:
3464:
2836:
2806:
2432:
was also widespread. In 1892, there were 19,121 horses in the grand duchy, 119,720 cattle, 113,208 sheep, 122,974 pigs, 46,405 goats and 16,999 beehives.
5024:
4235:
4910:
4017:
1863:
After the official merger in 1809, the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach consisted of the separate districts around the capital Weimar in the north and
4715:
5019:
1748:
4999:
4989:
4974:
4601:
4301:
3128:
2766:
2703:
53:
1940:
The cosmopolitan Grand Duke Charles Augustus gave his grand duchy the first liberal constitution in Germany, on 5 May 1816. Students of the
4969:
4228:
289:
265:
2692:
General Charte von dem GroĂźherzogthume Weimar-Eisenach nach den besten vorhandenen HĂĽlfsmitteln entworfen und gezeichnet von C. F. Weiland
4504:
4394:
4389:
4181:
4074:
4069:
3599:
3594:
3263:
4699:
4674:
4669:
3487:
1979:
368:
2750:
189:
119:
4362:
3639:
2622:
748:
100:
4489:
4166:
3794:
3396:
2695:
2037:
72:
2829:
1618:
1437:
961:
345:
1829:
circle, which was supported in the background by Anna Amalia. Later regents would see it as main task to guard this heritage.
4694:
4328:
57:
4047:
79:
5014:
4707:
4624:
3311:
3306:
3192:
4886:
1930:
1902:
before the war and a directly administered French fief under occupation. It further gained smaller possessions, such as
2485:
found a precision engineering and optical company that quickly developed into a world leader. In 1917, the company had
4481:
4251:
4158:
3860:
3374:
2055:
William Ernest abdicated the throne on 9 November 1918, thereby ending the monarchy in the state. It continued as the
1853:
383:
86:
4896:
4306:
3512:
4979:
4823:
4815:
4659:
4473:
4150:
3847:
3384:
3202:
3176:
3040:
2822:
2113:
The Catholic and Jewish minorities in the district Eisenach lived mainly in the Rhön. The area around the town of
2022:
1995:
1857:
1814:
378:
363:
4846:
4499:
4352:
4176:
3929:
3547:
3411:
3077:
2147:
2143:
1756:
896:
150:
68:
2079:
faith was the most prevalent. Specifically, in 1895, the reported religious affiliations of the 339,217 were:
2010:
4994:
4881:
4871:
4399:
4297:
4293:
4079:
3901:
3809:
3604:
3349:
3342:
3171:
2998:
1978:(1818–1901), who was grand duke from 1853, also supported the arts, and music in particular. He was married to
1799:
868:
160:
154:
146:
4797:
2743:
Regenten-Tafeln Thüringischer Fürstenhäuser. Mit einer Einführung in die Geschichte der Dynastien in Thüringen
2458:(in the Eisenach district and around Ilmenau). The grand duchy's State Forestry Office was based in Eisenach.
1767:
reigned for only three years, and died at the age of 20. At the age of 18, he married the Brunswick Princess
4679:
4654:
4281:
2137:, four were elected by other wealthy landowners, and five by voters who had an annual income exceeding 1000
1934:
1818:
1605:
1417:
1234:
1221:
760:
431:
46:
2602:
2048:. However, many people continued to call it Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, to avoid confusion with the neighbouring
1798:
and the support of her ethical Minister Baron von Fritsch. As educator for her sons, she employed the poet
4876:
4841:
4564:
4494:
4336:
4171:
3954:
3924:
3891:
3406:
3337:
2736:, Landeskunde des Großherzogthums Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (in German), vol. 2, Weimar: Hermann Böhlau
2727:, Landeskunde des Großherzogthums Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (in German), vol. 1, Weimar: Hermann Böhlau
2442:
and in the Ilmenau exclave, where the grand duke's largest hunting ground was located on the banks of the
2133:
had 31 members, of whom 21 were elected in general elections. One member was elected by the landed former
1895:
1230:
892:
795:
171:
2557:. In 1895, there were 257 breweries in the grand duchy; the largest of these were in Apolda and Ilmenau.
1917:
4684:
4468:
4437:
4145:
4117:
3883:
3789:
3731:
3359:
3332:
3197:
3150:
2985:
2814:
2786:
2770:
2096:
In the district of Eisenach, the distribution was slightly different. Of the 95,226 inhabitants were:
1841:
3986:
3008:
2466:
A versatile array of manufacturing industries developed in the grand duchy. For example, in BĂĽrgel and
1139:
303:
2158:, the Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Trade, the Chamber of Agriculture and the Chamber of Labour
1879:
1874:
4833:
4782:
4639:
4384:
4379:
4310:
4064:
3916:
3739:
3723:
3584:
3579:
3401:
3391:
3238:
3233:
3098:
3093:
2969:
2905:
2865:
2516:
2267:
2165:
2006:
1887:
1803:
1566:
1367:
1254:
1037:
943:
815:
372:
4548:
2800:
1061:
In 1895, the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was administratively divided into three districts (
4787:
4664:
4332:
4289:
3747:
3563:
3243:
3166:
2937:
2497:
2018:
1899:
1772:
1314:
1302:
864:
581:
93:
17:
4427:
4324:
4271:
4266:
4107:
4032:
3629:
3542:
3532:
3527:
3456:
3316:
3067:
2626:
2614:
2155:
1991:
1941:
1868:
1849:
1822:
1131:
860:
852:
841:
The Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach consisted of three greater areas, each of which formed a
803:
727:
416:
2640:
volumes each were maintained in Weimar and Jena. In 1869, a State Museum was founded in Weimar.
