48:
77:
3245:
332:
260:
474:
57:
3256:
3296:
3276:
3286:
3233:
459:
3266:
68:
220:
with elaborate preparations and presentations that serves small, multiple courses prepared by a hierarchical kitchen staff, historically at the grand restaurants and hotels of Europe. The cuisine was very rich and opulent, with decadent sauces made out of butter, cream, and flour, the basis for many
178:
represents the cooking and eating of carefully prepared food from regular and premium ingredients, prepared by specialized chefs, and commissioned by those with the financial wherewithal to do so. It has had a long evolution through the monarchy and the
423:
puts an emphasis on natural flavours, so the freshest possible ingredients are used, preparation is simplified, heavy sauces are less common, as are strong marinades for meat, and cooking times are often reduced.
187:
distinguished itself from regular French cuisine by what was cooked and served, by obtaining premium ingredients such as fruit out of season, and by using ingredients not typically found in France.
659:
Mennel, Stephan. All
Manners of Food: eating and taste in England and France from the Middle Ages to the present. 2nd ed., (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1996), 163-164.
615:
The Reform Club's stellar culinary reputation reveals the profound interconnection between fine dining and French haute cuisine that consolidated in
Britain during the 1800s.
440:
styles of cooking, which were much more extravagant. While menus were increasingly short, dishes used more inventive pairings and relied on inspiration from regional dishes.
202:. The extravagant presentations and complex techniques that came from these kitchens required ingredients, time, equipment, and therefore money. For this reason, early
163:
is a style of cooking characterised by meticulous preparation, elaborate presentation, and the use of high quality ingredients. Typically prepared by highly skilled
2959:
3085:
1021:
2221:
294:. It was practised in the grand restaurants and hotels of Europe and elsewhere for much of the 20th century. The major developments were to replace
1222:
991:
3289:
233:(1784-1833) also published works on cooking, and he simplified and codified an earlier and even more complex cuisine. Nineteenth-century French
206:
was accessible to a small demographic of rich and powerful individuals. Not only were professional chefs responsible for building and shaping
3039:
1016:
745:
731:
721:
687:
677:
2657:
772:
574:
549:
524:
2759:
697:
601:
3049:
849:
837:
183:
and their ability to explore and afford prepared dishes with exotic and varied flavors and looking like architectural wonders.
1108:
692:
Tasting food, tasting freedom: excursions into eating, culture, and the past by Sidney
Wilfred Mintz Beacon Press (1997) -
2934:
2919:
1485:
249:
222:
2939:
2825:
1371:
295:
3133:
2969:
2954:
2891:
2789:
2420:
47:
3034:
2944:
2583:
2553:
1341:
713:
3330:
2949:
2909:
2635:
2593:
2588:
2563:
2109:
1006:
896:
275:
3029:
2984:
2899:
2734:
2712:
2697:
2687:
2672:
2640:
2573:
2568:
2548:
1480:
891:
886:
810:
672:
Cooking, Cuisine and Class, A Study in
Comparative Sociology, Jack Goody, University of Cambridge, June 1982,
3325:
3143:
2847:
2707:
2692:
2682:
2558:
2506:
2460:
1497:
1153:
1133:
817:
253:
230:
2964:
2815:
2702:
2615:
2246:
1428:
1148:
996:
926:
916:
869:
832:
827:
765:
167:
chefs, haute cuisine dishes are renowned for their high quality and are often offered at premium prices.
314:, which formalized the preparation of sauces and dishes. In its time, it was considered the pinnacle of
2914:
2904:
2820:
2717:
2605:
2271:
2226:
1942:
1932:
1796:
1662:
1597:
1557:
1351:
921:
854:
2019:
1423:
565:
Allen S. Weiss (2001). "Tractatus Logico-Gastronomicus". In
Lawrence R. Schehr; Allen S. Weiss (eds.).
