93:). LNG is pumped through a 4.5 km cryogenic pipeline system rated at 12,000 m/h (5,000 tonnes per hour) to the storage tanks located 3.3 km from the jetty. New compressors and vapourisers were also installed. By 2005 the terminal had the capacity to receive and process up to 3.3 million tonnes of LNG a year, or 13 million cubic metres of gas (140 GWh) per day. The new facilities enabled the Grain terminal to become a base supply to the NTS, with the ability to deliver gas continuously when required. The cost of the Phase 1 project was £130m. A 20-year contract with
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inner nickel-steel alloy and an outer pre-stressed concrete wall with a reinforced concrete roof. The tanks were constructed in the north-west part of the site to the north of the existing tanks. Each tank has a concrete mass of 72,000 tonnes and is supported on 1,560 piles, 600 mm in diameter and a depth of 24 metres. The new facilities included eight submerged combustion water bath vapourisers. These heat and vapourise LNG flowing in stainless steel coils from minus 162 °C to 6 °C. Two
169:(HDPE) casing, the line transfers LNG between the jetty and the storage sites. There is also a 14-inch recirculation line. Additional facilities included further submerged combustion vapourisers; boil-off gas compressors; nitrogen facilities; and a vent stack. The development provided an additional five million tonnes of capacity per annum. All this capacity was contracted out from December 2010. Customers included
31:; for storing and blending LNG; for truck loading; and regasifying and blending natural gas to meet UK specifications. The terminal can handle up to 15 million tonnes per annum of LNG, has a storage capacity for one million cubic metres of LNG, and is able to regasify up to 645 GWh per day (58 million cubic metres per day) for delivery into the high pressure gas
118:. The deficit was initially met by importing gas by pipeline from continental Europe and importing LNG. The LNG was obtained on the competitive world market from a diversity of sources in North and West Africa, Russia, the Middle East and the Caribbean. In this context Grain LNG Ltd further developed the terminal.
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Phase 4 of the Grain development was announced in
February 2014. This included a proposed fifth 190,000 m storage tank immediately to the east of the Phase 3 tank. Other proposed facilities include a new process plant (compressors and vapourisers) and a second cryogenic line from the jetty area to
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In 2005-8 Grain LNG Ltd constructed new facilities for the storage and gasification of LNG. The facilities included three LNG storage tanks each with a capacity of 190,000 m (48.7 m high, 87.4 m diameter), each holding as much as the four original tanks. These are full containment vessels with an
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opened up the UK gas market to competition in 1997. This facilitated a variety of shippers to bring LNG from around the world into the UK market. To exploit this position
National Grid Grain LNG Ltd was formed in 2002 to develop the Isle of Grain site from a peak-shaving plant into an LNG import,
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The Grain LNG terminal currently has a LNG storage capacity of one million cubic metres and a throughput capability of 15 million tonnes per annum, equivalent to 20% of UK gas demand. In terms of storage capacity it is the largest LNG facility in Europe and the eighth largest in the world. The
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of
February 2003 identified the need for additional infrastructure to assure gas supplies and to reduce the strategic risk to the UK of dependency on a limited number of sources. Having been a net exporter of gas the UK became a net importer in 2004 as demand exceeded gas production from the
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constructed an LNG peak-shaving facility on the south west of the refinery site. The facility was used to support the NTS at times of high demand, and to ensure the security of gas supplies in SE England. During periods of high demand liquefied gas was pumped from storage tanks and heated in
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Work began in 2002 to convert the facility into a LNG ship import terminal. The original storage tanks were refurbished and new boil-off compression facility for ship offloading was installed. In July 2005 a new 1 km long jetty (Jetty No.10) was commissioned on the north bank of the
157:(after demolition of the former jetty 8) together with an associated cryogenic pipeline to the existing transfer pipeline. The jetty has three 16-inch loading arms and a 16-inch vapour return arm. The jetty is capable of handling LNG tankers of 125,000 to 266,000 m cargo capacity (
63:, each with a containment bund to half the tank height. At times of low demand gas could be withdrawn from the NTS and liquefied by cryogenic cooling to minus 162 °C to replenish the storage tanks. An adjacent gas holder received a gaseous boil-off from the tanks.
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of the gas entering the NTS if required. If necessary natural gas can be ballasted with nitrogen to reduce its Wobbe Number; there are two liquid nitrogen plants (owned and operated by Air
Products) with a storage capacity of 5,000 tonnes of liquid nitrogen.
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regasification plant has a capacity of 645 GWh/day (58 million cubic metres per day). Gas flows in two pipelines to Shorne, Kent, where there are two connections to the NTS: Grain NTS 1 & Grain NTS 2 (also designated NTS Feeder No.5 and Feeder No. 18).