2446:. About 50% of the forests were state-owned (450 km ). The dominant tree species were
2780:
1922:
5009:
4769:
4644:
4347:
4316:
4037:
3707:
3634:
3537:
3225:
3072:
2845:
2746:
2699:
2654:
2649:
2618:
2566:
2072:
2049:
1953:
1911:
1891:
1826:
1276:
927:
888:
876:
856:
771:
707:
426:
351:
4891:
4593:
3827:
3694:
3662:
3379:
3294:
2524:
2118:
1947:
1553:
1387:
1266:
1147:
995:
907:
884:
591:
1706:
308:
5004:
4422:
4220:
4102:
3837:
3817:
3799:
3678:
3670:
3647:
3502:
3418:
3369:
3284:
3279:
3114:
2443:
2134:
2014:
1971:
1845:
1744:
1720:
1002:
830:
740:
695:
393:
2945:
1867:
in the west. Thanks to their Russian connection, the duchy gained substantially from the
2470:, there were porcelain factories (in all, there were 39 such factories in the country).
4792:
4777:
4742:
4522:
4450:
4442:
4432:
4320:
4199:
4127:
4122:
4112:
3949:
3755:
3715:
3652:
3248:
2961:
2929:
2889:
2429:
2271:
1740:
1712:
1644:
1427:
1310:
1225:
1213:
1209:
969:
880:
872:
799:
719:
510:
4943:
3868:
3784:
3779:
3686:
3364:
3354:
3289:
3258:
2953:
2913:
2881:
2795:
2501:
2026:
1795:
1736:
965:
826:
752:
715:
640:
502:
387:
336:
2621:. There were several art and music schools in Weimar, and in Ilmenau, there was the
4580:
4571:
4460:
4340:
4285:
4137:
1270:
991:
910:; the southern and eastern parts were situated on the Ilm-Saale Plateau and in the
576:
1592:
1447:
1123:
317:
4371:
4056:
3253:
2873:
2857:
2574:
2532:
2435:
2415:
2287:
2259:
2076:
1987:
1967:
1907:
1903:
1732:
1667:
1301:(Eisenach district, 1886, administered jointly with the Duke of Saxe-Gotha) and
1294:
1285:
Furthermore, the districts of Weimar and Eisenach were each subdivided into two
1201:
1163:
1155:
1127:
811:
723:
711:
626:
506:
489:
35:
4862:
4734:
4514:
4191:
3589:
2897:
2630:
2595:
2493:
2482:
2439:
2283:
1691:
1238:
1177:
1119:
1054:
1048:
1043:
1032:
1026:
984:
819:
767:
535:
4925:
4912:
2625:, a privately owned university providing technical and scientific education.
2921:
2582:
2578:
2505:
2478:
2164:
The grand duchy had one infantry regiment, which after 1871 was part of the
2060:
1687:
1683:
1671:
1631:
1457:
1197:
1151:
1143:
787:
783:
653:
558:
2799:
2779:
2411:
923:
2714:
Geschichte des GroĂźherzogthums Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach fĂĽr Schule und Haus
3301:
3052:
2520:
2419:
2362:
2279:
2263:
1983:
1957:
1864:
1817:, with whom he soon became friends. Goethe, in turn, invited the authors
1724:
1579:
1501:
1407:
1347:
1193:
1173:
1135:
1115:
980:
915:
791:
779:
436:
1747:
since 1741, after the Eisenach line had died out upon the death of Duke
1662:
In 1910, several other towns had grown past the 2,000 inhabitants mark:
747:), but this name was rarely used. The grand duchy came to an end in the
4747:
4649:
4527:
4204:
3959:
2550:
2467:
2423:
2130:
1999:
1776:
1679:
1540:
1397:
1258:
1169:
1111:
1006:
976:
939:
935:
919:
848:
678:
4689:
4277:
2512:
2455:
2388:
2336:
2138:
1791:
1760:
1527:
1514:
1377:
1337:
1317:, when most of the city's Jewish citizens migrated to larger cities.
1288:
1103:
1099:
1018:
1014:
1010:
903:
775:
404:
2617:, which was funded by Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach together with the other
4414:
4094:
2570:
2554:
2545:
2528:
2447:
2403:
2310:
2114:
1719:
1705:
1695:
1663:
1298:
1217:
1205:
1159:
954:
931:
911:
703:
2059:, until 1920, when it merged with most of its neighbours to form
1783:
and after another year, when she was already a widow, to her son
2511:
The textile industry was also important. It was concentrated in
2474:
2451:
2407:
2349:
1994:. He also supported, albeit half-heartedly, the founding of the
1675:
1488:
1357:
1262:
1107:
946:
was located in hills with altitudes between 200 and 400 meters.
807:
4597:
4224:
3990:
3460:
3012:
2818:
938:
mountains and finally, in the far south, the main chain of the
2375:
2323:
1856:, Duke Charles Augustus escaped his deposition by joining the
922:
hills); the central part with the town of Eisenach was in the
131:
29:
2605:, except for the exclaves Ostheim, Oldisleben, and Allstedt.
2213:, 1809–1815; Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach since 1758
2009:
from 1815, the grand duchy was not seriously affected by the
2519:. Other major textile plants could be found in Wenigenjena,
1966:, who was grand duchess from 1828, featuring composers like
2071:
In the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, as in all the
2044:. In 1903, the grand duchy officially changed its name to
2013:
and remained neutral during the growing friction between
2197:, 1758–1809, until 1775 under the regency of his mother
2032:
In 1901 Charles Alexander was succeeded by his grandson
1944:
organized themselves as Germany's first fraternity, the
2613:
There was one state university in the grand duchy, the
2569:. Around 1900, potash industry began to develop in the
2565:
Ilmenau and Ruhla were important mining centers in the
2535:. In 1895, the textile industry employed approximately
1982:, who supported his plans, and he rebuilt the decaying
1690:(2379 v. 1228: +94%), Oberweimar (2095 v. 621: +237%),
2500:, which became the sole share holder of the companies
2017:
and Prussia over the following two decades. After the
1809:
At 18 years of age, Charles Augustus married Princess
867:(until 1866, when it was incorporated in the Prussian
2258:
In 1895, 37.9% of the workforce were employed in the
1890:
district; 629 km, 243 sq mi) from the
2698:, 1817, reprinted: Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2009,
1937:. Finally, the country was raised to a grand duchy.
