479:
366:, selectable by a switch mounted on the right side of the dial, allowing one to silence the chimes if desired. As a result of adding chime sequences, all modern mechanical longcase clocks have three weights instead of only two. The left weight provides power for the hour strike, the middle-weight provides power for the clock's pendulum and general timekeeping functions, and the right weight provides power for the quarter-hour chime sequences.
268:(also called a "Royal" pendulum) meaning that each swing (or half-period) takes one second. They are about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) long (to the centre of the bob), requiring a long, narrow case. That case pre-dated the anchor clock by a few decades, appearing in clocks in 1660, to allow a long drop for the powering weights. However, once the seconds pendulum began to be used, the long case proved perfect for housing it as well.
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In the early 20th century, quarter-hour chime sequences were added to longcase clocks. A full chime sequence sounds at the top of each hour, immediately followed by the hour strike. At 15 minutes after each hour, 1/4 of the chime sequence plays. Proceeding that, at the bottom of each hour, 1/2 of the
340:
Cable clocks are wound by inserting a special crank (called a "key") into holes in the clock's face and turning it. Others, however, are chain-driven, meaning that the weights are suspended by chains that wrap around gears in the clock's mechanism, with the other end of the chain hanging down next to
329:
clocks have eight-day mechanical quarter chiming and full hour striking movements. Most longcase clocks are cable-driven, meaning that cables suspend the weights. If the cable was attached directly to the weight, the load would cause rotation and untwist the cable strands, so the cable wraps around a
411:
Production of these clocks began in 1680 and continued for about 230 years. During the peak production years (1850–1890) over 60,000 clocks were made each year. These clocks were trendy across the generations; they kept the time on farms throughout France. Many
Comtoise clocks can be found in France
106:
The
English clockmaker William Clement is credited with developing the form in 1670. Pendulum clocks were the world's most accurate timekeeping technology until the early 20th century, and longcase clocks, due to their superior accuracy, served as time standards for households and businesses. Today,
261:
The anchor mechanism reduced the pendulum's swing to around 4 to 6 degrees, allowing clockmakers to use longer pendulums, which had slower "beats". They consumed less power, allowing clocks to run longer between windings, caused less friction and wear in the movement, and were more accurate. Almost
98:
held inside the tower or waist of the case. Clocks of this style are commonly 1.8–2.4 metres (6–8 feet) tall with an enclosed pendulum and weights, suspended by either cables or chains, which have to be occasionally calibrated to keep the proper time. The case often features elaborately carved
289:
Between 1680 and 1800, the average price of a grandfather clock in
England remained steady at £1 10s. In 1680, that was the amount paid by an average working family for a year's rent, so the purchase of clocks was confined to the wealthy. But by 1800, wages had increased enough to allow many lower
328:
By contrast, 30-hour clocks often had a single weight to drive the timekeeping and striking mechanisms. Some 30-hour clocks were made with false keyholes for customers who wanted guests to think that the household was able to afford the more expensive eight-day clock. All modern striking longcase
321:: eight-day and one-day (30-hour) movements. A clock with an eight-day movement required winding only once a week, while generally less-expensive 30-hour clocks had to be wound daily. Eight-day clocks are often driven by two weights – one driving the pendulum and the other the
181:, England. When he asked about the clock, he was informed that it had had two owners. After the first owner died, the clock became inaccurate, and when the second owner died, the clock stopped working altogether. The story inspired Henry to create the song.
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416:, less in the United States. Many Comtoise clocks were also exported to other countries in Europe and even farther, to the Ottoman Empire and as far as Thailand. A wooden sheath usually protected the metal mechanisms during transport.
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408:(hence their name). Features distinguishing this style are a curving "potbellied" case and a greater use of curved lines. A heavy, elongated, highly ornamented pendulum bob often extends up the case (see photo).
363:
235:
mechanism, which required very wide pendulum swings of about 80–100 degrees. Long pendulums with such wide swings could not be fitted within a case, so most free-standing clocks had short pendulums.
184:
Grandfather clocks are of a certain height, usually at least 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in). There are also so-called "grandmother" and "granddaughter" clocks, which are slightly shorter.