302:
3102:
3097:
3080:
2999:
2842:
2769:
2650:
2645:
2630:
2578:
2316:
2206:
1880:
1875:
1667:
1143:
1011:
805:
101:
31:
76:
3299:
3275:
3269:
2348:
2251:
2241:
2216:
2099:
2059:
2029:
1999:
1994:
1816:
1806:
1401:
1324:
1200:
1068:
1058:
1001:
864:
3112:
2979:
2859:
2475:
2455:
2450:
2338:
2306:
2281:
2231:
2211:
2159:
2129:
2114:
2104:
2064:
2039:
1972:
1947:
1937:
1917:
1801:
1786:
1776:
1674:
1632:
1607:
1582:
1537:
1492:
1418:
1356:
1331:
1128:
1078:
1048:
986:
976:
971:
596:(reprint ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (published 2000). p. 46.
320:
310:
199:
3191:
3065:
2929:
2830:
2794:
2764:
2513:
2445:
2435:
2430:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2331:
2261:
2174:
2094:
2084:
2024:
2004:
1979:
1962:
1855:
1826:
1744:
1739:
1729:
1704:
1652:
1637:
1587:
1522:
1517:
1502:
1386:
1289:
1284:
1252:
1247:
1215:
1195:
1190:
1180:
1175:
1118:
1098:
1073:
1038:
981:
859:
822:
758:
741:
727:
717:
693:
683:
673:
597:
570:
545:
520:
401:
340:
95:
3320:
3259:
3215:
3198:
3128:
3107:
3014:
2974:
2876:
2837:
2810:
2744:
2729:
2620:
2518:
2415:
2400:
2395:
2343:
2326:
2321:
2301:
2291:
2286:
2139:
2119:
2074:
2069:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2014:
1957:
1952:
1922:
1912:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1821:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1684:
1679:
1602:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1542:
1512:
1475:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1396:
1381:
1376:
1361:
1336:
1294:
1262:
1257:
1205:
1170:
1158:
1113:
1103:
1088:
1063:
1053:
1043:
966:
961:
956:
943:
903:
876:
800:
478:
397:
381:
359:
331:
259:
195:
3019:
3009:
2989:
2881:
2754:
2724:
2543:
2523:
2470:
2425:
2410:
2405:
2353:
2311:
2276:
2236:
2201:
2164:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2049:
2009:
1989:
1967:
1907:
1892:
1887:
1833:
1791:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1751:
1657:
1627:
1547:
1507:
1445:
1433:
1408:
1366:
1319:
1304:
1272:
1267:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1210:
1185:
1138:
1123:
1083:
1033:
795:
137:
2779:
501:
287:
210:, but their role in the cuisine was what differentiated it from regular French cuisine.
3138:
3075:
3044:
3004:
2774:
2677:
2625:
2610:
2533:
2528:
2465:
2363:
2296:
2266:
2256:
2189:
2134:
2124:
2079:
1984:
1927:
1897:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1734:
1699:
1689:
1642:
1592:
1552:
1532:
1527:
1470:
1455:
1413:
1391:
1314:
1277:
951:
911:
881:
409:
405:
373:
345:
242:
217:
682:
Food and love: a cultural history of East and West By Jack Goody, Verso (April 1999),
473:
56:
3314:
3171:
3024:
2924:
2749:
2739:
2667:
2538:
2440:
2373:
2358:
2194:
2184:
2179:
2089:
1811:
1761:
1756:
1694:
1647:
1465:
1346:
1309:
1299:
1163:
1093:
1026:
938:
844:
429:
413:
291:
308:(serving meals in courses) and to develop a system of cookery, based on Escoffier's
3249:
3186:
2994:
2501:
2496:
2390:
2169:
1709:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1562:
393:
368:, as chefs rebelled from Escoffier's "orthodoxy" and complexity. Although the term
263:
An instance of the elevated and elaborate presentation standards typical of French
111:
712:
Haute
Cuisine: How the French Invented the Culinary Profession By Amy B. Trubek,
591:
3279:
3237:
2869:
2662:
1902:
464:
389:
377:
238:
226:
180:
117:
706:
454:
433:
17:
3070:
2491:
517:
Tasting Food, Tasting
Freedom: Excursions into Eating, Culture, and the Past
256:
did not introduce
Italian food to the French court to create haute cuisine.