1790:
As Dowager Duchess Anna Amalia actively took up the
4859:
4832:
4814:
4768:
4761:
4733:
4632:
4557:
4541:
4513:
4459:
4413:
4370:
4259:
4190:
4136:
4093:
4055:
4025:
3942:
3915:
3882:
3808:
3768:
3706:
3661:
3618:
3572:
3556:
3520:
3495:
3325:
3272:
3224:
3215:
3185:
3159:
3143:
3136:
3107:
3086:
3060:
3048:
1832:In 1804 Duke Charles Augustus' eldest son and heir
674:
572:
555:
545:
532:
522:
499:
485:
468:
455:
443:
422:
410:
400:
358:
204:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1025:The highest elevation in the grand duchy were the
825:The Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach branch has been the most
2177:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach, 1741–1809
730:. In 1903, it officially changed its name to the
926:valley; further south were the mountains of the
159:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
2117:was predominantly Catholic and belonged to the
2218:Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, 1815–1918
1825:to Weimar, thus laying the foundation for the
4609:
4236:
4002:
3472:
3024:
2830:
2199:Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
1021:once described Weimar as "Athens on the Ilm".
8:
4578:
4569:
2810:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1945:
1915:
1872:
1871:in 1815. In the east, it gained most of the
1710:
1286:
1062:
842:
583:
238:
225:
212:
2185:, 1741–1748; Duke of Saxe-Weimar since 1707
1751:. The first Duke of the personal union was
4950:States and territories established in 1809
4765:
4616:
4602:
4594:
4243:
4229:
4221:
4009:
3995:
3987:
3772:
3622:
3479:
3465:
3457:
3221:
3140:
3057:
3031:
3017:
3009:
2837:
2823:
2815:
2454:(especially in the Neustadt district) and
1929:was created from adjacent former parts of
1779:. A year later she gave birth to her son,
1771:, one year his junior and a niece of King
344:
329:
201:
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Historical German state from 1809 to 1920
4965:States of the North German Confederation
4955:States of the Confederation of the Rhine
4018:States of the North German Confederation
2477:, glass was made (in particular, in the
2295:
2205:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, 1809–1815
1933:and territories held by the secularized
1469:
1323:
1069:
871:), and all the other Thuringian states (
214:(GroĂź-)Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
2677:, morning edition of 5 March 1909, p. 2
2666:
2021:the grand duchy became a member of the
1990:style of the day and had it painted by
350:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, shown within the
2629:existed in Weimar, Eisenach and Jena;
2109:Other / Non-denominational: 119 (0.1%)
2092:Other / Non-denominational: 500 (0.1%)
964:and Eisenach, and its tributaries the
949:The main rivers in the country were:
206:(Grand) Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1017:in the centre. Acting Prime Minister
554:
544:
531:
524:• Merger of Eisenach and Weimar
521:
498:
494:
467:
454:
450:
442:
7:
2790:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2515:(mostly hosiery knitting mills) and
2063:, with Weimar as the state capital.
1998:in Weimar, which merged to form the
1666:(Weimar part: 3917 v. 1533: +156%),
918:district was hilly (Hörselberge and
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4985:Grand dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2848:after the Division of Erfurt (1572)
2293:The harvest of 1895 consisted of:
1794:, with the approval of the Empress
702:) was a German state, created as a
232:Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4960:States of the German Confederation
3488:States of the German Confederation
2057:Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
906:district was flat and part of the
757:Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
25:
18:Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
5025:1918 disestablishments in Germany
2885:(1596–1638, 1640–1644, 1672–1806)
2778:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2438:was only found near Eisenach, in
2270:, and 16.4% were employed in the
751:with the other monarchies of the
240:Freistaat Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
4724:
4361:
4046:
3511:
3127:
2997:
2767:"Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach genealogy"
2696:Geographical Institute of Weimar
2601:The grand duchy was part of the
2266:industries, 38.9% worked in the
957:flowing through Jena in the east
759:, which was merged into the new
658:
633:
619:
335:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach within the
315:
282:
264:
257:
136:
34:
2125:Constitution and administration
1898:, which had been an exclave of
1894:. It also received most of the
847:administratively, plus several
766:The full grand ducal style was
722:since 1741. It was raised to a
45:needs additional citations for
5020:1809 establishments in Germany
3838:ReuĂź-Lobenstein und Ebersdorf
2623:Technische Universität Ilmenau
2402:Fruit was mainly grown in the
2172:Rulers of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1313:shrank dramatically after the
1:
5000:House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4990:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4975:States of the Weimar Republic
4625:States of the Weimar Republic
1848:. Though at first an ally of
1802:, who was a professor at the
914:valley. The northern part of
851:. Neighboring countries were
726:in 1815 by resolution of the
706:in 1809 by the merger of the
2801:"Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach"
2781:"Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach"
2745:(in German), Jena: Quartus,
2732:Constantin Kronfeld (1879),
2723:Constantin Kronfeld (1878),
2553:area and pipes were made in
2083:Evangelical: 325,315 (95.9%)
749:German Revolution of 1918–19
4970:States of the German Empire
4252:States of the German Empire
2673:The new Electoral Act, in:
2577:. There were salt works in
2395:
2392:
2382:
2379:
2369:
2366:
2356:
2353:
2343:
2340:
2330:
2327:
2317:
2314:
2100:Evangelical: 85,319 (89.6%)
2025:and in 1871 joined the new
1854:War of the Fourth Coalition
1651:
1648:
1638:
1635:
1625:
1622:
1612:
1609:
1599:
1596:
1586:
1583:
1573:
1570:
1560:
1557:
1547:
1544:
1534:
1531:
1521:
1518:
1508:
1505:
1495:
1492:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1305:(Neustadt district, 1904).