1058:
Grandfather's clock , a furniture-dealer's name for the kind of weight-and-pendulum eight-day clock in a tall case, formerly in common use; also grandfather clock (now the usual name):
30:
8-day longcase clock. This example dates back to 1700 and the case to late 19th – early 20th century. The original dial of this clock was replaced by a brass dial with
271:
British clockmaker
William Clement, who disputed credit for the anchor escapement with Robert Hooke, had made the first longcase clocks by 1680. Later the same year,
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253:
191:
is 35 feet 10 inches (10.92 m) tall and is fully operational, with chimes on each quarter hour. It was made by
Svoboda Industries in 1976 as a
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chime sequence plays. Then finally, at 15 minutes before each hour, 3/4 of the chime sequence plays. The chime tune used in almost all longcase clocks is
1317:
2045:
1881:
252:
275:, the most prominent British clockmaker, was making them too. Longcase clocks spread rapidly from England to other European countries and Asia.
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325:, which usually consisted of a bell or chimes. Such movements usually have two keyholes, one on each side of the dial, to wind each weight.
20:
1400:
1327:
1243:
1230:
Time's
Pendulum: From Sundials to Atomic Clocks, the Fascinating History of Timekeeping and how Our Discoveries Changed the World
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1995:
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and weights. The two chains attached to the weights and the lack of winding holes in the dial show this to be a 30-hour clock.
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890:
Ilmajoki Museum is
Masters of Könni manufactured horse vehicles, clocks, looms, locks, tools, machine of gear "keervärkki"
1260:
1957:
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work with floral meanders. The lower part of the case depicts mythological scenes and the case was manufactured at the
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Maker: Benjamin
Bagnall Sr. (British, active in Boston, Massachusetts, America, 1689-1773). DATE: 1730–1745
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Harry
Williams – Oxford Cabinet Company Pty Ltd (1946–1961), Granville, New South Wales, Australia
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numerals, perhaps around the same time as the case. The original long-case was also replaced by a
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The first longcase clocks, like all clocks prior to the anchor escapement, had only one hand; an
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Bornholm clock-making began in the 1740s when an
English ship, which had longcase clocks in its
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and as a result of his repair of them he learned enough about clocks to begin to make his own.
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in about 1658. Before adopting the anchor mechanism, pendulum clock movements used an older
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is responsible for the common name "grandfather clock" being applied to the longcase clock.
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Modern longcase clocks use a more accurate variation of the anchor escapement called the
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1182:. Vol. 22, no. 2. Inst. of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Archived from
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1261:"The Long Case Clock: The science and engineering that goes into a grandfather clock"
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282:. The increased accuracy made possible by the anchor motivated the addition of the
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of that arrangement also doubles the running time allowed by a given weight drop.
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Lateral view of a longcase clock movement without striking mechanism, mid-1800s
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ornamentation on the hood (or bonnet), which surrounds and frames the dial, or
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from 1745 to 1900. In Sweden a special variety of longcase clocks was made in
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187. Tall Clock: Boston, 1725-1740: Movement by Benjamin Bagnall (1689-1773)
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but they are also frequently found in Spain, Germany, and other parts of
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is master of Jaakko Könni manufactured table clocks and pocket watches
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Safford, Frances Gruber; Heckscher, Morrison H.; Rogers, Mary-Alice;
1146:"Kewaunee Area Chamber of Commerce World's Tallest Grandfather Clock"
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345:, lifting the weights until they are just under the clock's face.
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The advent of the longcase clock was due to the invention of the
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1043:
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Ellis Houlgrave (1759 – 1793), son of Edward Houlgrave, b.
317:
Traditionally, longcase clocks were made with two types of
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Most of a longcase clock's height is used to hold the long
246:
longcase clock movement with striking mechanism, circa 1730
1072:"Difference Between a Grandfather & Grandmother Clock"
486:
in Poland, mounted with use of imported components marked
404:, are a style of longcase clock made in the French region
482:
Longcase clock from about 1750 in the District Museum in
173:, who discovered a longcase clock in The George Hotel in
1488:
341:
the weight. To wind a chain-driven longcase clock, one
42:
style. The front and the side panels are done in metal
1122:"World's Tallest Grandfather Clock | Travel Wisconsin"
1176:"Origin and Evolution of the Anchor Clock Escapement"
1097:"Grandfather Clock History and what you need to know"
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2109:
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1956:
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290:middle-class households to own grandfather clocks.
1227:
16:A tall, freestanding, weight-driven pendulum clock
1299:. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company. p.
