567:'s vigorous subscription to the broken window theory promoted the aggressive anti-graffiti campaign in New York City in the early 1980s, resulting in "the buff"; a chemical wash for trains that dissolved the paint. New York City has adopted a strenuous zero tolerance policy ever since. However, throughout the world, authorities often treat graffiti as a minor-nuisance crime, though with widely varying penalties. In New York City rooftops became the mainstream graffiti location after graffiti on trains died out.
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this time as well. The overall creativity and artistic maturation of this time period did not go unnoticed by the public – Hugo
Martinez founded the United graffitists (UGA) in 1972. UGA consisted of many top graffitists of the time and aimed to present graffiti in an art gallery setting. By 1974, graffitists had begun to incorporate the use of scenery and cartoon characters into their work. TF5 (The Fabulous Five), was a crew which was known for their elaborately designed whole cars.
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the New York
Administrative Code banned the sale of aerosol spray-paint cans to children under 18. The law also requires that merchants who sell spray paint must either lock it in a case or display the cans behind a counter, out of reach of potential shoplifters. Violations of the city's anti-graffiti law carry fines of US$ 350 per incident.
527:" issue, and its detractors suggest that the presence of graffiti contributes to a general sense of squalor and a heightened fear of crime. Graffiti has a strong negative influence on property values and lowers the tax base, reducing the available funding for municipal services, such as schools, fire protection, and sanitation.
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maintenance. "Top-to-bottoms" evolved to take up entire subway cars. A notable development was the "throw-up", which is more complex than simple "tagging" but not as intricate as a "piece". Not long after their introduction, throw-ups led to races to see who could do the largest number in the shortest time.
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Many graffitists, however, chose to see the new problems as a challenge rather than a reason to quit. A downside to these challenges was that they became very territorial of good spots, and strength and unity in numbers became increasingly important. Some of the mentionable graffitists from this era
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Also taking place during this era was the movement from outside on the city streets to the subways. Graffiti also saw its first seeds of competition around this time. The goal of most graffitists at this point was having as many tags and bombs in as many places as possible. Graffitists began to break
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5.160 Graffiti
Prohibited (1) It is unlawful and a violation of this Ordinance for any person to place or put by any means, any drawing, inscription, figure, symbol, mark, or any type of graffiti on any public or private property without the consent of the owner, occupant or responsible party of the
316:, retiring hundreds of worn out carbon-steel bodied subway cars whose exteriors had made an ideal canvas for taggers. As a result of rolling stock being harder to paint, more graffitists went into the streets, which is now, along with commuter trains and box cars, the most prevalent form of writing.
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In 1992, an ordinance was passed in
Chicago that bans the sale and possession of spray paint and certain types of etching equipment and markers. The law falls under Chapter 8-4: Public Peace & Welfare, Section 100: Vagrancy. The specific law (8-4-130) makes graffiti an offense with a fine of no
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set up the Anti-Graffiti Task Force, a multi-agency initiative to combat the perceived problem of graffiti vandals in New York City. This began a crackdown on "quality of life crimes" throughout the city, and one of the largest anti-graffiti campaigns in U.S. history. That same year Title 10–117 of
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By the mid-1970s, most standards had been set in graffiti writing and culture. The heaviest "bombing" in U.S. history took place in this period, partially because of the economic restraints on New York City, which limited its ability to combat this art form with graffiti removal programs or transit
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contains a section of the city known as Art Alley, a back alley in the downtown district between Main Street and Saint Joseph Street and stretching from 6th to 7th Street. It first began to properly form around 2005, and has expanded since. While graffiti is largely illegal in Rapid City and there
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The use of designs such as polka dots, crosshatches, and checkers became increasingly popular. Spray paint use increased dramatically around this time as graffitists began to expand their work. "Top-to-bottoms", works which span the entire height of a subway car, made their first appearance around
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In 2005, the city of
Pittsburgh implemented a customized database-driven graffiti tracking system to build evidence for prosecution of graffiti suspects by linking tags to instances of graffiti. One of the first suspects to be identified by the system as being responsible for significant graffiti
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appearance because, due to the huge number of participants, each participant needed a way to distinguish themselves. Aside from the growing complexity and creativity, tags also began to grow in size and scale – for example, many graffitists had begun to increase letter size and line thickness, as
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of the 1960s. The "pioneering era" of graffiti took place during the years 1969 through 1974. This time period was a time of change in popularity and style. New York City was the main hub of the art form. Graffitists during this time period sought to put as many markings up as possible around the
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The intentional application of graffiti is inclusive under the state statute ORS 164.354 - Criminal
Mischief II without regard to amount of damage. It is punishable by up to one year of incarceration. Additionally, applying graffiti in which the damage exceeds $ 1,000 or on certain categories of
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Prior to the Clean Train
Movement, the streets were largely left untouched not only in New York City but in other major American cities as well. After the transit company began diligently cleaning their trains, graffiti burst onto the streets of America to an unsuspecting, unappreciative public.