1297:(Eisenach district, 1847),
1250:
1247:
1189:
1186:
1172:, Bösleben, Klein Kröbitz,
1095:
1092:
1053:477 m above
1042:814 m above
1031:861 m above
5041:
3041:Confederation of the Rhine
2716:, Albrecht, Weimar, 1852,
2450:(in the Weimar district),
2023:North German Confederation
2011:German revolutions of 1848
1858:Confederation of the Rhine
1815:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1743:by the same branch of the
1468:
1322:
1076:Area in square kilometers
755:. It was succeeded by the
379:North German Confederation
364:Confederation of the Rhine
4722:
4500:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4359:
4177:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4044:
3973:
3775:
3625:
3509:
3431:
3125:
2995:
2853:
2573:valley, around Vacha and
2146:and three members in the
2042:Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen
1811:Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
1674:, (3052 v. 1422: +115%),
902:The northern part of the
897:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
598:
568:
547:• German Revolution
495:
481:
451:
343:
328:
298:
253:
248:
4307:Lauenburg and BĂĽtow Land
2741:Detlef Ignasiak (1996),
2690:Carl Ferdinand Weiland:
2462:Manufacturing Industries
2029:as a constituent state.
1800:Christoph Martin Wieland
1694:(2064 v. 1332: +55) and
942:mountains. The district
869:Province of Hesse-Nassau
145:This article includes a
2807:Encyclopædia Britannica
2418:north of Jena, between
2086:Catholic: 12,112 (3.6%)
2038:Caroline Reuss of Greiz
1935:Princely Abbey of Fulda
1838:Maria Pavlovna Romanova
1819:Johann Gottfried Herder
1813:. He employed the poet
1686:(2539 v. 1237: +105%),
1670:(3405 v. 1689: +102%),
761:Free State of Thuringia
700:Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
432:Constitutional monarchy
174:more precise citations.
4579:
4570:
4565:German colonial empire
4495:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
4172:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2893:(1603–1672, 1826–1918)
2877:(1596–1633, 1681–1699)
2869:(1572–1596, 1633-1638)
2734:Topographie des Landes
2103:Catholic: 8,809 (9.3%)
1996:School of Applied Arts
1946:
1916:
1896:Principality of Erfurt
1873:
1728:
1717:
1711:
1698:(2008 v. 1294: +55%).
1682:(2948 v. 1480: +99%),
1678:(2978 v. 1701, +75%),
1287:
1063:
1047:) in the Rhön and the
893:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
843:
744:
699:
584:
239:
226:
219:Grand Duchy of Saxony
213:
69:"Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach"
4926:50.98333°N 11.16667°E
2986:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2787:Catholic Encyclopedia
2725:Geschichte des Landes
2603:Thuringian Toll Union
2046:Grand Duchy of Saxony
2036:, who was married to
1974:. Her art-loving son
1860:on 15 December 1806.
1842:Alexander I of Russia
1723:
1709:
829:extant branch of the
827:genealogically senior
745:GroĂźherzogtum Sachsen
732:Grand Duchy of Saxony
392:Federal State of the
377:Federal State of the
227:GroĂźherzogtum Sachsen
5015:Former grand duchies
4675:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4670:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4542:Imperial Territories
4395:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4390:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4311:Starostwo of Draheim
4075:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4070:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3600:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3595:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3312:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3307:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2978:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2970:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
2906:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2866:Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
2517:Neustadt an der Orla
2492:employees. In 1889,
2305:Yield (metric tons)
2268:manufacturing sector
2168:'s 11th Army Corps.
2166:Imperial German Army
2089:Jewish: 1,290 (0.4%)
2007:German Confederation
1840:, sister of Emperor
1804:University of Erfurt
1727:Castle near Eisenach
1606:Ostheim vor der Rhön
1567:Neustadt an der Orla
1418:Ostheim vor der Rhön
1368:Neustadt an der Orla
1255:Neustadt an der Orla
1235:Ostheim vor der Rhön
1222:Ostheim vor der Rhön
1036:) near Ilmenau, the
718:, which had been in
687:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
373:German Confederation
54:improve this article
4922: /
4505:Waldeck and Pyrmont
4182:Waldeck and Pyrmont
3800:Waldeck and Pyrmont
2938:Saxe-Hildburghausen
2498:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung
2019:Austro-Prussian War
1918:Eisenacher Oberland
1773:Frederick the Great
1315:Jewish emancipation
4931:50.98333; 11.16667
4329:Schleswig-Holstein
2675:Berliner Tageblatt
2615:University of Jena
2189:Ernest Augustus II
2156:University of Jena
2144:Imperial Bundesrat
2106:Jewish: 979 (1.0%)
1992:Moritz von Schwind
1942:University of Jena
1869:Congress of Vienna
1852:in the Napoleonic
1823:Friedrich Schiller
1765:Ernest Augustus II
1739:had been ruled in
1729:
1718:
1245:District Neustadt
1184:District Eisenach
1005:, flowing through
930:, followed by the
728:Congress of Vienna
528:September 20, 1809
417:Thuringian dialect
147:list of references
4980:Ernestine duchies
4905:
4904:
4855:
4854:
4591:
4590:
4218:
4217:
4162:
4154:
3984:
3983:
3938:
3937:
3864:
3851:
3764:
3763:
3708:Ernestine duchies
3454:
3453:
3427:
3426:
3211:
3210:
3123:
3122:
3006:
3005:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2846:Ernestine duchies
2704:978-3-86777-136-8
2655:Thuringian states
2650:Ernestine duchies
2619:Thuringian states
2567:Thuringian Forest
2414:. There was some
2400:
2399:
2236:Charles Alexander
2230:Charles Frederick
2183:Ernest Augustus I
2073:Thuringian states
2050:Kingdom of Saxony
1976:Charles Alexander
1954:Wartburg Festival
1892:Kingdom of Saxony
1834:Charles Frederick
1827:Weimar Classicism
1753:Ernest Augustus I
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1466:
1465:
1283:
1282:
1277:Teichwolframsdorf
928:Thuringian Forest
889:Reuss Junior Line
877:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
763:two years later.