994:Pendulum swinging on a grandfather clock in Japan
919:Aaron Brokaw (1768–1853), Bridge Town, New Jersey
428:Bornholm clock made by Edvart Sonne, from Rønne,
169:The song was composed by the American songwriter
1047:(available online to subscribers, also in print)
462:, was stranded. They were sent for repair to a
107:they are kept mainly for their decorative and
1504:
598:John Clement & Son (Tring, Hertfordshire)
8:
2194:
1568:
1511:
1497:
1489:
1208:A Treatise on Watch-Work, Past and Present
1169:
1167:
1165:
958:Zachariah Grandfather Clocks (1975–1987),
570:William Bucknall, Burslem (Stoke-on-Trent)
90:) is a tall, freestanding, weight-driven
1288:
1286:
286:to clock faces in the next few decades.
1271:. Viterbi School of Engineering, USC: 4
1035:
333:mounted to the top of each weight. The
1430:
1420:
1319:The Origins of the Consumer Revolution
1234:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp.
1019:(owned now by Howard Miller Clock Co.)
257:The "tick-tock" of a grandfather clock
1351:"Nantwich Clockmakers: Enoch Hawksey"
1211:. London: E.& F.N. Spon. p.
7:
2445:
1025:- (reopened under the Colibri Group)
925:(1746–1826), Bridge Town, New Jersey
636:Thomas Hackney, London, c. 1700–1750
964:Daniel White Griswold (1767-1844),
686:Edward Houlgrave (1739 – 1789), b.
38:-shaped wooden carved case done in
148:states that the popular 1876 song
21:Grandfather Clock (disambiguation)
14:
443:longcase clocks and were made on
206:Clock-face signature of Tim Mason
189:world's tallest grandfather clock
111:value, having been superseded by
2444:
2435:
2434:
1476:
1322:. Joanne Sear. 17 January 2020.
561:Samuel Bowles, Wimbourne, Dorset
554:Joseph Bowles, Winbourne (i.e.:
358:. Many also offer the option of
1293:Moore, N. Hudson Moore (1903).
1205:Nelthropp, H. Leonard (1873).
936:Elizabeth Township, New Jersey
913:Benjamin Bagnall (1689–1773),
343:pulls on the end of each chain
50:. This clock is on display in
1:
739:William Lassell (1758–1790),
131:Longcase clock circa 1730 by
928:Silas Merriman (1733–1805),
466:named Poul Ottesen Arboe in
349:Elaborate striking sequences
2249:Geological history of Earth
1044:"Oxford English Dictionary"
1011:Howard Miller Clock Company
662:Enoch Hawksey (d. 1799) of
621:Matthew & Thomas Dutton
2494:
1601:Orders of magnitude (time)
1389:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1379:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1259:Chappell, Jessica (2000).
1226:Barnett, Jo Ellen (1999).
1174:Headrick, Michael (2002).
1101:grandfather-clock-info.com
885:Finnish Museum of Horology
754:Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
262:all longcase clocks use a
195:project and is located in
163:Timothy Mason (clockmaker)
137:Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
133:Timothy Mason (clockmaker)
52:The Prince of Wales Museum
18:
2430:
2312:Time translation symmetry
1023:Seth Thomas Clock Company
145:Oxford English Dictionary
1180:Control Systems magazine
474:Historical manufacturers
2267:Absolute space and time
1918:Astronomical chronology
934:Aaron Miller ( –1778),
670:, active c. 1779 – 1799
2317:Time reversal symmetry
1621:Italian six-hour clock
1305:william clement clock.
1296:The Old Furniture Book
995:
966:Harwinton, Connecticut
954:Roxbury, Massachusetts
930:New Haven, Connecticut
558:), Dorset; active 1791
495:
488:Wiliam Jourdain London
433:
379:
314:
258:
247:
220:
207:
166:
161:Clock face circa 1730
151:My Grandfather's Clock
139:
63:
2082:Time and fate deities
2027:The Unreality of Time
1966:A series and B series
999:Current manufacturers
993:
901:Ansonia Clock Company
788:John Trubshaw, London
551:, Redlynch, Wiltshire
481:
427:
377:
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48:Madras School of Arts
29:
2333:Chronological dating
2302:Theory of relativity
1646:Daylight saving time
1485:at Wikimedia Commons
1451:Dallas Museum of Art
1395:. pp. 290–291.