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The current era in graffiti is characterized by a majority of participants moving from train carriages to "street galleries". The Clean Train
Movement started in May 1989, when New York City attempted to remove all of the subway cars found with graffiti on them out of the transit system, as they
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A person commits the crime of criminal mischief in the first degree who, with intent to damage property, and having no right to do so nor reasonable ground to believe that the person has such right: (a) Damages or destroys property of another:(A) In an amount exceeding $ 1,000; (E) Which is the
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5.05.093 Graffiti. No person shall place, or cause to be placed, graffiti upon any property in the City of
Beaverton. No owner or occupant of property shall allow graffiti to be on the property. Property upon which graffiti has been placed and has remained for more than seven (7) days is hereby
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and Skeme. This was stated to be the end for the casual New York City Subway graffitists, and the years to follow would be populated by only what some consider the most "die-hard" graffitists. People often found that making graffiti around their local areas was an easy way to get caught so they
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are writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings. Graffiti, consisting of the defacement of public spaces and buildings, remains a nuisance issue for cities.
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are no ordinances condoning it, Art Alley is purposefully overlooked by law enforcement and clean up crews and relies on the community of artists and landowners to add to and maintain the space. The alley has become quite popular for tourists and has become a cultural center for the city.
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and
Councilmember Vallone on behalf of art students and graffiti artists. On May 1, 2006, Judge George B. Daniels granted the plaintiffs' request for a preliminary injunction against the recent amendments to the anti-graffiti legislation, effectively prohibiting (on May 4) the
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Additional restrictions may apply through locality specific ordinances that may apply to the acts of applying graffiti, commanding others to apply graffiti, causing graffiti to be applied, as well allowing graffiti to remain on surfaces within their respective jurisdictions.
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who worked as a foot messenger. His tag is a mixture of his name Demetrius (Demetraki), TAKI, and his street number, 183rd. Being a foot messenger, he was constantly on the subway and began to put up his tags along with his travels. This spawned a 1971 article in
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were winning their "war on graffiti", and the population of active graffitists diminished. As their population lowered so did the violence associated with graffiti crews and "bombing". Roof tops also were being the new billboards for some 1980s graffitists.
610:" to eliminate graffiti and gang-related vandalism. The bureau advertises free cleanup within 24 hours of a phone call. The bureau uses paints (compatible with the city's 'color scheme') and baking-soda-based solvents to remove some varieties of graffiti.
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premises, or upon natural surfaces such as rocks, trees or any surface whatsoever. It is unlawful and a violation of this Ordinance for any person to solicit or command another person to apply graffiti or aid or abet another person in applying graffiti.
270:, and making links with the mostly white downtown art and music scenes. It was around this time that the established art world started becoming receptive to the graffiti culture for the first time since Hugo Martinez's Razor Gallery in the early 1970s.
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has been utilizing the civil court system to sue graffiti vandals or parents of juvenile vandals that have been caught to recover the clean-up costs. The CTA reported they experience about $ 1 million in graffiti related expenses annually.