708:Ernestine duchies
684:
683:
670:
669:
666:
665:
646:
645:
534:• Raised to
470:• 1901–1918
457:• 1809–1828
427:Absolute monarchy
352:Ernestine duchies
321:
304:Weimars Volkslied
243:
235:
230:
222:
217:
209:
200:
199:
192:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5032:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4807:
4766:
4728:
4712:
4704:
4695:Schaumburg-Lippe
4618:
4611:
4604:
4595:
4584:
4575:
4490:Schaumburg-Lippe
4485:
4477:
4447:
4365:
4344:
4314:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4222:
4167:Schaumburg-Lippe
4160:
4152:
4050:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3988:
3908:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3875:
3874:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3828:Reuss-Lobenstein
3824:
3823:
3795:Schaumburg-Lippe
3773:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3663:Anhalt (Ascania)
3644:
3623:
3515:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3458:
3397:Schaumburg-Lippe
3222:
3141:
3131:
3058:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2791:
2783:
2774:
2769:. Archived from
2755:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2709:
2678:
2671:
2639:
2638:
2541:
2540:
2491:
2490:
2296:
2224:Charles Augustus
2211:Charles Augustus
2195:Charles Augustus
2135:Imperial Knights
2119:Diocese of Fulda
2005:A member of the
1951:
1948:Urburschenschaft
1928:
1926:
1885:
1883:
1875:Neustädter Kreis
1781:Charles Augustus
1757:Belvedere Palace
1755:, who built the
1749:Wilhelm Heinrich
1716:
1470:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1303:MĂĽnchenbernsdorf
1292:
1267:Weida, Thuringia
1090:District Weimar
1070:
1066:
1057:
1046:
1035:
1013:and the capital
979:in the exclaves
908:Thuringian Basin
885:Reuss Elder Line
846:
739:
694:
662:
661:
650:
649:
637:
636:
623:
622:
616:
615:
600:
599:
592:German gold mark
587:
411:Common languages
348:
333:
323:
322:
312:
286:
268:
261:
242:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
216:
211:
207:
202:
195:
188:
184:
181:
175:
170:this article by
161:inline citations
140:
139:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5029:
4995:House of Wettin
4940:
4939:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4901:
4861:
4851:
4828:
4810:
4805:
4803:Weimar-Eisenach
4757:
4729:
4720:
4710:
4702:
4628:
4622:
4592:
4587:
4553:
4549:Alsace–Lorraine
4537:
4509:
4483:
4475:
4455:
4445:
4409:
4405:Weimar-Eisenach
4385:Hesse-Darmstadt
4366:
4357:
4309:and the former
4305:(including the
4304:
4275:
4255:
4249:
4219:
4214:
4186:
4132:
4089:
4085:Weimar-Eisenach
4065:Hesse-Darmstadt
4051:
4042:
4021:
4015:
3985:
3980:
3969:
3934:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3854:
3853:
3841:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3818:Reuss-Ebersdorf
3804:
3760:
3750:
3742:
3740:Gotha-Altenburg
3734:
3726:
3724:Coburg-Saalfeld
3718:
3702:
3697:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3657:
3642:
3614:
3610:Weimar-Eisenach
3585:Hesse-Darmstadt
3568:
3552:
3516:
3507:
3491:
3485:
3455:
3450:
3423:
3321:
3268:
3264:Weimar-Eisenach
3239:Gotha-Altenburg
3234:Coburg-Saalfeld
3217:
3207:
3181:
3155:
3132:
3119:
3103:
3082:
3050:
3044:
3037:
3007:
3002:
2993:
2849:
2843:
2794:
2777:
2765:
2762:
2753:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2717:
2712:Karl Helmrich:
2707:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2611:
2591:
2563:
2561:Mining industry
2538:
2536:
2488:
2486:
2473:In Ilmenau and
2464:
2406:valley, around
2256:
2251:
2220:
2207:
2179:
2174:
2127:
2069:
1972:Peter Cornelius
1952:and celebrated
1920:
1877:
1846:Napoleonic Wars
1745:House of Wettin
1731:The duchies of
1704:
1482:
1477:
1331:
1058:) near Weimar.
1052:
1041:
1030:
998:in the far east
839:
831:House of Wettin
735:
690:
659:
634:
620:
590:
580:
561:
548:
538:
525:
517:
513:
471:
458:
435:
430:
415:
394:Weimar Republic
391:
382:
376:
367:
354:
339:
324:
316:
313:
306:
294:
293:
292:
287:
279:
278:
276:
274:
272:
269:
262:
244:
236:
231:
223:
218:
210:
196:
185:
179:
176:
165:
151:related reading
141:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5038:
5036:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4942:
4941:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4705:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4598:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4461:Principalities
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4138:Principalities
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3899:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3858:
3845:
3835:
3825:
3814:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3769:Principalities
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:Hildburghausen
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3329:
3327:
3326:Principalities
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3244:Hildburghausen
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3186:Principalities
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3137:States created
3134:
3133:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3039:States of the
3038:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2967:
2962:Saxe-Meiningen
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2930:Saxe-Eisenberg
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2890:Saxe-Altenburg
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2798:, ed. (1911).
2796:Chisholm, Hugh
2792:
2775:
2773:on 2012-06-30.