726:
Food culture in France By Julia
Abramson, Greenwood Press (November 2006),
229:, to somewhat lighter dishes, and more modest presentations. Subsequently,
221:
typical French sauces still in use today. The 17th-century chef and writer
286:. These were simplifications and refinements of the early work of CarĂŞme,
3161:
702:
372:
had been used in the past, the modern usage can be attributed to authors
107:
443:
Within 20 years, however, chefs began returning to the earlier style of
67:
3166:
2864:
2784:
781:
325:
164:
3232:
458:
324:(the cuisine of affluent city dwellers), the working-class cuisine of
3176:
2598:
194:
in France, which was organized at the turn of the 20th century by
629:
Savoring the Past: The French
Kitchen and Table from 1300 to 1789
3210:
3181:
2854:
754:
3203:
593:
Haute Cuisine: How the French Invented the Culinary Profession
542:
Haute Cuisine: How the French Invented the Culinary Profession
515:
Sidney W. Mintz (1996). "Cuisine: High, Low, and Not at All".
567:
French Food: On the Table, on the Page, and in French Culture
740:, Paris, Ed. Perrin (coll. tempus n° 359), 2010, 381 pages.
750:
225:(1615-1678) marked a change from cookery as known in the
738:
Histoire de la cuisine et de la gastronomie françaises
190:
Trained kitchen staff was essential to the birth of
3154:
3121:
3058:
2890:
2803:
2484:
937:
788:
655:
653:
651:
544:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
590:Trubek, Amy B. (4 December 2000). "The British".
328:and homes, and cuisines of the French provinces.
447:, although many of the new techniques remained.
766:
8:
278:is a central figure in the modernisation of
364:The 1960s were marked by the appearance of
142:
773:
759:
751:
436:and was a direct juxtaposition to earlier
569:. New York: Routledge. pp. 229–241.
519:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 92–134.
330:
282:as of about 1900, which became known as
258:
493:
2960:Historical North Indian and Pakistani
645:: The True Story of Nouvelle Cuisine"
631:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 43–51.
412:, many of whom were once students of
136:
7:
3265:
3285:
237:interacted with the development of
30:For the film of the same name, see
705:attributed to Guillaume Tirel dit
301:(serving all dishes at once) with
25:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3243:
3231:
472:
457:
318:, and was a style distinct from
75:
66:
55:
46:
3295:
2950:Historical Indian subcontinent
1:
477:The dictionary definition of
93:. Clockwise from upper left:
3134:List of historical cuisines
2970:History of alcoholic drinks
987:Lowcountry (South Carolina)
641:André Gayot, "Of Stars and
388:to describe the cooking of
3347:
2421:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
714:University of Pennsylvania
357:
29:
3226:
276:Georges Auguste Escoffier
3040:Scottish royal household
2985:History of vegetarianism
1223:Central African Republic
502:"What is Haute Cuisine?"
716:Press (December 2000),
428:was a movement towards
2965:History of agriculture
540:Amy B. Trubek (2000).
350:
267:
27:Type of French cuisine
2935:Early modern European
2663:Indigenous Australian
2222:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1109:Bosnian-Herzegovinian
709:, medieval manuscript
339:dish in the style of
334:
262:
85:Four examples of the
3098:Molecular gastronomy
3030:Pre-contact Hawaiian
2940:Historical Argentine
2826:Mangalorean Catholic
1007:Pacific Northwestern
254:Catherine de' Medici
2955:Historical Japanese
2790:Transylvanian Saxon
2658:Indigenous American
3035:Korean royal court
2980:History of seafood
2945:Historical Chinese
2920:Antebellum America
2760:Pennsylvania Dutch
1372:Equatorial Guinean
1342:Dominican Republic
736:Patrick Rambourg,
627:Wheaton, Barbara.
504:. 6 December 2021.