972:Australian casemaker
905:Ansonia, Connecticut
517:Allam & Clements
364:St. Michael's chimes
356:Westminster Quarters
335:mechanical advantage
19:For other uses, see
1626:Thai six-hour clock
1186:on October 25, 2009
846:W Egan & Sons,
736:, Oxford and London
591:Woodbridge, Suffolk
295:deadbeat escapement
197:Kewaunee, Wisconsin
80:grandfather's clock
58:and was donated by
2156:Rosy retrospection
2134:Mental chronometry
1958:Philosophy of time
996:
909:Brooklyn, New York
858:Alexander Gordon,
758:Alexander Miller,
654:Barrow upon Humber
609:Richard Donisthorp
496:
434:
380:
360:Whittington chimes
323:striking mechanism
315:
259:
248:
242:Lateral view of a
221:
208:
167:
140:
64:
2458:
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2368:
2367:
2343:Circadian rhythms
2161:Tense–aspect–mood
2016:Temporal finitism
1893:
1892:
1869:Grandfather clock
1481:Media related to
1449:. Dallas, Texas:
1443:"Tall Case Clock"
991:
960:Chicago, Illinois
852:Ezekiel Bullock,
805:Thomas Worswick,
639:Edward Harrison,
595:Thomas Cartwright
490:and adorned with
432:in the late 1700s
420:Bornholm and Mora
254:
225:anchor escapement
68:grandfather clock
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2448:
2447:
2438:
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2355:Glottochronology
2195:
2111:Human experience
1971:B-theory of time
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1387:. New York: The
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992:
827:Stephen Harris,
714:Thomas Husband,
624:Peter Fearnley,
573:Thomas Bullock,
541:Thomas Birchall
526:William Barrow,
390:, also known as
265:seconds pendulum
255:
233:verge escapement
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2476:Longcase clocks
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2454:
2426:
2417:Time immemorial
2364:
2321:
2282:Coordinate time
2253:
2207:Geological time
2183:
2166:Time management
2129:Generation time
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1952:
1911:
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1483:Longcase clocks
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1017:Ridgeway Clocks
1001:
981:
876:Könnin mestarit
782:John Snelling,
674:Nathaniel Hedge
630:John Fernhill,
601:Thomas Dobbie,
579:Samuel Buxton,
564:Robert Bryson,
520:Samuel Ashton,
476:
437:Bornholm clocks
422:
388:Comtoise clocks
385:
372:
351:
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171:Henry Clay Work
165:of Gainsborough
125:
76:tall-case clock
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2350:Clock reaction
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2149:time signature
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2021:Temporal parts
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Eternal return
1988:
1983:
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1976:Chronocentrism
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72:longcase clock
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1938:Periodization
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1641:Relative hour
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1636:24-hour clock
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1631:12-hour clock
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952:(1753–1848),
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814:Henry Young,
813:
811:Thomas Wright
810:
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798:James Woolley
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776:Thomas Ross,
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750:Timothy Mason
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244:Timothy Mason
240:
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227:mechanism by
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119:timekeepers.
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28:
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2412:Time capsule
2406:Tempus fugit
2404:
2326:Other fields
2025:
2006:Perdurantism
1928:Calendar era
1880:
1873:
1868:
1859:Cuckoo clock
1796:astronomical
1770:
1596:Unit of time
1527:Key concepts
1460:
1454:. Retrieved
1446:
1415:Google Books
1413:– via
1393:Random House
1383:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1318:
1312:
1304:
1295:
1273:. Retrieved
1268:
1264:
1254:
1229:
1221:
1207:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:the original
1179:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1140:
1129:. Retrieved
1125:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1100:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:
1065:
1057:
1050:. Retrieved
1038:
1013:– Zeeland MI
1007:– Amherst VA
971:
970:
941:Luman Watson
923:Isaac Brokaw
894:
893:
865:
864:
840:
839:
772:Daniel Quare
734:Joseph Knibb
701:, active in
690:, active in
617:Loughborough
507:or Alker of
498:
497:
487:
457:
436:
435:
410:
398:
391:
387:
386:
352:
339:
327:
316:
292:
288:
277:
270:
263:
260:
229:Robert Hooke
222:
193:Bicentennial
186:
183:
175:Piercebridge
168:
149:
143:
141:
105:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
40:South Indian
2422:Time travel
2400:System time
2307:Time domain
2292:Proper time
2116:use of time
2087:Father Time
2067:Immortality
2057:Ages of Man
1986:Endurantism
1943:Regnal year
1923:Big History
1852:water-based
1751:Solar Hijri
1661:Hexadecimal
1611:Measurement
1573:Chronometry
1559:Measurement
1447:Collections
1431:|work=
871:Masters of
821:John Wyld,
587:John Calver
549:Peter Bower
492:chinoiserie
453:Mora clocks
301:Description
284:minute hand
94:, with the
88:floor clock
2465:Categories
2124:Chronemics
2099:Kalachakra
2011:Presentism
1996:Eternalism
1902:Chronology
1840:mechanical
1791:Main types
1709:Main types
1456:2019-01-02
1335:4 February
1155:2023-08-02
1131:2023-08-02
1030:References
945:Cincinnati
823:Nottingham
768:, Scotland
730:and London
724:John Knibb
678:Colchester
641:Warrington
615:1797), of
545:, Cheshire
513:Lancashire
505:John Alker
101:clock face
84:hall clock
60:Dorab Tata
2380:Leap year
2297:Spacetime
2171:Yesterday
2072:Dreamtime
2046:Mythology
1933:Deep time
1845:stopwatch
1820:hourglass
1801:astrarium
1731:Gregorian
1724:Lunisolar
1701:Calendars
1691:Time zone
1564:standards
1433:ignored (
1423:cite book
1052:April 19,
895:Americans
829:Tonbridge
818:, Norfolk
807:Lancaster
745:Liverpool
710:Edinburgh
699:Liverpool
688:Liverpool
650:Wakefield
605:, Glasgow
583:, Norfolk
566:Edinburgh
556:Wimbourne
522:Ashbourne
451:, called
280:hour hand
2440:Category
2188:Time in
2179:Tomorrow
2041:Religion
1981:Duration
1948:Timeline
1882:Timeline
1681:Sidereal
1549:Eternity
1411:11971332
1381:(1985).