144:. Under phase 2, a further 6.5 million tonnes per year of capacity was contracted on a long-term basis from December 2008. The new plant brought the capability of the site to a throughput of 10.5 million tonnes of LNG (about 12% of UK gas demand).
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Phase 3 was announced in May 2007 to increase storage, ship unloading and vapourisation capabilities. A fourth 190,000 m LNG storage tank was constructed to the east of the three existing tanks. A second jetty (Jetty No. 8) was constructed on the
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gas turbines provide power to the site, and the waste heat is piped to the adjacent vapourisers, to reduce the gas required for firing. The cost of the Phase 2 facilities was £350m. The capacity was sold to three customers:
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A ship reloading facility was added to the terminal in 2015 to enable shippers to take advantage of competitive world prices. A truck loading facility was commissioned in 2015 to transfer LNG directly to filling stations.
276:. A siren is installed in Grain village (north-west of the site) that would be used in the event of an incident occurring at the Grain LNG site that requires the activation of the external emergency plan.
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vapourisers to a gaseous state for delivery into the NTS. There are four tanks each of 50,000 m (total storage capacity of 200,000 m), constructed of 9% nickel-steel alloy insulated with
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the Phase 4 process plant. Grain LNG Ltd has offered an additional six million tonnes per annum of LNG capacity. Phase 4 was completed in the winter of 2018–9.
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430:"Grain LNG Importation Facility, Environmental Impact Assessment, Volume 3, Non-Technical Summary, Grain LNG Phase 3 Expansion, June 2006"
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27:, 37 miles (60 km) east of London. It has facilities for the offloading and reloading of LNG from ships at two jetties on the
364:"Additional Liquid Natural Gas Storage Tanks at Isle of Grain, Kent, Environmental Statement, Non-Technical Summary, August 2003"
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Grain LNG Ltd does not own the LNG or the gas that it handles but charges for gasifying it. Current (2016) users include
208:(CCGT) to the LNG vapourisers at the Grain LNG site. This further reduced the quantity of gas burned in the vapourisers.
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which closed in 1982 and was subsequently demolished. The Grain LNG site covers a total area of 600 acres (240 ha).
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at the south-east of the site. The jetty is capable of handling LNG tankers of 70,000 to 217,000 m cargo capacity (
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storage, and enhanced regasification facility. Development and expansion has taken place over four phases.
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the terminal has LNG blending facilities. There is a propane storage and blending unit to increase the
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495:"UK's national grid considering Isle of Grain LNG terminal expansion, 7 Feb 2014"
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To ensure that the quality of gas entering the NTS meets the requirements of the
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transferred 340 MW of heat energy from the steam condensation process within the
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The
Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations 2015
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The Grain LNG terminal is located on the site of the BP
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551:"Flogas first fill from Grain LNG terminal (news item)"
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509:"Grain LNG Terminal Expansion, Kent, United Kingdom"
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Grain LNG is classified as an Upper-Tier site under
395:"Our energy future - creating a low carbon economy"
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Isle of Grain
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) project
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565:"Gas Safety (Management) Regulations 1996"
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607:'The One Show' news report on Grain
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71:The gas industry and the regulator
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659:Buildings and structures in Kent
200:was completed in late 2010. The
537:"LNG World News 30 April 2015"
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129:Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
664:Liquefied natural gas plants
286:National Transmission System
33:National Transmission System
602:National Grid Grain LNG Ltd
478:"Isle of Grain CHP project"
165:(PUR) foam insulation in a
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206:Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
167:high-density polyethylene
291:South Hook LNG terminal
241:(British Gas Trading),
654:Natural gas in England
23:(LNG) terminal on the
21:Liquefied Natural Gas
116:UK continental shelf
109:The UK Government's
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447:"Grain LNG website"
381:"Grain LNG website"
343:"Grain LNG website"
301:Grain power station
296:Dragon LNG terminal
221:Current facilities
111:Energy White Paper
17:Grain LNG Terminal
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635:51.45; 0.68
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257:(Germany).
249:(Algeria),
136:(Algeria),
56:British Gas
648:Categories
312:References
247:Sonatrach
245:(Spain),
243:Iberdrola
202:CHP plant
179:Sonatrach
175:Iberdrola
134:Sonatrach
99:Sonatrach
280:See also
239:Centrica
191:GDF Suez
183:Centrica
138:Centrica
54:In 1980
618:51°27′N
61:perlite
43:History
621:0°41′E
255:Uniper
585:(PDF)
464:(PDF)
433:(PDF)
405:(PDF)
398:(PDF)
367:(PDF)
251:Engie
91:QFlex
73:Ofgem
19:is a
196:The
189:and
187:E.ON
159:QMax
140:and
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