351:
321:cuisine bourgeoise
311:Le Guide Culinaire
268:
200:brigade de cuisine
138:[otkÉĄizin]
3308:
3307:
3050:Thirteen Colonies
2910:Ancient Israelite
2110:Papua New Guinean
908:Intercontinental
746:978-2-262-03318-7
732:978-0-313-32797-1
722:978-0-8122-1776-6
688:978-1-859-84829-6
678:978-0-521-28696-1
341:Jacques Lameloise
284:cuisine classique
271:Cuisine classique
216:is influenced by
96:Tournedos Rossini
87:cuisine classique
16:(Redirected from
3338:
3331:Historical foods
3298:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3278:
3268:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3250:Drink portal
3248:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3235:
3216:Meal preparation
3129:List of cuisines
2975:History of bread
2900:Ancient Egyptian
2877:Ritual slaughter
2735:Louisiana Creole
2673:Italian American
2492:African American
1481:Greek Macedonian
775:
768:
761:
752:
660:
657:
646:
639:
633:
632:
624:
618:
617:
612:
610:
587:
581:
580:
562:
556:
555:
537:
531:
530:
512:
506:
505:
498:
476:
467:
462:
461:
426:Nouvelle cuisine
421:nouvelle cuisine
398:Pierre Troisgros
386:nouvelle cuisine
382:Christian Millau
370:nouvelle cuisine
366:nouvelle cuisine
360:Nouvelle cuisine
354:Nouvelle cuisine
337:nouvelle cuisine
196:August Escoffier
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
140:
135:
79:
70:
59:
50:
21:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3244:
3242:
3238:Food portal
3230:
3222:
3150:
3117:
3054:
2886:
2799:
2507:Arab-Indonesian
2480:
2461:Western Saharan
1933:Liechtensteiner
1498:Guinea-Bissauan
1134:Channel Islands
1022:Southwestern US
942:
933:
784:
779:
669:
667:Further reading
664:
663:
658:
649:
640:
636:
626:
625:
621:
608:
606:
604:
589:
588:
584:
577:
564:
563:
559:
552:
539:
538:
534:
527:
514:
513:
509:
500:
499:
495:
490:
463:
456:
453:
362:
356:
273:
173:
154:
151:
148:
145:
133:
125:
124:
123:
122:
82:
81:
80:
72:
71:
62:
61:
60:
52:
51:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3344:
3342:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3326:French cuisine
3323:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3282:
3272:
3262:
3252:
3240:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3139:Lists of foods
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2623:
2618:
2616:Greek-American
2613:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2247:Sierra Leonean
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1429:French Guianan
1426:
1421:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1149:Northern Irish
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
964:
959:
954:
948:
946:
935:
934:
932:
931:
930:
929:
927:Middle Eastern
924:
919:
917:Latin American
914:
906:
901:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
874:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
842:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
815:
814:
813:
808:
803:
792:
790:
786:
785:
780:
778:
777:
770:
763:
755:
749:
748:
734:
724:
710:
700:
690:
680:
668:
665:
662:
661:
647:
634:
619:
602:
582:
576:978-0415936286
575:
557:
551:978-0812217766
550:
532:
526:978-0807046296
525:
507:
492:
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
469:
468:
452:
449:
410:Raymond Oliver
402:Michel Guérard
358:Main article:
355:
352:
346:Michelin Guide