2761:
2760:External links
2758:
2757:
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2430:Stock breeding
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2272:service sector
2255:
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2242:William Ernest
2239:
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2090:
2087:
2084:
2068:
2065:
2034:William Ernest
1964:Maria Pavlovna
1741:personal union
1713:Schloss Weimar
1703:
1700:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1645:Stadtlengsfeld
1641:
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1428:Stadtlengsfeld
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1311:Stadtlengsfeld
1281:
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1228:
1226:Kaltennordheim
1214:Stadtlengsfeld
1191:
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1180:
1167:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
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1080:
1077:
1074:
1055:sea level (NN)
1044:sea level (NN)
1033:sea level (NN)
1023:
1022:
999:
988:
973:
958:
881:Saxe-Meiningen
873:Saxe-Altenburg
838:
835:
800:Princely Count
720:personal union
682:
681:
676:
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664:
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629:
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611:
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596:
595:
574:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
557:• Joined
556:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
539:
533:
530:
529:
526:
523:
520:
519:
514:
511:personal union
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
487:
486:Historical era
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:William Ernest
472:
469:
466:
465:
459:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
441:
440:
424:
420:
419:
412:
408:
407:
402:
398:
397:
360:
356:
355:
349:
341:
340:
334:
326:
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296:
295:
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263:
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255:
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250:
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245:
205:
198:
197:
155:external links
144:
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127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
5037:
5026:
5023:
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5008:
5006:
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4858:
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4847:Sondershausen
4845:
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4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
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4817:
4813:
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4607:
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4506:
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4476:(Junior Line)
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4444:
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4439:
4436:
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4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4372:Grand Duchies
4369:
4364:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4153:(Junior Line)
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4057:Grand Duchies
4054:
4049:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3931:
3930:Sondershausen
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3903:
3900:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3870:
3869:Reuss-Schleiz
3867:
3865:
3859:
3852:
3850:(Junior Line)
3846:
3839:
3836:
3829:
3826:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3785:Liechtenstein
3783:
3781:
3780:Hesse-Homburg
3778:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3754:
3749:
3746:
3741:
3738:
3733:
3730:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:Grand duchies
3571:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3412:Sondershausen
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Lippe-Detmold
3358:
3356:
3355:Liechtenstein
3353:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:Other duchies
3271:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3226:Saxon duchies
3223:
3220:
3214:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Aschaffenburg
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:Grand Duchies
3158:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:Grand Duchies
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3049:Rank elevated
3047:
3042:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3000:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2954:Saxe-Saalfeld
2952:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2914:Saxe-Marksuhl
2912:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2882:Saxe-Eisenach
2880:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2752:3-931505-20-0
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2588:
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2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:Carl Zeiss AG
2499:
2495:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:and later to
2039:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2027:German Empire
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:the romantic
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:Maria Theresa
1793:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1737:Saxe-Eisenach
1734:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1244:
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1207:
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1199:
1195:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1179:
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1168:
1166:and Tannroda
1165:
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1157:
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1008:
1004:
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997:
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989:
986:
982:
978:
974:
971:
967:
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960:the Werra in
959:
956:
952:
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950:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
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905:
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894:
890:
886:
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832:
828:
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805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
753:German Empire
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:Saxe-Eisenach
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
680:
677:
675:Today part of
673:
657:
655:
652:
651:
648:
642:
641:Saxe-Eisenach
639:
632:
631:
628:
625:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
585:Vereinsthaler
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
550:
540:
537:
527:
515:
512:
508:
504:
503:Saxe-Eisenach
491:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:
463:
460:
446:
438:
433:
428:
425:
421:
418:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
395:
389:
388:German Empire
385:
384:Federal State
380:
374:
370:
365:
362:State of the
361:
357:
353:
347:
342:
338:
337:German Empire
332:
327:
310:
305:
301:
297:
291:
285:
267:
260:
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241:
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4907:
4860:Unrecognized
4806:(until 1920)
4802:
4711:(until 1929)
4581:Mitteleuropa
4572:Mittelafrika
4484:(Elder Line)
4482:Reuss-Greiz
4446:(until 1876)
4438:Coburg-Gotha
4404:
4341:West Prussia
4298:Hohenzollern
4294:Hesse-Nassau
4286:East Prussia
4161:(Elder Line)
4159:Reuss-Greiz
4118:Coburg-Gotha
4084:
3906:(until 1850)
3896:(until 1850)
3884:Hohenzollern
3873:(until 1848)
3863:(Elder Line)
3861:Reuss-Greiz
3832:(until 1824)
3822:(until 1824)
3751:(until 1826)
3743:(until 1826)
3732:Coburg-Gotha
3727:(until 1826)
3698:(until 1847)
3690:(until 1863)
3682:(until 1863)
3609:
3564:Hesse-Kassel
3333:Hohenzollern
3216:Pre-existing
2977:
2946:Saxe-Römhild
2805:
2785:
2771:the original
2742:
2733:
2724:
2713:
2691:
2674:
2669:
2612:
2600:
2592:
2564:
2544:
2510:
2496:founded the
2472:
2465:
2434:
2428:
2401:
2292:
2276:
2257:
2163:
2160:
2152:
2128:
2112:
2095:
2070:
2056:
2054:
2045:
2031:
2004:
1962:
1939:
1931:Hesse-Kassel
1862:
1831:
1808:
1789:
1730:
1661:
1307:
1284:
1279:and Förthen
1271:Berga/Elster
1060:
1024:
992:White Elster
987:in the north
948:
934:valley, the
901:
865:Hesse-Kassel
840:
833:since 1672.