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arises both from early graffitists practicing other aspects of hip-hop, and its being practiced in areas where other elements of hip hop were evolving as art forms. By the mid-eighties, the form would move from the street to the art world.
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NOTE: If there is intent, then any dollar amount of damage is inclusive under this law and is not restricted to exceeding $ 100.00. (Any class 'A' Misdemeanor is punishable by up to 1 year incarceration upon
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353:. With the increased security, the culture had taken a step back. The previous elaborate "burners" on the outside of cars were now marred with simplistic marker tags which often soaked through the paint.
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In some cases, graffiti practitioners had achieved such elaborate graffiti, especially those done in memory of a deceased person, on storefront gates that shopkeepers have hesitated to cover them up. In
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During this period many graffitists had taken to displaying their works in galleries and owning their own studios. This practice started in the early 1980s with practitioners such as
258:"wall-writing group". He notes how differences in spray technique and letters between Upper Manhattan and Brooklyn began to merge in the late 1970s: "out of that came 'Wild Style
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was said to be deteriorating almost to the point of extinction. The rapid decline in writing was due to several factors. The streets became more dangerous due to the burgeoning
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The years between 1985 and 1989 became known as the "die-hard" era. The last shot for the graffiti participants of this time was in the form of subway cars destined for the
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Early modernist graffiti can be dated back to boxcars in the early 1920s yet the graffiti movement seen in today's contemporary world really originated through the minds of
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began to repair yard fences and remove graffiti consistently. With the MTA consistently abating graffiti, many graffitists have quit applying graffiti on their property.
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describing how New York youth tagged their neighborhoods with their names and street numbers going back to the early 1960s. Towards the end of the 1960s, the signatures—
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well as outlining their tags. This gave birth to the so-called 'masterpiece' or 'piece' in 1972. Super Kool 223 is credited as being the first to do these pieces.
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622:, known as MFONE. He was dubbed "The King of Graffiti" for having tagged close to 200 buildings in the city, and was later sentenced to 2.5 to 5 years in prison.
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believe that this sense of decay encourages further vandalism and promotes an environment leading to offenses that are more serious. Former New York City mayor
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attempted to make it illegal for a person under the age of 21 to possess spray paint or permanent markers. The law prompted outrage by fashion and media mogul
74:, though the elaborate writing Tracy 168 dubbed "wildstyle" would come to define the art. The early trendsetters were joined in the 70s by graffitists like
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property of a public utility, telecommunications carrier, railroad, public transportation facility or medical facility used in direct service to the public;
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Abel, Ernest L., and Barbara E. Buckley. "The Handwriting on the Wall: Toward Sociology and Psychology of Graffiti". Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977.
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No more. The stylised smears born in the South Bronx have spread across the country, covering buildings, bridges, and highways in every urban center. From
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Graffiti proponents perceive it as a method of reclaiming public space or displaying an art form; their opponents regard it as a nuisance, or as costly
122:'s connections to hip-hop would loosen. Occasional hip hop paeans to graffiti could still be heard throughout the nineties, however, in tracks like the
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It was also, however, the last wave of significant graffiti occurrences before the Transit Authority made graffiti eradication a priority. The
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in order to paint as many trains as they could with a lower risk, often creating larger elaborate pieces of art along the subway car sides.
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Graffiti writing was becoming very competitive and graffiti participants strove to go "all-city", or to have their names seen in all five
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Hager, Steven. Hip Hop: The Illustrated History of Break Dancing, Rap Music, and Graffiti. St Martin's Press, 1984 (out of print).
983:"Style Writing From The Underground, (R)evolutions of Aerosol Linguistic". Stampa Alternativa in Association with IGTimes, 1996,
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less than US$ 500 per incident, surpassing the penalty for public drunkenness, peddling, or disrupting a religious service.
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City officials elsewhere in the country smugly assumed that gang graffiti was a blight limited largely to the Big Apple.
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The late 1970s and early 1980s brought a new wave of creativity to the scene. As the influence of graffiti grew beyond
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534:(PAGN) was created to combat the city's growing concerns about gang-related graffiti. PAGN led to the creation of the
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declared to be a public nuisance, and shall be subject to the provisions of BC 5.05.230 relating to summary abatement.