343:(a three-star
298:à la française
272:
269:
250:popular belief
231:Antonin CarĂŞme
218:French cuisine
172:
169:
160:grande cuisine
102:à la Maréchale
99:, veal cutlet
84:
83:
74:
73:
65:
64:
63:
54:
53:
45:
44:
43:
42:
41:
26:
24:
18:Grande cuisine
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3343:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3301:
3293:
3291:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3263:
3261:
3253:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Culinary arts
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Ancient Roman
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Ancient Greek
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2821:Goan Catholic
2819:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Crimean Tatar
2604:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:South African
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Saudi Arabian
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Luxembourgish
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Uttar Pradesh
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Maharashtrian
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Chhattisgarhi
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:East Timorese
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:Midwestern US
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
947:
945:
940:
936:
928:
925:
923:
922:Mediterranean
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
905:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
878:
875:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
846:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
819:
816:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
797:
794:
793:
791:
787:
783:
776:
771:
769:
764:
762:
757:
756:
753:
747:
743:
739:
735:
733:
729:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
704:
701:
699:
698:0-8070-4629-9
695:
691:
689:
685:
681:
679:
675:
671:
670:
666:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
638:
635:
630:
623:
620:
616:
605:
603:9780812217766
599:
595:
594:
586:
583:
578:
572:
568:
561:
558:
553:
547:
543:
536:
533:
528:
522:
518:
511:
508:
503:
497:
494:
487:
483:at Wiktionary
482:
481:
480:haute cuisine
475:
471:
470:
466:
460:
455:
450:
448:
446:
445:haute cuisine
441:
439:
438:haute cuisine
435:
431:
430:conceptualism
427:
422:
417:
415:
414:Fernand Point
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
361:
353:
348:
347:
342:
338:
333:
329:
327:
323:
322:
317:
316:haute cuisine
313:
312:
307:
306:
300:
299:
293:
292:Urbain Dubois
289:
285:
281:
280:haute cuisine
277:
270:
266:
265:haute cuisine
261:
257:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
235:haute cuisine
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
214:Haute cuisine
211:
209:
208:haute cuisine
205:
204:haute cuisine
201:
197:
193:
192:haute cuisine
188:
186:
185:Haute cuisine
182:
177:
176:Haute cuisine
171:Early history
170:
168:
166:
162:
161:
139:
131:
130:
129:Haute cuisine
120:
119:
114:
113:
109:
104:
103:
98:
97:
92:
91:haute cuisine
88:
78:
69:
58:
49:
40:
36:
34:
33:Haute Cuisine
19:
3103:Note by Note
3092:
3081:New American
2770:Pontic Greek
2651:South Indian
2646:North Indian
2317:Extremaduran
2207:Saint Lucian
1881:South Korean
1876:North Korean