824:
765:
756:
731:
686:
685:
609:Succeeded by
608:
603:
577:Saxon thaler
299:
290:Coat of arms
275:Bottom: Flag
186:
180:October 2022
177:
166:Please help
158:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4929: /
4897:WĂĽrzburg SR
4872:Bavarian SR
4834:Schwarzburg
4735:City-states
4716:WĂĽrttemberg
4703:(from 1920)
4627:(1919–1933)
4515:City-states
4474:Reuss-Gera
4353:WĂĽrttemberg
4282:Brandenburg
4274:as a whole
4254:(1871–1918)
4192:City-states
4151:Reuss-Gera
4020:(1866–1871)
3943:Free cities
3917:Schwarzburg
3902:Sigmaringen
3855:(from 1848)
3848:Reuss-Gera
3842:(1824-1848)
3735:(from 1826)
3719:(from 1826)
3674:(from 1863)
3643:(from 1839)
3557:Electorates
3548:WĂĽrttemberg
3490:(1815–1866)
3402:Schwarzburg
3343:Sigmaringen
3078:WĂĽrttemberg
3043:(1806–1813)
2989:(1826–1918)
2981:(1806–1918)
2973:(1735–1826)
2965:(1681–1918)
2957:(1680–1735)
2949:(1680–1710)
2941:(1680–1826)
2933:(1680–1707)
2925:(1672–1690)
2917:(1662–1672)
2909:(1681–1826)
2901:(1640–1680)
2874:Saxe-Coburg
2861:(1572–1806)
2858:Saxe-Weimar
2718:(in German)
2708:(in German)
2631:Realschules
2575:Berka/Werra
2533:Blankenhain
2416:viticulture
2288:Goldene Aue
2260:agriculture
2254:Agriculture
2244:, 1901–1918
2238:, 1853–1901
2232:, 1828–1853
2226:, 1815–1828
2191:, 1748–1758
1988:historicism
1968:Franz Liszt
1921: [
1908:Kranichfeld
1904:Blankenhain
1878: [
1785:Constantine
1769:Anna Amalia
1733:Saxe-Weimar
1668:Blankenhain
1478:1 Dec 1910
1332:1 Dec 1840
1295:Berka/Werra
1202:Berka/Werra
1164:Kranichfeld
1156:Blankenhain
1128:Buttelstedt
972:in the west
812:Blankenhayn
724:grand duchy
712:Saxe-Weimar
627:Saxe-Weimar
604:Preceded by
594:(1873–1918)
589:(1857–1873)
536:grand duchy
507:Saxe-Weimar
490:Middle Ages
462:Karl August
439:(1918–1920)
434:(1816–1918)
429:(1809–1816)
396:(1918–1920)
390:(1871–1918)
381:(1867–1871)
375:(1815–1866)
366:(1809–1813)
307: [
277:(1897–1920)
273:(1813–1897)
234:(1918–1920)
221:(1903–1918)
208:(1809–1903)
172:introducing
4944:Categories
4882:Bottleneck
4863:separatist
4842:Rudolstadt
4798:Saxe-Gotha
4762:Until 1920
4337:Westphalia
3925:Rudolstadt
3590:Luxembourg
3447:until 1811
3441:until 1809
3438:until 1810
3407:Rudolstadt
3380:Lobenstein
3203:Regensburg
3151:Westphalia
2898:Saxe-Gotha
2685:References
2627:Gymnasiums
2596:Reichsmark
2551:Kuppenrhön
2494:Ernst Abbe
2483:Carl Zeiss
2440:Eichenzell
2302:Area (km)
2284:Oldisleben
1914:area, the
1763:. His son
1692:Oldisleben
1483:from 1840
1476:Population
1330:Population
1178:Oldisleben
1142:, Lobeda,
1120:Rastenberg
1079:Residents
1049:Ettersberg
1038:Ellenbogen
1027:Kickelhahn
985:Oldisleben
820:Tautenburg
768:Grand Duke
444:Grand Duke
423:Government
80:newspapers
4917:11°10′0″E
4914:50°59′0″N
4877:Bremen SR
4865:movements
4793:Meiningen
4778:Altenburg
4700:Thuringia
4680:Oldenburg
4655:Brunswick
4451:Meiningen
4443:Lauenburg
4433:Altenburg
4428:Brunswick
4400:Oldenburg
4321:Rhineland
4302:Pomerania
4128:Meiningen
4123:Lauenburg
4113:Altenburg
4108:Brunswick
4080:Oldenburg
3977:partially
3955:Frankfurt
3892:Hechingen
3756:Meiningen
3716:Altenburg
3653:Lauenburg
3630:Brunswick
3605:Oldenburg
3444:from 1809
3435:from 1810
3370:Ebersdorf
3338:Hechingen
3317:Oldenburg
3249:Meiningen
3172:Frankfurt
2922:Saxe-Jena
2609:Education
2583:Bad Sulza
2579:Creuzburg
2506:Schott AG
2444:Gabelbach
2148:Reichstag
2061:Thuringia
2002:in 1919.
1910:. In the
1688:Bad Berka
1684:Tiefenort
1672:Bad Sulza
1632:Creuzburg
1626:0 %
1593:Buttstädt
1458:Creuzburg
1448:Buttstädt
1275:RuĂźdorf,
1198:Creuzburg
1152:Bad Berka
1144:Bad Sulza
1124:Buttstädt
1085:exclaves
1073:District
936:Kupenrhön
837:Geography
804:Henneberg
788:Thuringia
784:Landgrave
737:‹See Tfd›
692:‹See Tfd›
654:Thuringia
579:(to 1857)
559:Thuringia
271:Top: Flag
249:1809–1920
5010:Eisenach
4260:Kingdoms
4026:Kingdoms
3679:Bernburg
3635:Holstein
3521:Kingdoms
3350:Isenburg
3302:Arenberg
3285:Bernburg
3259:Eisenach
3177:WĂĽrzburg
3144:Kingdoms
3061:Kingdoms
3053:Napoleon
2644:See also
2542:people.