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The application of graffiti is illegal in many cities. Graffiti-making supplies may be regulated by local ordinances.
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is also credited as an early graffitist, though not recognized at the time outside of the graffiti subculture.
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Just as the culture was spreading outside New York City and overseas, the cultural aspect of graffiti in
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He is also facing a felony count because deputies say he also sprayed graffiti on railroad property.
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Pittsburgh Graffiti Tagger 'MFONE' Gets State Prison Time – Pittsburgh News Story – WTAE Pittsburgh
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1000:"Freight Train Graffiti", Roger Gastman, Ian Sattler, Darin Rowland. Harry N Abrams Inc, 2006.
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1459:"Marc Ecko Helps Graffiti Artists Beat NYC in Court, Preps 2nd Annual Save The Rhinos Concert"
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was the first graffiti video series to document the New York City's clean train movement.
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254:(Fred Brathwaite) is another popular graffiti figure of this time, who started in a
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1248:"Paint Louis to Join Forces with Inaugural St. Louis Hip-Hop Week This Year"
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1097:"New Big Pun Mural To Mark Anniversary Of Rapper's Death in the late 1990s"
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On January 1, 2006, in New York City, legislation created by Councilmember
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Staff (May 24, 2006). "NCCo OKs laws to keep spray paint from kids".
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in April 2006 and passed into law as a county ordinance in May 2006.
1576:. Thepittsburghchannel.com (July 24, 2008). Retrieved on 2011-01-27.
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from enforcing the restrictions. A similar measure was proposed in
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property such as those owned by railroad is chargeable as a felony.
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1287:. Container of: Uschan, Michael V., 1948-. New York. p. 98.
1172:"A new mural at St. Louis' riverfront — but not on a blank wall"
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also features a long-standing example of the art form at the
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published an article titled "Names, Graffiti and Culture" in
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1356:"Deputies: Cornelius graffiti suspect caught 'blue-handed'"
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1751:- contains sketchbooks and ephemera related to Wild Style
1621:. Artalley.awardspace.com. Retrieved on January 27, 2011.
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In America, graffiti was used as a form of expression by
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149st Writers Bench: Old School New York City Graffiti
1650:'Art Alley' provides startling, often beautiful works
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brought in new graffiti-free rolling stock like the
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1513:"Graffiti Artists Paint Pittsburgh; Police See Red"
1020:. Subwayoutlaws.com. Retrieved on January 27, 2011.
1404:. City of Forest Grove, Oregon. 2014. p. 190.
523:requiring abatement. Graffiti can be viewed as a "
1749:The Fales Library Guide to the Martin Wong Papers
1721:Defacing America - The Rise of Graffiti Vandalism
1076:Beaty, Jonathon; Cray, Dan (10 September 1990).
1716:, leading contemporary graffiti-related website
1198:"Our Beautiful City: Paint Louis Graffiti Wall"
189:By 1971 tags began to take on their signature
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1043:Mixed Blessings: Art in Multicultural America
1032:. At149st.com. Retrieved on January 27, 2011.
89:Graffiti is one of the four main elements of
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1099:. MTV News. February 2, 2001. Archived from
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1315:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
266:music beyond its early foundations in the
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105:). The relationship between graffiti and
920:, 3rd ed., London: Serpent's Tail, 2000.
898:"A History of Graffiti in Its Own Words"
1530:Lord, Rich; Levin, Steve (March 2007).
884:, 2nd. ed., London: Rough Guides, 2007.
794:
289:Storefront graffiti on a restaurant in
1532:"Graffiti suspect faces felony charge"
1489:
1487:
1308:
1170:Arnold, Willis Ryder (June 24, 2016).
3952:LGBT representations in hip hop music
1149:""Bang the Hate" Mural Pushes Limits"
1041:Fab 5 Freddy quote at Lippard, Lucy.
805:. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from
7:
151:city. This was the ultimate goal of
2044:Hong Kong (Free Ai Weiwei campaign)
457:A regularly scheduled event called
1612:Art Alley – Rapid City, SD – index
1552:. KDKA. March 2007. Archived from
1515:. WPXI. March 2007. Archived from
1362:. January 13, 2019. Archived from
1331:"Graffiti | City of Madas, Oregon"
532:Philadelphia Anti-Graffiti Network
14:
1669:Smith, Jon Hilkevitch and Mitch.
1285:Graffiti : vandalism or art?
1256:. August 27, 2018. Archived from
3970:
3969:
2221:
2220:
1723:, Copyright 2011 by Julius Zsako
1495:"Clean Ups and Graffiti Removal"
1196:Bernhard, Jimmy (June 3, 2016).
1045:. New York: The New Press, 1990.
672:"On subway graffiti in New York"
4005:Street art in the United States
1755:Classic article on graffiti in
830:"'Names, Graffiti and Culture'"
828:Kohl, Herbert R. (April 1969).
221:A heavily tagged subway car in
4010:Vandalism in the United States
1631:Art Alley's colorful 'curator'
1281:"Seeing Graffiti as vandalism"
1:
4000:Graffiti in the United States
1698:"Street art or street crime?"
1461:. May 2, 2006. Archived from
1125:. Harlem Live. Archived from
329:traveled to different areas.
174:'Taki 183' Spawns Pen Pals".
161:Washington Heights, Manhattan
126:' "Wrong Side of Da Tracks",
3957:Feminist activism in hip hop
2154:Sarajevo Street Art Festival
1223:"The Mural Mile (Floodwall)"
1056:"From graffiti to galleries"
971:"Black History Month — 1971"
784:The Freedom Train (graffiti)
570:In 1995 New York City mayor
429:, after the death of rapper
356:By mid-1986 the MTA and the
159:. TAKI 183 was a youth from
3947:Partner violence in hip hop
689:"Time Collection: Graffiti"
597:New Castle County, Delaware
118:tag for art galleries, and
4026:
2113:Palestine (West Bank Wall)
2038:São Paulo (Beco do Batman)
1546:"Pittsburgh Police Arrest
1534:. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
1445:"The full text of the law"
723:Billboard Liberation Front
641:Comparison with street art
593:New York Police Department
205:
17:
3965:
3411:Bosnian and Herzegovinian
2424:Bristol underground scene
2275:
2218:
1572:January 29, 2009, at the
1381:"Oregon Laws ORS 164.365"
634:Chicago Transit Authority
489:For example, the city of
407:Santa Barbara, California
208:Graffiti in New York City
1714:Graffiti.org: Art Crimes
1433:Anti-Graffiti Task Force
1416:"Chapter 5.05 nuisances"
1227:Regional Arts Commission
1176:Saint Louis Public Radio
1078:"Zap You've Been Tagged"
1030:The Fabulous 5ive @149st
626:Rapid City, South Dakota
341:Street gang graffiti in
18:Not to be confused with
2159:Sarasota Chalk Festival
2149:Pasadena Chalk Festival
1735:Radical Graffiti Chic,
1058:. CNN. November 4, 2005
649:, or the more specific
134:'s "No Jumper Cables".
1728:March 5, 2016, at the
1279:Collins, Anna (2017).
882:Rough Guide to Hip-Hop
512:
500:
411:
346:
297:
226:
36:
3125:Alternative reggaeton
2404:Universal Zulu Nation
2098:Sydney (Newtown area)
2030:Southeastern Brazil (
1655:July 7, 2011, at the
1636:July 7, 2011, at the
1617:July 7, 2011, at the
1465:on November 19, 2010.
1366:on January 14, 2019.
507:
495:
396:
388:Videograf Productions
340:
288:
220:
130:'s "Brick Walls" and
28:
3890:Contemporary R&B
3699:Minneapolis/St. Paul
2227:Category: Street art
2024:Berlin (Berlin Wall)
959:on October 14, 2014.
809:on December 19, 2010
701:on January 19, 2011.