1740:Palembangese
1668:Uttarakhandi
1154:Saint Helena
1144:Gibraltarian
1012:Puerto Rican
737:
642:
637:
628:
622:
614:
607:. Retrieved
592:
585:
566:
560:
541:
535:
516:
510:
496:
479:
444:
442:
437:
425:
420:
419:In general,
418:
394:Alain Chapel
385:
369:
365:
363:
344:
336:
319:
315:
309:
304:
297:
288:Jules Gouffé
283:
279:
274:
264:
248:Contrary to
247:
234:
213:
212:
207:
203:
191:
189:
184:
175:
174:
159:
158:
152:high cooking
128:
127:
126:
116:
112:sauce Nantua
106:
100:
94:
90:
86:
39:
32:
3290:WikiProject
2870:Kosher food
2252:Singaporean
2242:Seychellois
2217:Sammarinese
2100:Palestinian
2060:New Zealand
2030:Montenegrin
2000:Mauritanian
1995:Marshallese
1807:Piedmontese
1735:Minangkabau
1705:Gorontalese
1486:Heptanesean
1402:Kapampangan
1325:Greenlandic
1201:Cameroonian
1069:Bangladeshi
1059:Azerbaijani
1017:Southern US
1002:New Mexican
997:New English
972:Californian
789:Continental
465:Food portal
406:Roger Vergé
396:, Jean and
390:Paul Bocuse
384:, who used
378:Henri Gault
374:André Gayot
239:fine dining
227:Middle Ages
181:bourgeoisie
118:Pommes Anna
110:de brochet
3315:Categories
3113:Vegetarian
2892:Historical
2636:Indonesian
2584:Indonesian
2554:Australian
2476:Zimbabwean
2456:Vietnamese
2451:Venezuelan
2339:Sri Lankan
2307:Cantabrian
2282:Andalusian
2232:Senegalese
2212:Salvadoran
2160:Circassian
2130:Portuguese
2115:Paraguayan
2105:Panamanian
2065:Nicaraguan
2040:Mozambican
2020:Monégasque
1973:Sarawakian
1948:Macedonian
1938:Lithuanian
1802:Neapolitan
1675:Indonesian
1633:Rajasthani
1608:Meghalayan
1583:Jharkhandi
1538:Arunachali
1493:Guatemalan
1424:La RĂ©union
1357:Ecuadorian
1332:Djiboutian
1079:Belarusian
1049:Australian
977:Floribbean
707:Taillevent
488:References
434:minimalism
305:Ă la russe
223:La Varenne
3192:sociology
3071:Fast food
3066:Classique
2930:Byzantine
2831:Mennonite
2816:Christian
2804:Religious
2765:Peranakan
2713:Sephardic
2698:Ethiopian
2688:Ashkenazi
2641:Malaysian
2594:Pakistani
2589:Malaysian
2564:Cambodian
2514:Aromanian
2446:Vanuatuan
2436:Uruguayan
2431:Ukrainian
2384:Zanzibari
2379:Tanzanian
2369:Taiwanese
2332:Valencian
2327:Manchegan
2262:Slovenian
2175:Mordovian
2095:Pakistani
2085:Norwegian
2025:Mongolian
2005:Mauritian
1980:Maldivian
1963:Malaysian
1856:Jordanian
1817:Sardinian
1777:Abruzzese
1745:Sundanese
1730:Minahasan
1653:Telangana
1638:Sikkimese
1588:Karnataka
1523:Icelandic
1518:Hungarian
1387:Ethiopian
1337:Dominican
1290:Congolese
1285:Colombian
1253:Hong Kong
1248:Cantonese
1216:Québécois
1196:Cambodian
1191:Burundian
1181:Burkinabé
1176:Bulgarian
1129:Anguillia
1119:Brazilian
1099:Bhutanese
1074:Barbadian
1039:Argentine
860:Levantine
850:Caucasian
823:Caribbean
198:into the
3280:Cookbook
3260:Category
3162:Cookbook
3144:Prepared
3108:Nouvelle
3086:Eurasian
3015:Medieval
2811:Buddhist
2745:Ossetian
2730:Livonian
2708:Moroccan
2693:Bukharan
2683:American
2621:Hazaragi
2599:Peruvian
2574:Filipino
2569:Canadian
2549:American
2519:Assyrian
2416:Tuvaluan
2401:Tunisian
2396:Togolese
2344:Sudanese
2322:Galician
2302:Canarian
2292:Balearic
2287:Asturian
2140:Romanian
2120:Peruvian
2075:Nigerian
2055:Nepalese
2045:Namibian
2035:Moroccan
2015:Moldovan
1958:Malawian
1953:Malagasy
1923:Liberian
1913:Lebanese
1849:Okinawan
1844:Japanese
1839:Jamaican
1827:Venetian
1822:Sicilian
1797:Lucanian