1361:27 March
1275:June 19,
880:Ilmajoki
835:Llanrwst
816:Swaffham
766:Stirling
764:Peddie,
760:Montrose
694:c. 1780s
668:Cheshire
664:Nantwich
543:Nantwich
537:Somerset
445:Bornholm
430:Bornholm
383:Comtoise
319:movement
311:pendulum
96:pendulum
70:(also a
44:repoussé
2450:Commons
2373:Related
2287:Instant
2277:Chronon
2259:Physics
2199:Geology
2190:science
2062:Destiny
1907:History
1875:History
1830:sundial
1813:quantum
1756:Chinese
1746:Islamic
1656:Decimal
1651:Chinese
1613:systems
1539:Present
1265:Illumin
1190:June 6,
1150:chamber
866:Finnish
793:Bristol
791:Warry,
741:Toxteth
680:, Essex
632:Wrexham
603:Gorbals
499:British
393:Morbier
117:digital
109:antique
36:mandapa
2390:Moment
2385:Memory
2237:period
1825:marine
1808:atomic
1783:Clocks
1741:Hebrew
1736:Julian
1671:Metric
1544:Future
1409:
1399:
1357:. 2024
1326:
1242:
1076:hunker
915:Boston
860:Dublin
854:Lurgan
801:Codnor
743:Park,
728:Oxford
703:London
692:London
683:Holmes
658:London
528:London
494:motifs
484:Tarnów
464:turner
441:Danish
414:Europe
402:clocks
395:clocks
331:pulley
211:Origin
123:Naming
113:analog
56:Mumbai
2395:Space
2227:epoch
2217:chron
2175:Today
2144:tempo
2139:Music
2001:Event
1835:watch
1719:Lunar
1714:Solar
1686:Solar
1676:Roman
1666:Hindu
1236:91–92
873:Könni
841:Irish
784:Alton
626:Wigan
509:Wigan
468:Rønne
400:Morez
370:Types
32:Tamil
2114:and
2077:Kāla
1772:List
1766:Maya
1562:and
1534:Past
1520:Time
1440:(2)
1435:help
1407:OCLC
1397:ISBN
1391:and
1375:(1)
1363:2024
1337:2020
1324:ISBN
1277:2008
1240:ISBN
1192:2007
1108:2019
1083:2019
1054:2009
907:and
848:Cork
778:Hull
716:Hull
581:Diss
460:hold
449:Mora
439:are
187:The
142:The
115:and
2232:era
2222:eon
2212:age
1591:TAI
1581:UTC
1301:205
613:fl.
397:or
362:or
135:of
86:or
54:in
2467::
2177:–
2173:–
1586:UT
1459:.
1445:.
1427::
1425:}}
1421:{{
1405:.
1353:.
1303:.
1285:^
1267:.
1263:.
1238:.
1213:84
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1164:^
1148:.
1124:.
1099:.
1074:.
1056:.
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666:,
648:,
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297:.
199:.
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66:A
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1437:)
1417:.
1365:.
1339:.
1279:.
1269:1
1248:.
1215:.
1194:.
1158:.
1134:.
1110:.
1085:.
656:/
652:/
611:(
62:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