645:Typically, the term
561:broken window theory
461:is held annually in
435:The Notorious B.I.G.
415:Jean-Michel Basquiat
365:Clean Train movement
112:Jean-Michel Basquiat
2494:Chopped and screwed
2399:Five-Percent Nation
1659:, December 21, 2005
1151:. Santa Monica News
1129:on October 25, 2006
680:The Public Interest
144:political activists
48:political activists
34:Spokane, Washington
1640:, November 9, 2006
1260:on August 27, 2018
846:10.1007/BF02322246
580:Peter Vallone, Jr.
554:8th Street station
536:Mural Arts Program
493:code states that
347:
298:
227:
167:The New York Times
114:would abandon his
37:
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2771:
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2351:Feminist activism
2233:
2232:
2175:Built environment
2134:The Cans Festival
1501:on July 11, 2009.
1006:978-0-8109-9249-8
608:Graffiti Blasters
602:Chicago's mayor,
588:Michael Bloomberg
559:Advocates of the
20:American Graffiti
4017:
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3677:Washington, D.C.
3640:
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2973:Na mele paleoleo
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2054:Northern Ireland
1960:Lists of artists
1921:Stencil graffiti
1911:Reverse graffiti
1848:Installation art
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1589:. Archived from
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1556:on May 30, 2009.
1548:King Of Graffiti
1542:
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1519:on June 5, 2009.
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1478:The News Journal
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713:34th Street Wall
702:
697:. Archived from
684:
683:. pp. 3–11.
676:
604:Richard M. Daley
572:Rudolph Giuliani
546:Broad-Ridge Spur
261:
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56:The Urban Review
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2190:Psychogeography
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1981:
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1843:Hip hop culture
1818:Culture jamming
1796:
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1730:Wayback Machine
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586:who sued Mayor
525:quality of life
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324:, Min 1, Quik,
310:Stainless steel
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1998:Martha Cooper
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743:Martha Cooper
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314:rolling stock
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302:New York City
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31:
27:
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16:
3974:
3922:Hip hop skit
3917:Drum machine
3878:Other topics
3771:
3672:Philadelphia
3646:
3115:Funk carioca
3065:Ghetto house
2923:Boomba music
2813:Hip hop soul
2726:Sample drill
2721:Jersey drill
2548:Instrumental
2195:Street party
2185:Public space
2139:Living Walls
2074:Philadelphia
2031:
1941:Yarn bombing
1867:
1756:
1737:City Journal
1736:
1720:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1674:
1664:
1645:
1626:
1607:
1597:November 22,
1595:. Retrieved
1591:the original
1581:
1562:
1554:the original
1547:
1540:
1525:
1517:the original
1507:
1499:the original
1471:
1463:the original
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1428:
1419:
1410:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1367:
1364:the original
1359:
1350:
1343:conviction.)
1341:
1334:. Retrieved
1325:
1284:
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:the original
1251:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1127:the original
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1091:
1081:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1050:
1042:
1037:
1025:
1013:
996:
979:
965:
957:the original
952:
949:"Art Crimes"
943:
934:
925:
917:
916:David Toop,
912:
901:
881:
857:. Retrieved
840:(5): 24–38.