1787:Ligurian
1725:Makassar
1720:Madurese
1715:Javanese
1685:Balinese
1680:Acehnese
1603:Manipuri
1578:Kashmiri
1573:Haryanvi
1568:Gujarati
1543:Assamese
1513:Honduran
1476:Epirotic
1461:Ghanaian
1451:Georgian
1441:Gabonese
1419:Corsican
1397:Filipino
1382:Estonian
1377:Eritrean
1362:Egyptian
1295:Croatian
1278:Xinjiang
1263:Shandong
1258:Macanese
1206:Canadian
1171:Bruneian
1159:Scottish
1114:Botswana
1104:Bolivian
1094:Beninese
1089:Belizean
1064:Bahraini
1054:Austrian
1044:Armenian
982:Hawaiian
967:American
962:Algerian
957:Albanian
944:regional
939:National
904:Oceanian
877:European
818:Americas
782:Cuisines
703:Viandier
609:9 August
451:See also
303:service
296:service
108:Quenelle
89:form of
3321:Cuisine
3300:Outline
3270:Commons
3187:history
3167:Cooking
3155:Related
3025:Peasant
3020:Ottoman
2990:Hittite
2865:Kashrut
2848:Chinese
2843:Islamic
2755:Pashtun
2725:Kurdish
2703:Mizrahi
2631:English
2559:British
2544:Chinese
2524:Balochi
2471:Zambian
2426:Ugandan
2411:Turkmen
2406:Turkish
2354:Swedish
2312:Catalan
2277:Spanish
2237:Serbian
2202:Rwandan
2165:Cossack
2155:Chechen
2150:Bashkir
2145:Russian
2050:Nauruan
2010:Mexican
1990:Maltese
1968:Sabahan
1918:Lesotho
1908:Latvian
1893:Kuwaiti
1888:Kosovan
1834:Ivorian
1792:Lombard
1782:Apulian
1772:Italian
1767:Israeli
1752:Iranian
1658:Tripuri
1628:Punjabi
1548:Bengali
1508:Haitian
1503:Guinean
1446:Gambian
1434:Occitan
1409:Finnish
1367:Emirati
1320:Faroese
1305:Cypriot
1273:Tibetan
1268:Sichuan
1243:Beijing
1238:Chinese
1233:Chilean
1228:Chadian
1211:Acadian
1186:Burmese
1139:English
1124:British
1084:Belgian
1034:Angolan
892:Eastern
887:Central
855:Central
796:African
326:bistros
243:Britain
165:gourmet
146:
134:French:
3076:Fusion
3059:Styles
3045:Soviet
3010:Mughal
3005:Muisca
2795:Yup'ik
2785:Tejano
2775:Romani
2718:Syrian
2678:Jewish
2626:Indian
2611:Gagauz
2579:Indian
2534:Buryat
2529:Berber
2485:Ethnic
2466:Yemeni
2364:Syrian
2297:Basque
2267:Somali
2257:Slovak
2190:Udmurt
2135:Qatari
2125:Polish
2080:Niuean
1985:Malian
1928:Libyan
1898:Kyrgyz
1871:Korean
1866:Kenyan
1861:Kazakh
1700:Betawi
1690:Banjar
1643:Sindhi
1593:Kerala
1553:Bihari
1533:Andhra
1528:Indian
1471:Cretan
1456:German
1414:French
1392:Fijian
1315:Danish
952:Afghan
912:Global
882:Balkan
744:
730:
720:
696:
686:
676:
643:Tripes
600:
573:
548:
523:
380:, and
35:(film)
3177:Drink
3122:Lists
3093:Haute
3000:Mayan
2925:Aztec
2838:Hindu
2750:Parsi
2740:Malay
2668:Inuit
2539:Cajun
2441:Uzbek
2374:Tajik
2359:Swiss
2349:Swazi
2195:Yamal
2185:Tatar
2180:Sakha
2090:Omani
2070:Niger
1812:Roman
1762:Irish
1757:Iraqi
1695:Batak
1648:Tamil
1466:Greek
1347:Dutch
1310:Czech
1300:Cuban
1164:Welsh
1027:Texan
865:South
845:Asian
833:South
828:North
801:North
349:chef)
157:) or
3211:Meal
3199:Diet
3182:Food
2995:Inca
2882:Sikh
2860:Jain
2855:Ital
2780:Sámi
2502:Arab
2497:Ainu
2391:Thai
2170:Komi
1710:Indo
1623:Odia
1618:Naga
1613:Mizo
1563:Goan
897:list
870:list
838:list
811:list
806:West
742:ISBN
728:ISBN
718:ISBN
694:ISBN
684:ISBN
674:ISBN
611:2021
598:ISBN
571:ISBN
546:ISBN
521:ISBN
432:and
408:and
290:and
143:lit.
3204:Fat
1903:Lao
941:and
241:in
115:,
3317::
650:^
613:.
416:.
404:,
400:,
392:,
376:,
335:A
252:,
245:.
141:;
105:,
774:e
767:t
760:v
579:.
554:.
529:.
155:'
149:'
132:(
121:.
37:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