2521:Eisenach
2420:Dornburg
2396:152,400
2383:192,717
2370:232,200
2363:Potatoes
2280:Allstedt
2264:forestry
2077:Lutheran
2067:Religion
1984:Wartburg
1958:Wartburg
1888:Neustadt
1865:Eisenach
1836:married
1725:Wartburg
1580:Allstedt
1502:Eisenach
1408:Allstedt
1348:Eisenach
1239:Zillbach
1194:Eisenach
1187:1214.03
1174:Allstedt
1136:Dornburg
1116:Allstedt
1096:191,975
1093:1752.59
981:Allstedt
944:Neustadt
916:Eisenach
849:exclaves
816:Neustadt
792:Margrave
780:Eisenach
573:Currency
509:held in
437:Republic
110:May 2007
4892:Rhenish
4887:Bavaria
4748:Hamburg
4708:Waldeck
4685:Prussia
4650:Bavaria
4528:Hamburg
4415:Duchies
4333:Silesia
4290:Hanover
4272:Prussia
4267:Bavaria
4205:Hamburg
4095:Duchies
4033:Prussia
3960:Hamburg
3640:Limburg
3619:Duchies
3543:Hanover
3533:Bavaria
3528:Prussia
3503:Austria
3496:Empires
3419:Waldeck
3385:Schleiz
3108:Duchies
3068:Bavaria
2468:Ilmenau
2424:Camburg
2357:39,600
2344:41,900
2331:33,300
2318:27,100
2286:in the
2249:Economy
2131:Landtag
2015:Austria
2000:Bauhaus
1956:at the
1850:Prussia
1792:regency
1777:Prussia
1702:History
1680:Triptis
1561:+ 141%
1548:+ 348%
1545:12,202
1541:Ilmenau
1535:+ 448%
1532:22,610
1522:+ 202%
1519:34,582
1509:+ 309%
1506:38,362
1496:+ 547%
1493:38,487
1398:Ilmenau
1342:11,444
1289:Bezirke
1259:Triptis
1251:52,016
1248:628.71
1231:Seebach
1190:95,226
1170:Ilmenau
1148:Magdala
1132:Neumark
1112:Ilmenau
1082:Cities
1007:Ilmenau
977:Unstrut
920:Hainich
861:Bavaria
853:Prussia
796:Meissen
679:Germany
501:•
464:(first)
401:Capital
386:of the
371:of the
300:Anthem:
168:improve
94:scholar
5005:Weimar
4783:Coburg
4770:Ernest
4753:LĂĽbeck
4743:Bremen
4690:Saxony
4640:Anhalt
4633:States
4533:LĂĽbeck
4523:Bremen
4423:Anhalt
4348:Saxony
4325:Saxony
4278:Berlin
4210:LĂĽbeck
4200:Bremen
4103:Anhalt
4038:Saxony
3965:LĂĽbeck
3950:Bremen
3695:Köthen
3687:Dessau
3671:Anhalt
3648:Nassau
3538:Saxony
3295:Köthen
3290:Dessau
3280:Anhalt
3254:Weimar
3218:states
3115:Nassau
3073:Saxony
2749:
2702:
2513:Apolda
2479:Schott
2456:spruce
2412:BĂĽrgel
2389:Fodder
2337:Barley
2290:area.
2139:Thaler
2075:, the
1980:Sophie
1761:Weimar
1652:– 29%
1649:1,593
1636:2,062
1623:2,240
1610:2,277
1600:+ 32%
1597:2,843
1587:+ 34%
1584:3,353
1574:+ 71%
1571:7,095
1558:9,036
1528:Apolda
1515:Weimar
1481:Change
1462:2,103
1452:2,164
1442:2,239
1432:2,239
1422:2,497
1412:2,507
1402:2,721
1392:3,756
1382:4,128
1378:Apolda
1372:4,154
1362:5,949
1352:9,377
1338:Weimar
1140:BĂĽrgel
1104:Apolda
1100:Weimar
1064:Kreise
1019:Goethe
1015:Weimar
1011:Apolda
970:Ulster
924:Hörsel
904:Weimar
857:Saxony
776:Weimar
741:German
696:German
582:Saxon
516:
477:(last)
447:
414:German
405:Weimar
359:Status
302:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4824:Reuss
4816:Reuss
4788:Gotha
4665:Lippe
4660:Hesse
4645:Baden
4558:Other
4469:Lippe
4380:Baden
4317:Posen
4146:Lippe
3810:Reuss
3790:Lippe
3580:Baden
3375:Greiz
3365:Reuss
3198:Leyen
3099:Hesse
3094:Baden
2661:Notes
2589:Trade
2571:Werra
2555:Geisa
2546:Ruhla
2529:Remda
2525:Weida
2448:beech
2404:Saale
2311:Wheat
2299:Crop
2115:Geisa
1925:]
1900:Mainz
1882:]
1696:Mihla
1664:Ruhla
1639:– 2%
1619:Vacha
1613:– 9%
1554:Weida
1473:City
1438:Vacha
1388:Weida
1327:City
1299:Ruhla
1218:Geisa
1210:Vacha
1206:Ruhla
1160:Remda
996:Berga
966:Felda
962:Vacha
955:Saale
932:Werra
912:Saale
844:Kreis
704:duchy
369:State
311:]
153:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
3392:Salm
3167:Berg
2747:ISBN
2700:ISBN
2581:and
2531:and
2504:and
2475:Jena
2452:pine
2436:Game
2422:and
2410:and
2408:Jena
2380:574
2367:225
2354:334
2350:Oats
2341:276
2328:295
2315:216
2282:and
2262:and
1970:and
1912:Rhön
1906:and
1821:and
1735:and
1676:Auma
1489:Jena
1358:Jena
1269:and
1263:Auma
1237:and
1224:and
1176:and
1108:Jena
1001:the
990:the
983:and
975:the
968:and
953:the
940:Rhön
895:and
818:and
808:Lord
772:Saxe
714:and
564:1920
551:1918
541:1815
518:1741
505:and
73:news
3051:by
2637:000
2635:200
2539:000
2489:000
2393:92
2376:Hay
2324:Rye
1775:of
1759:in
1067:):
1003:Ilm
994:in
899:).
810:of
802:of
794:of
786:in
770:of
710:of
56:by
4946::
4339:,
4335:,
4331:,
4327:,
4323:,
4319:,
4315:,
4300:,
4296:,
4292:,
4288:,
4284:,
4280:,
2804:.
2784:.
2706:,
2694:,
2598:.
2585:.
2527:,
2523:,
2508:.
2487:10
2426:.
2274:.
2150:.
2121:.
2052:.
1923:de
1880:de
1806:.
1787:.
1265:,
1261:,
1257:,
1233:,
1220:,
1216:,
1212:,
1208:,
1204:,
1200:,
1196:,
1162:,
1158:,
1154:,
1150:,
1146:,
1138:,
1134:,
1130:,
1126:,
1122:,
1118:,
1114:,
1110:,
1106:,
1102:,
1009:,
891:,
887:,
883:,
879:,
875:,
863:,
859:,
855:,
822:.
814:,
806:,
798:,
790:,
782:,
743::
698::
309:de
157:,
149:,
4617:e
4610:t
4603:v
4343:)
4313:)
4276:(
4244:e
4237:t
4230:v
4010:e
4003:t
3996:v
3480:e
3473:t
3466:v
3032:e
3025:t
3018:v
2838:e
2831:t
2824:v
2537:7
1886:(
1051:(
1040:(
1029:(
778:-
774:-
734:(
689:(
193:)
187:(
182:)
178:(
164:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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