837:
833:
823:
811:. Retrieved
807:the original
797:
771:
764:
757:
699:the original
692:
678:
661:Bibliography
650:
644:
631:
624:
616:
612:
601:
577:
569:
558:
542:Philadelphia
540:
529:
518:
508:
501:
496:
491:Forest Grove
488:
484:
480:
472:
456:
439:Tupac Shakur
423:
419:Keith Haring
412:
403:Philadelphia
400:
397:
392:
368:
355:
348:
320:were Blade,
318:
299:
272:
252:Fab 5 Freddy
245:
238:
232:
228:
196:
191:calligraphic
188:
184:subway yards
180:
165:
148:gang members
141:
93:(along with
88:
66:graffitists
64:Philadelphia
59:
55:
45:
38:
30:Gang symbols
15:
3942:Video vixen
3937:Synthesizer
3910:Turntablism
3895:Disc jockey
3828:New Zealand
3608:Palestinian
3503:Montenegrin
3294:Bangladeshi
3289:Azerbaijani
3028:Derivatives
3013:Zenji flava
2988:Songo-salsa
2918:Bongo flava
2798:Country rap
2686:Memphis rap
2669:Mafioso rap
2664:Gangsta rap
2639:Underground
2634:Turntablism
2558:Chicano rap
2460:Hipster hop
2455:Alternative
2205:Visual arts
2144:See No Evil
2083:Balmy Alley
1926:Sticker art
1832:terminology
1587:"Art Alley"
1399:"Code Book"
1360:KPTV Fox 12
1155:October 11,
1133:October 11,
1107:October 11,
1062:October 10,
813:December 5,
753:Paint Louis
469:Regulations
459:Paint Louis
3994:Categories
3823:Australian
3802:Salvadoran
3738:West Coast
3684:Midwestern
3662:New Jersey
3652:East Coast
3498:Macedonian
3473:Portuguese
3366:Sri Lankan
3356:Philippine
3321:Indonesian
3264:Zimbabwean
3239:Senegalese
3077:Glitch hop
3070:Ghettotech
3039:Electronic
2928:Cumbia rap
2888:Trap metal
2823:Industrial
2738:Latin trap
2697:Trap music
2681:Horrorcore
2624:Snap music
2608:Religious
2575:Mumble rap
2570:Miami bass
2526:East Coast
2419:Golden age
2414:New school
2409:Old-school
2373:Production
2326:Battle rap
2309:Beatboxing
2180:Public art
2129:Beton Fest
1946:Wheatpaste
1869:Subway Art
1853:Propaganda
1794:Street art
1264:August 26,
1232:August 26,
1207:August 26,
989:8872263182
918:Rap Attack
803:"Graffiti"
790:References
773:Style Wars
647:street art
351:scrap yard
240:Subway Art
132:Aesop Rock
120:street art
3885:Auto-Tune
3865:Colombian
3848:Brazilian
3787:Dominican
3743:Northwest
3704:Wisconsin
3657:Baltimore
3563:Ukrainian
3543:Slovenian
3508:Norwegian
3483:Icelandic
3478:Hungarian
3433:Bulgarian
3371:Taiwanese
3361:Singapore
3351:Pakistani
3341:Mongolian
3336:Malaysian
3249:Tanzanian
3207:Mauritian
3120:Reggaeton
3092:Freestyle
3048:Breakbeat
2913:Afroswing
2879:Rap metal
2858:Rap opera
2818:Hip house
2706:Afro trap
2659:Dirty rap
2612:Christian
2597:Conscious
2592:Political
2519:Crunkcore
2504:Cloud rap
2435:Subgenres
2363:Festivals
2210:Vandalism
2059:Melbourne
2028:Brazil (
1951:Wildstyle
1936:Throw ups
1838:Handstyle
1336:April 24,
1311:cite book
1303:982248730
1181:April 25,
854:144104767
766:Pink Lady
655:vandalism
584:Marc Ecko
521:vandalism
503:Beaverton
463:St. Louis
453:St. Louis
427:the Bronx
333:1985–1989
295:Manhattan
248:the Bronx
213:Mid–1970s
176:Julio 204
124:Artifacts
84:Lady Pink
72:the Bronx
68:Cornbread
3977:Category
3900:DJ mixer
3853:Brasília
3814:Oceanian
3777:Canadian
3716:Southern
3618:Tunisian
3603:Lebanese
3588:Egyptian
3518:Romanian
3438:Croatian
3426:Scottish
3401:Austrian
3396:Albanian
3387:European
3346:Nepalese
3326:Japanese
3284:Armenian
3254:Togolese
3234:Nigerien
3222:Nigerian
3217:Namibian
3212:Moroccan
3202:Malawian
3187:Ghanaian
3177:Botswana
3172:Beninese
3162:Algerian
3087:Illbient
2993:Scam rap
2968:Motswako
2953:Igbo rap
2904:Regional
2893:Nu metal
2868:Trip hop
2863:Rap rock
2848:Punk rap
2828:Jazz rap
2731:UK drill
2650:Hardcore
2629:Southern
2585:Chap hop
2580:Nerdcore
2482:Road rap
2467:Boom bap
2346:Feminism
2341:Activism
2302:Emceeing
2295:Graffiti
2281:Breaking
2093:Sarajevo
2068:5 Pointz
2032:pichação
2014:Adelaide
1972:Graffiti
1828:Graffiti
1808:Activism
1726:Archived
1682:June 11,
1653:Archived
1634:Archived
1615:Archived
1570:Archived
903:New York
718:5 Pointz
707:See also
256:Brooklyn
235:boroughs
157:TAKI 183
153:exposure
40:Graffiti
3932:Sampler
3860:Chilean
3797:Mexican
3792:Haitian
3726:Memphis
3721:Atlanta
3694:Detroit
3689:Chicago
3623:Turkish
3598:Israeli
3593:Iranian
3553:Swedish
3548:Spanish
3533:Serbian
3528:Russian
3493:Italian
3453:Finnish
3416:British
3406:Belgian
3304:Chinese
3299:Burmese
3259:Zambian
3192:Ivorian
3182:Gambian
3167:Angolan
3153:African
2998:Stronda
2963:Low bap
2948:Hiplife
2838:Pop rap
2808:Emo rap
2803:Electro
2789:General
2763:UK trap
2541:Jerkin'
2499:Chopper
2477:British
2446:General
2392:History
2378:Theater
2336:Fashion
2319:Culture
2268:Hip hop
2168:Related
2108:Toronto
2019:Atlanta
1977:Stencil
1931:Tagging
1801:Culture
1018:Burners
859:May 28,
565:Ed Koch
431:Big Pun
345:in 1987
291:TriBeCa
281:Decline
225:in 1973
170:titled
138:Origins
95:rapping
3748:Alaska
3628:Yemeni
3583:Arabic
3538:Slovak
3523:Romany
3513:Polish
3463:German
3458:French
3421:Celtic
3331:Korean
3309:Indian
3197:Kenyan
2958:Kwaito
2676:G-funk
2617:Jewish
2509:Comedy
2472:Bounce
2383:Genres
2225:
2122:Events
2103:Tehran
2007:Places
1967:Street
1906:Poster
1901:Pieces
1301:
1291:
1004:
987:
973:. BBC.
852:
728:Estria
477:Oregon
445:, and
382:, and
101:, and
80:Zephyr
3782:Cuban
3760:Latin
3731:Miami
3709:Omaha
3558:Swiss
3488:Irish
3468:Greek
3448:Dutch
3443:Czech
3275:Asian
3107:Other
3097:Wonky
3082:Grime
2943:Hipco
2933:Genge
2853:Ragga
2758:Tread
2748:Plugg
2743:Phonk
2711:Drill
2553:Latin
2536:Hyphy
2514:Crunk
2368:Music
2331:Dance
2288:DJing
1896:Mural
1879:Types
1402:(PDF)
850:S2CID
779:Smear
675:(PDF)
443:Big L
322:Dondi
268:Bronx
182:into
99:DJing
76:Dondi
3376:Thai
3314:Desi
2753:Rage
2565:Lofi
2358:LGBT
2049:Kyiv
1684:2020
1599:2010
1338:2019
1317:link
1299:OCLC
1289:ISBN
1266:2018
1234:2018
1209:2018
1202:KSDK
1183:2019
1157:2006
1135:2006
1109:2006
1083:Time
1064:2006
1002:ISBN
985:ISBN
861:2023
815:2011
694:Time
632:The
384:R68A
376:R62A
326:Seen
146:and
128:Qwel
116:SAMO
82:and
62:—of
60:tags
842:doi
552:to
544:'s
405:to
380:R68
374:,
372:R62
358:CTA
293:in
264:rap
32:in
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2085:,
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